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Bar Confederation
The Bar Confederation (; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (''szlachta'') formed at the fortress of Bar, Ukraine, Bar in Podolia (now Ukraine), in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian Empire, Russian political influence and against King Stanisław August Poniatowski, Stanislaus II Augustus with Polish reformers, who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates. The founders of the Bar Confederation included the magnates Adam Stanisław Krasiński, the bishop of Kamianets-Podilskyi, Kamieniec, Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł (1734–1790), Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Casimir Pulaski, his father and brothers and Michał Hieronim Krasiński. Its creation led to a civil war and contributed to the First Partition of Poland. Maurice Benyovszky was the best known European Bar Confederation volunteer, supported by Roman Catholic France and Austria. Some historians consider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Armed Conflicts Involving Poland Against Russia
Armed conflicts between Poland (including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland) and Russia (including the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire, the Tsardom of Russia and the Principality of Moscow) include: : : : *e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Poland or Russia in which the other intervened, ''status quo ante bellum'', or a treaty or peace without a clear result. Piast Poland versus Kievan Rus' Crown of the Kingdom of Poland versus Principality of Moscow Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth versus Tsarist Russia Polish states and rebels versus Russian Empire Second Polish Republic versus Soviet Union See also * Hungarian Revolution of 1848 * Baikal Insurrection * War of the Fourth Coalition * Civil war in Poland (1704–1706) * War of the Polish Succession * Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) * Polish October * Martial law in Poland * * List of wars and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and List of cities in Ukraine, largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Odesa, and Dnipro. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. Humans have inhabited Ukraine since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, it was the site of early Slavs, early Slavic expansion and later became a key centre of East Slavs, East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful realm in Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries, but gradually disintegrated into rival regional powers before being d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine II Of Russia
Catherine II. (born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 172917 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power after overthrowing her husband, Peter III. Under her long reign, inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment, Russia experienced a renaissance of culture and sciences, which led to the founding of many new cities, universities, and theatres, along with large-scale immigration from the rest of Europe and the recognition of Russia as one of the great powers of Europe. In her accession to power and her rule of the empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably Count Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev, and admirals such as Samuel Greig and Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick II Of Prussia
Frederick II (; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was the monarch of Prussia from 1740 until his death in 1786. He was the last Hohenzollern monarch titled ''King in Prussia'', declaring himself '' King of Prussia'' after annexing Royal Prussia from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772. His most significant accomplishments include military successes in the Silesian wars, reorganisation of the Prussian Army, the First Partition of Poland, and patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment. Prussia greatly increased its territories and became a major military power in Europe under his rule. He became known as Frederick the Great () and was nicknamed "Old Fritz" (). In his youth, Frederick was more interested in music and philosophy than war, which led to clashes with his authoritarian father, Frederick William I of Prussia. However, upon ascending to the throne, he attacked and annexed the rich Austrian province of Silesia in 1742, winning military acclaim. He became an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia versus Kingdom of France, France and Habsburg monarchy, Austria, the respective coalitions receiving by countries including Portuguese Empire, Portugal, Spanish Empire, Spain, Electorate of Saxony, Saxony, Age of Liberty, Sweden, and Russian Empire, Russia. Related conflicts include the Third Silesian War, French and Indian War, Carnatic wars, Third Carnatic War, Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763), Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763), and Spanish–Portuguese War (1762–1763), Spanish–Portuguese War. Although the War of the Austrian Succession ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), none of the signatories were happy with the terms, and it was generally viewed as a temporary armistice. It led to a strategic realignment kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Uprising
This is a chronological list of wars in which Poland or its predecessor states of took an active part, extending from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the present. This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces. The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend: : : : : : __TOC__ Piast Poland (960–1138) During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands conquered in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids. Feudal fragmentation (1138–1320) In 1138, after the death of Bolesław II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil War
A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same Sovereign state, state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies.James Fearon"Iraq's Civil War" in ''Foreign Affairs'', March/April 2007. For further discussion on civil war classification, see #Formal classification, the section "Formal classification". The term is a calque of Latin which was used to refer to the various Roman civil wars, civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. Most modern civil wars involve intervention by outside powers. According to Patrick M. Regan in his book ''Civil Wars and Foreign Powers'' (2000) about two thirds of the 138 intrastate conflicts between the end of World War II and 2000 saw international intervention. A civil war is often a high-intensity conflict, often involving Regular army, regular armed forces, that is sustained, organized and large-scale. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Hieronim Krasiński
Michał Hieronim Krasiński (1712 – May 25, 1784) was a Polish noble known for being one of the leaders of Bar Confederation (1768–1772). He was cupbearer of Stężyca, podkomorzy of Różan, starosta of Opiniogóra, and envoy to many Sejm The Sejm (), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (), is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the Polish People' ...s. He was a captain in August III army. He was a member of parliament in 1748 and 1750 as a deputate from Sandomierz voivodoship and in 1756, 1758 and 1760. He was the brother of Adam Stanisław Krasiński, the father of Jan Krasiński and Adam Krasiński, and the grandfather of Wincenty Krasiński. He was buried in Krasne. Members of the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Bar confederates Radom confederates Michal Hieronim 1712 births 1784 deaths {{Pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł (1734–1790)
Prince Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł (, Exonym: ''Charles Stanislaus'': 27 February 1734 – 21 November 1790) was a Polish–Lithuanian identity, Polish–Lithuanian szlachta, nobleman, diplomat and prince of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Commonwealth. He is frequently referred to by his well-known sobriquet Panie Kochanku ("My Beloved Sir")The sobriquet "Panie Kochanku" ("My Beloved Sir") comes from his favorite form of informal addressing to others to distinguish him from his Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł (1669-1719), earlier namesake. Prince Radziwiłł held several important posts; from 1752 he was the Miecznik, Master Swordbearer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania, and in 1757 he became one of the first recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland), Order of the White Eagle. From 1762 he was Voivode of Vilnius. Radziwiłł was born on 27 February 1734 to Hetman, General-Hetman Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł and Princess Franciszka Urszula Radzi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamianets-Podilskyi
Kamianets-Podilskyi (, ; ) is a city on the Smotrych River in western Ukraine, western Ukraine, to the north-east of Chernivtsi. Formerly the administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, the city is now the administrative center of Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion within the oblast. It hosts the administration of Kamianets-Podilskyi urban hromada. Population: Kamianets-Podilskyi is a historical center of Podolia region, serving as a capital of the Duchy of Podolia, Podolian Voivodeship, Podolia Eyalet, Podolia Governorate, and Podolian District. During the Ukrainian–Soviet War, the city officially served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic from 1919 to 1920. Name Originally known as Kamianec, its name was changed to the current following the partitions of Poland and occupation by the Russian Empire in 1795. The first part of the city's dual name originates from ' () or ', meaning 'stone' in Old East Slavic, Old Slavic. The second part of its name relate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Stanisław Krasiński
Adam Stanisław Krasiński (1714–1800) was a Polish noble (''szlachcic'') affiliated with the Ślepowron coat of arms. The son of Polish nobleman Jan Krasiński, he served as bishop of Kamieniec from 1757 to 1798 and as Great Crown Secretary beginning in 1752. In 1759, He was president of the Crown Tribunal in 1759 and was one of the leaders of the Bar Confederation (1768–1772). Early life and education He was born on 4 April 1714, as son of Jan Krasiński and Elżbieta Teresa Sołtyk, brother of Michał Hieronim Krasiński. In his early years he was a supporter of king Stanisław Leszczyński during the War of the Polish Succession which begun in 1733. A year later he joined the Dzików Confederation and acted as its diplomatic emissary to Paris. He attended universities in Paris, and later, in 1737, in Rome. Early career In 1747 he matriculated from the Jagiellonian University. With support of Andrzej Stanisław Załuski he became canon of Płock and joined the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
