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Banjara
The Banjara are nomadic tribes found in India. Etymology The Gor usually refer to themselves as ''Banjaras'' and outsiders as ''Kor'', but this usage does not extend outside their own community. A related usage is ''Gor Mati'' or ''Gormati'', meaning "own people". Motiraj Rathod believes that the community became known as ''banjara'' from around the fourteenth century AD and previously had some association with the ''Laman'', who claim a 3,000-year history. Irfan Habib believes the origin of ''banjara'' lies in the Sanskrit word variously rendered as ''vanij'', ''vanik'', and ''banik'', as does the name of the Bania caste, which historically was India's "pre-eminent" trading community. However, according to B. G. Halbar, the word ''banjara'' is derived from the Sanskrit ''vana chara''. The group is known by different names in different parts of the country, including Gor Banjara, Baladiya, Gor, Gour Rajput, Rajput Banjara, Ladaniya, Labana, Nayak, etc.Despite the communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irfan Habib
Irfan Habib (born August 10, 1931) is an Indian historian of ancient and medieval India, following the methodology of Marxist historiography in his contributions to economic history. He identifies as a Marxist and is well known for his strong stance against Hindutva and Islamic fundamentalism. He has authored a number of books, notably the ''Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556–1707'', an ''Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps With Detailed Notes'', and an ''Atlas of Ancient Indian History'' (with Faiz Habib). As the general editor, he is also the driving force behind the ''A People's History of India'' series, volumes of which continue to be released. Early and personal life Habib was born in an Indian Muslim family, the son of Mohammad Habib, a Marxist historian and ideologue belonging to the Communist Party of India (Marxist), by his wife Sohaila Habib (née Tyabji). His paternal grandfather was Mohammad Naseem, a wealthy barrister and member of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buchanania Cochinchinensis
''Buchanania cochinchinensis'' (syn. ''Buchanania lanzan'') is a deciduous tree which produces seeds that are edible to humans. It is native to the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and adjacent parts of China. It is known as ''chironji'' (or ''charoli''). These almond-flavoured seeds are used as a cooking spice primarily in India. ''Buchanania cochinchinensis'' is cultivated across India, primarily in the northwest. After the hard shell is cracked, the stubby seed within is as soft as a pine nut. The charoli seed is lentil-sized, is slightly flattened and has an almond-like flavour. Though they can be eaten and used raw they are often toasted or roasted before use, as this intensifies the flavour. They are commonly used in sweets in India. They are also ground into powders for thickening savory Savory or Savoury may refer to: Common usage * Herbs of the genus ''Satureja'', particularly: ** Summer savory (''Satureja hortensis''), an annual herb, used to flavor food ** W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rail Transport In India
Rail transport in India is an important mode of conveyance for people and goods in India. Indian Railways (IR) is the primary operator of rail operations throughout the country. IR is a state-owned organisation of the Ministry of Railways, which historically had its own government budget. Between 2019 and 2020, 22.15 million passengers used the Indian Railways network daily. In the same period, 3.32 million metric tons of freight was also shipped daily on the IR network. Other locally owned public corporations operate various suburban and urban railways throughout the country, such as Chennai Metro and the trams in Kolkata. Private sector operations currently exist only for freight trains and railroads, exclusively for non-passenger usage, but there were renewed efforts in 2020 to encourage private sector involvement in the running of passenger trains. In March 2020, the national rail network comprised of track over a route of and 7,325 stations. India's nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Balfour
Edward Green Balfour (6 September 1813 – 8 December 1889) was a Scottish surgeon, orientalist and pioneering environmentalist in India. He founded museums at Madras and Bangalore, a zoological garden in Madras and was instrumental in raising awareness on forest conservation and public health in India. He published a ''Cyclopaedia of India'', several editions of which were published after 1857, translated works on health into Indian languages and wrote on a variety of subjects. Life and career Balfour was born in Angus, Montrose, the second son of Captain George Balfour of the East India Company marine service and Susan Hume (a sister of the radical MP Joseph Hume). His elder brother was Sir George Balfour (1809–1894) who was later a liberal MP for Kincardineshire. He was educated at Montrose Academy before studying surgery at Edinburgh University and admitted Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1833. A family friend arranged his commission as an assis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Criminal Tribes Act
Since the 1870s, various pieces of colonial legislation in India during British rule were collectively called the Criminal Tribes Act (CTA), which criminalized entire communities by designating them as habitual criminals. Under these acts, ethnic or social communities in India were defined as "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable offences" such as thefts, and were registered by the government. Adult males of the groups were forced to report weekly to local police, and had restrictions on their movement imposed. The first CTA, the ''Criminal Tribes Act 1871'', applied mostly in North India, before it was extended to the Bengal Presidency and other areas in 1876, and updated to the ''Criminal Tribes Act 1911'', which included the Madras Presidency. The Act went through several amendments in the next decade, and, finally, the ''Criminal Tribes Act 1924'' incorporated all of them. At the time of Indian independence in 1947, thirteen million people in 127 communit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Raj
The British Raj (; from Hindi language, Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858." * * and lasted from 1858 to 1947. * * The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, which were collectively called Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India, and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British British paramountcy, paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially. As ''India'', it was a founding member of the League of Nations, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gypsy
The Romani (also spelled Romany or Rromani , ), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally nomadic itinerants. They live in Europe and Anatolia, and have diaspora populations located worldwide, with significant concentrations in the Americas. In the English language, the Romani people are widely known by the exonym Gypsies (or Gipsies), which is considered pejorative by many Romani people due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity as well as its historical use as a racial slur. For versions (some of which are cognates) of the word in many other languages (e.g., , , it, zingaro, , and ) this perception is either very small or non-existent. At the first World Romani Congress in 1971, its attendees unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Romani people, including ''Gypsy'', due to their aforementioned negative and stereotypical connotations. Linguistic and genetic evidence suggests that the Roma originat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia), and later with East Asia. The company seized control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonised parts of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world. The EIC had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three Presidency armies, totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British army at the time. The operations of the company had a profound effect on the global balance of trade, almost single-handedly reversing the trend of eastward drain of Western bullion, seen since Roman times. Originally chartered as the "Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies", the company rose to account for half of the world's trad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Provinces
The Central Provinces was a province of British India. It comprised British conquests from the Mughals and Marathas in central India, and covered parts of present-day Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra states. Its capital was Nagpur. Its Summer Capital was Pachmarhi. It became the Central Provinces and Berar in 1903. The Central Provinces was formed in 1861 by the merger of the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories and Nagpur Province. The district of Nimar which was administered by the Central India Agency was added in 1864. It was almost an island encircled by a sea of "native States" such as Bhopal State and Rewa State to the north, the Chota Nagpur States and Kalahandi State to the east, and the Nizam's territories of Hyderabad to the south and Berar to the west. Geography The Central Provinces was landlocked, occupying the mountain ranges, plateaus, and river valleys in the centre of the Indian Subcontinent. The northernmost portion of the state extended on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deccan Plateau
The large Deccan Plateau in southern India is located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, and is loosely defined as the peninsular region between these ranges that is south of the Narmada river. To the north, it is bounded by the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges. A rocky terrain marked by boulders, its elevation ranges between , with an average of about .Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2014), ''Deccan plateau India''Encyclopaedia Britannica/ref> It is sloping generally eastward. Thus, its principal rivers—the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri (Cauvery)—flow eastward from the Western Ghats to the Bay of Bengal. The plateau is drier than the coastal region of southern India and is arid in places. It produced some of the major dynasties in Indian history, including the Pallavas, Satavahana, Vakataka, Chalukya, and Rashtrakuta dynasties, also the Western Chalukya Empire, the Kadambas, the Yadava dynasty, the Kakatiya Empire, the Musunuri Nayakas regime, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berar Subah
The Berar Subah was one of the Subahs (imperial first-level provinces) of the Mughal Empire, the first to be added to the original twelve, in Dakhin (Deccan, central India) from 1596 to 1724. It bordered Golconda, Ahmandagar (both conquered 1601), Kandesh and Malwa subahs as well as the independent and tributary chiefdoms to the east. Origin of name According to the ''Ain-i-Akbari'', the original name of Berar was ''Waradatat'' (the banks of Varada River). History Before the Mughal occupation, Berar was part of the Nizam Shahi sultanate of Ahmadnagar. It was ceded to the emperor Akbar by Chand Bibi in 1596, unable to stand against the imperial forces led by prince Murad. After this initial victory Prince Murad settled in Berar with Balapur as his headquarters. Near Balapur he founded a new city named Shahpur and constructed a beautiful palace for himself. As his relationship was deteriorating with Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, the commander of the army, Akbar recalled Khan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muker Tribe
The Muker are a Muslim community, found in North India and Nepal. They are also known as Mukeri, Mikrani, Mekrani, Makrani caste, Makrani, Barmaki, Ranki and Mukri. Present circumstances The Mukeri were historically a part of the Banjara community of nomadic merchants and transporters. Whilst many Banjara groups would deal in any goods that might make a profit, the Mukeris specialised in the transport of wood and timber. Many are now settled agriculturalists. The community are Muslim of the Sunni sect. They have their own tribal association, the International Mukeri Tanzeem. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Muker (Tribe) Social groups of Uttar Pradesh Social groups of Nepal Social groups of Pakistan Muslim communities of Uttar Pradesh Muslim communities of Bihar Ethnic groups in Nepal Social groups of Bihar Banjara people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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