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Barrow Boy
''Barrow boy'' is a British expression with two meanings, occupational and social. Street traders since the 19th century (and perhaps earlier) sold seasonal goods (especially vegetables) from two-wheeled barrows. London street traders were called costermongers (from Costard (apple), costard, the mediaeval word for apple) and more generally barrow boys, since anything could be sold from a barrow (including clothes, crockery, etc.) London's banks and investment brokerages were, since their foundation, privileged enclaves of wealth and high social standing. After modernisation in 1980s#Economics, the 1980s they ceased to be preserves of class privilege, and Cockneys of proven ability were employed as traders; such staff might be sneered at as "barrow boys" by traditionalist bankers or brokers. In British mountain rescue terminology, a barrow boy is the person who guides a stretcher during a crag (steep rugged mass of rock) rescue. Conventionally there are two barrow boys, one at each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costermonger
A costermonger, coster, or costard is a street seller of fruit and vegetables in British towns. The term is derived from the words ''Costard (apple), costard'' (a medieval variety of apple) and ''monger'' (seller), and later came to be used to describe Hawker (trade), hawkers in general. Some historians have pointed out that a hierarchy existed within the costermonger class and that while costermongers sold from a handcart or animal-drawn cart, mere hawkers carried their Product (business), wares in a basket. Costermongers met a need for rapid food distribution from the wholesale markets (e.g., in London: Smithfield Market, Smithfield for meat, Old Spitalfields Market, Spitalfields for fruit and vegetables or Old Billingsgate Market, Billingsgate for fish) by providing retail sales at locations that were convenient for the labouring classes. Costermongers used a variety of devices to transport and display produce: a cart might be stationary at a market stall; a mobile (horse-drawn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costard (apple)
The costard was a variety of apple popular in medieval England, and the second apple-variety (after the pearmain) introduced by the Normans. It was grown widely as a commercial crop by the 13th century and was supplied to the household of Edward I in 1292. It remained widespread for several hundred years, until other apple varieties gained popularity during the 17th century. It is thought to have been a cooking apple and was perhaps similar to the modern Bellflower apple. It is said to have been named for its resemblance to the human head (for which "costard" was another (later) term). History The first known named English apple variety was the pearmain which was first mentioned in 1204, having been introduced by the Normans. The costard is the second known variety introduced by the Normans and was commonly grown as a commercial crop in the 13th century. It is mentioned, by the name "Poma Costard", in a fruiterer's bill for Edward I in 1292. In 1296 100 costard apples could be b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980s
File:1980s replacement montage02.PNG, 335px, From left, clockwise: The first Space Shuttle, ''Space Shuttle Columbia, Columbia'', lifts off in 1981; US president Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union, Soviet General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, leader Mikhail Gorbachev ease tensions between the two superpowers, leading to the Cold War (1985–1991), end of the Cold War; The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is considered to be one of the most momentous events of the 1980s; In 1981, the IBM Personal Computer is released; In 1985, the Live Aid concert is held in order to fund relief efforts for the 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, famine in Ethiopia during the time Mengistu Haile Mariam ruled the country; Pollution and ecological problems persisted when the Soviet Union and much of the world is filled with radioactive debris from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, and in 1984, when thousands of people perished in Bhopal, India, Bhopal during a Bhopal disaster, gas leak from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cockneys
Cockney is a dialect of the English language, mainly spoken in London and its environs, particularly by Londoners with working-class and lower middle class roots. The term ''Cockney'' is also used as a demonym for a person from the East End, or, traditionally, born within earshot of Bow Bells. Estuary English is an intermediate accent between Cockney and Received Pronunciation, also widely spoken in and around London, as well as in wider South Eastern England. In multicultural areas of London, the Cockney dialect is, to an extent, being replaced by Multicultural London English—a new form of speech with significant Cockney influence. Words and phrases Etymology of ''Cockney'' The earliest recorded use of the term is 1362 in passus VI of William Langland's ''Piers Plowman'', where it is used to mean "a small, misshapen egg", from Middle English ''coken'' + ''ey'' ("a cock's egg"). Concurrently, the mythical land of luxury Cockaigne ( attested from 1305) appeared under a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountain Rescue In England And Wales
Mountain rescue services in England and Wales operate under the association of Mountain Rescue England and Wales (MREW), formerly called Mountain Rescue Council of England & Wales. The association has a number of regional mountain rescue teams, each of which is an independent charity. The team members are highly trained volunteers who are called out by the Policing in the United Kingdom, police. MREW is a member of the International Commission for Mountain Rescue ( / IKAR-CISA). Overview Voluntary mountain rescue teams in England and Wales are independent charities whose members are highly trained volunteers who are called out by the Policing in the United Kingdom, police. The police are legally responsible for land based search and rescue but generally lack the resources to discharge this function effectively. Individual teams are normally known as an MRT (mountain rescue team) but some use the term SRT (search and rescue team) or MS&RT (mountain search and rescue team). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costermonger
A costermonger, coster, or costard is a street seller of fruit and vegetables in British towns. The term is derived from the words ''Costard (apple), costard'' (a medieval variety of apple) and ''monger'' (seller), and later came to be used to describe Hawker (trade), hawkers in general. Some historians have pointed out that a hierarchy existed within the costermonger class and that while costermongers sold from a handcart or animal-drawn cart, mere hawkers carried their Product (business), wares in a basket. Costermongers met a need for rapid food distribution from the wholesale markets (e.g., in London: Smithfield Market, Smithfield for meat, Old Spitalfields Market, Spitalfields for fruit and vegetables or Old Billingsgate Market, Billingsgate for fish) by providing retail sales at locations that were convenient for the labouring classes. Costermongers used a variety of devices to transport and display produce: a cart might be stationary at a market stall; a mobile (horse-drawn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
