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Barm-e Delak
Barm-e Delak (), is a site of a Sasanian Empire, Sasanian rock relief located about 10 km southeast of Shiraz, in the Fars province of Iran. The rock relief was known as Bahram-e Dundalk in Middle Persian, which means ''Bahram's heart''. History The site is located near a river, on the eastern side of a rocky spur. It features four reliefs. The first relief is a family scene done in a unique style in honour of king Bahram II. It shows the king offering a lotus flower to his wife, Shapurdukhtak. See also * Bahram II * Bishapour Notes References * Louis Vanden BergheEncyclopædia Iranica * Bruno Overlaet, Flower and fire altar: fact and fiction on the Barm-i Dilak rock reliefs, Iranica Antiqua 45, 2010, p. 337–352. External links * Jona Lendering]Sasanian rock reliefs{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110012241/http://www.livius.org/sao-sd/sassanids/sassanid-reliefs.html , date=2016-11-10 Livius.org ( accessdate=2013-08-15 ). * Georgina Herma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahram II
Bahram II (also spelled Wahram II or Warahran II; ) was the fifth Sasanian King of Kings (''shahanshah'') of Iran, from 274 to 293. He was the son and successor of Bahram I (). Bahram II, while still in his teens, ascended the throne with the aid of the powerful Zoroastrian priest Kartir, just like his father had done. He was met with considerable challenges during his reign, facing a rebellion in the east led by his brother, the Kushano-Sasanian dynast Hormizd I Kushanshah, who also assumed the title of King of Kings and possibly laid claims to the Sasanian throne. Another rebellion, led by Bahram II's cousin Hormizd of Sakastan in Sakastan, also occurred around this period. In Khuzestan, a Zoroastrian factional revolt led by a high-priest ('' mowbed'') occurred. The Roman emperor Carus exploited the turbulent situation of Iran by launching a campaign into its holdings in Mesopotamia in 283. Bahram II, who was in the east, was unable to mount an effective coordinated def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Fars Province
A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof, walls and windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see ''Nonbuilding structure'' for contrast. Buildings serve several societal needs – occupancy, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) from the ''outside'' (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). buildings have been objects or canvasses of much artistic expression. In recent years, interest in sustainable planning and building pract ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures Completed In The 3rd Century
A building or edifice is an enclosed Structure#Load-bearing, structure with a roof, walls and window, windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, monument, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see ''Nonbuilding structure'' for contrast. Buildings serve several societal needs – occupancy, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the :Human habitats, human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) from the ''outside'' (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). buildings have been objects or canvasses of much architecture, artistic expression. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architecture In Iran
Iranian architecture or Persian architecture (, ''Me'māri e Irāni'') is the architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Its history dates back to at least 5,000 BC with characteristic examples distributed over a vast area from Turkey and Iraq to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Persian buildings vary greatly in scale and function, from vernacular architecture to monumental complexes. In addition to historic gates, palaces, and mosques, the rapid growth of cities such as the capital Tehran has brought about a wave of demolition and new construction. According to American historian and archaeologist Arthur Upham Pope, Arthur Pope, the supreme Iranian art, in the proper meaning of the word, has always been its architecture. The supremacy of architecture applies to both pre- and post-Islamic periods. Iranian architecture displays great variety, both structural and aesthetic, from a variety of traditions and experience. Without sudden innovatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeological Sites In Iran
Some of the prehistoric archaeological sites of Iran are listed below: *Paleolithic **Hotu and Kamarband Caves **Darband Cave **Qal'eh Bozi **Do-Ashkaft Cave **Warwasi **Bisitun Cave **Kashafrud **Kani Sib, Piranshahr, Kani Sib *Neolithic ** Tappeh Sialk ** Ganj Dareh ** Ali Kosh ** Hajji Firuz Tepe *Jiroft culture (3rd millennium BC) **Konar Sandal **Shahdad **Shahr-e Sukhteh *Lullubi, Lullubi culture (3rd to 2nd millennia BC) **Sarpol-e Zahab *Elam (3rd to 2nd millennia BC) ** Anshan ** Chogha Zanbil ** Godin Tepe ** Haft Tepe ** Susa ** Khorramabad *Assyria ** Tappeh Hasanlu *Median empire, Median to Achaemenid period **Ecbatana **Persepolis **Behistun **Rey, Iran **Pasargadae **Temukan **Bābā Jān Tepe **Marlik **Qaleh Kesh, Amol, Qaleh Kesh *Sassanid period **Takht-e Soleymān **Kohneh Lahijan **Istakhr **Great Wall of Gorgan **Qal'eh Dokhtar **Qumis, Iran See also *List of archaeological sites sorted by country *History of Iran * Rock art in Iran References Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jona Lendering
Jona Lendering (born 29 October 1964) is a Dutch historian and the author of books on antiquity, Dutch history and modern management. He has an MA in history from Leiden University and an MA in Mediterranean culture from the Amsterdam Free University, taught history at the Free University, and worked as an archivist employed by the Dutch government, before becoming one of the founders of the history school Livius Onderwijs. Career and works Born on 29 October 1964 in Beneden-Leeuwen, Gelderland, Lendering's biography of Alexander the Great (''Alexander de Grote'') attempted to make greater use than earlier scholars of Persian and Babylonian sources. For example, he argued from Babylonian astronomical diaries that Darius III of Persia was deserted by his troops when he faced Alexander at the Battle of Gaugamela, rather than personally leading the retreat as reported by Greek sources. His work, "Alexander de Grote. De ondergang van het Perzische rijk" was described by ''Bry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopædia Iranica
''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times. Scope The ''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the wider Middle East, the Caucasus, Southeastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The academic reference work will eventually cover all aspects of Iranian history and culture as well as all Iranian languages and literatures, facilitating the whole range of Iranian studies research from archeology to political sciences. It is a project founded by Ehsan Yarshater in 1973 and currently carried out at Columbia University's Center for Iranian Studies. It is considered the standard encyclopedia of the academic discipline of Iranistics. The scope of the encyclopedia goes beyond modern Iran (also known as ''"Persia"'') and encompasses the entire Iranian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishapour
Bishapur (Middle Persian: ''Bay-Šāpūr''; , ''Bishâpûr'') was an ancient city in Sasanid Persia (Iran) on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. The road linked the Sassanid capitals Estakhr (very close to Persepolis) and Ctesiphon. It is located south of modern Faliyan in the Kazerun County of Fars province, Iran. Bishapur was built near a river crossing and at the same site there is also a fort with rock-cut reservoirs and a river valley with six Sassanid rock reliefs. History The name ''Bishapur'' derives from ''Bay-Šāpūr'', which means ''Lord Shapur''. eeds verification According to an inscription, the city itself was founded in 266 AD by Shapur I (241–272), who was the second Sassanid king and inflicted a triple defeat on the Romans, having killed Gordian III, captured Valerian and forced Philip the Arab to surrender. The city was not a completely new settlement: archaeologists have found remains from the Parthian and Elamite eras. The city remained important ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shapurdukhtak
Shapurdukhtak (Middle Persian: ''Šābuhrduxtag'', literally "daughter of Shapur") was a 3rd-century Sasanian queen (''banbishn''). She was the wife of her cousin, king Bahram II (r. 274–293). Biography She was the only daughter of Shapur Meshanshah, a Sasanian prince who governed Meshan, and was the son of the Sasanian shah Shapur I. Her mother was a queen named Denag. Shapurdukhtak had many brothers: Hormizdag, Odabakht, Bahram, Shapur, Peroz, and Hormizd. She was probably raised in Meshan, which was then governed by her father. In 260, her father died and was probably succeeded by Denag as the governor of Meshan. In 274, her cousin Bahram II ascended the throne, and she was shortly married to the latter, and was given the title of '' bānbishnān bānbishn'', meaning "queen of queens". In c. 281, her brother Hormizd revolted against Bahram II, and was supported by the inhabitants of Eastern Iran, including the inhabitants of Gilan. Hormizd's revolt was finally suppressed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fars Province
Fars Province or Pars Province, also known as Persis or Farsistan (فارسستان), is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shiraz. Pars province has an area of 122,400 km2 and is located in Iran's southwest, in Regions of Iran, Region 2. It neighbours the provinces of Bushehr province, Bushehr to the west, Hormozgan province, Hormozgan to the south, Kerman province, Kerman and Yazd province, Yazd to the east, Isfahan province, Isfahan to the north, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad to the northwest. Etymology The Persian language, Persian word Pa''rs'' (), derived from the earlier form ''Pârs'' (), which is in turn derived from ' (), the Old Persian name for the Persis region. The names ''Parsa'' and ''Persia'' originate from this region. Pars is the historical homeland of the Persian people. It was the homeland of the Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid and Sasanian Empire, Sasanian Persian dynasties of Iran, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarab-e Qandil
Sarab or Sar Ab or Sar-e Ab or Sarab-e () may refer to: Afghanistan * Sarab, Baghlan * Sarab, Ghazni Iran Alborz Province * Sarab, Alborz Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province * Sarab-e Olya Rural District, Farsan County * Sarab-e Sofla Rural District, Farsan County East Azerbaijan Province * Sarab, East Azerbaijan * Sarab County Fars Province * Sarab-e Bahram, Mamasani County * Sar Ab-e Gojestan, Mamasani County * Sarab Rud, Mamasani County * Sarab-e Siah, Rostam County Hamadan Province * Sarab, Hamadan, a village in Kabudarahang County * Sarab Samen, a village in Malayer County * Sarab-e Tajar, a village in Malayer County * Sarab Rural District (Hamadan Province) Hormozgan Province Ilam Province * Sarab, Ilam * Sarab Bagh * Sarab Gur-e Tuti * Sarab-e Kalak * Sarab-e Kalak, alternate name of Kalak-e Naqi * Sarab-e Kalan * Sarab-e Karzan * Sarab-e Noql * Sarab Rural District (Ilam Province) * Sarab Bagh District * Sarab Bagh Rural District Isfahan Province * Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
