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Banca Romana
The Banca Romana () was an Italian bank of issue founded in Rome in 1834. In 1850 it was reorganized as the Bank of the Papal States (), which in 1870 itself changed its name to Banca Romana. In the late 1880s, its difficulties developed into the major Banca Romana scandal which shook Italy's political life and triggered the creation in 1893 of the Bank of Italy. The Bank of Italy managed the Banca Romana's subsequent liquidation. History Banca Romana in the Papal States The Banca Romana was established in Rome in 1834 by French and Belgian investors, with the privilege of issuing money in the Papal States granted by Pope Gregory XVI. In 1841, control of the Bank was acquired by a group of Roman financiers led by the Agostino Feoli with financial support from the Cassa di Risparmio di Roma. During the political upheavals of 1848, the bank encountered a serious liquidity crisis caused by a bank run. To deal with the crisis, in April 1848, the government ordered the suspensio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palazzo Gabrielli-Mignanelli
Palazzo Gabrielli-Mignanelli is a late-Renaissance palace in Rome, Italy, overlooking Piazza Mignanelli and Piazza di Spagna. The palace was built around 1575 by Alessandro Moschetti for count Girolamo Gabrielli, of a noble family from Gubbio. The chosen location was at the edge of the Pincian hill, over what remained of the fabled gardens of Lucullus. In the 16th century the area was still considered periurban, and the palace was the first monumental building erected there. As a result of the marriage between Carlo Gabrielli, Girolamo's nephew, and Maria Mignanelli, relative of cardinal Fabio Mignanelli, celebrated in 1615, the palace was presented by the Gabriellis to the Mignanellis, who owned the building until 1871 and gave their name to the square in front of the palace. After having been rented to different institutions from the late 18th century onwards, the building became the property of the Holy See in 1887, and on that occasion was restored and enlarged by Andrea B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Republic (1849–1850)
The Roman Republic ( it, Repubblica Romana) was a short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius IX's departure to Gaeta. The republic was led by Carlo Armellini, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Aurelio Saffi. Together they formed a triumvirate, a reflection of a form of government during the first century BC crisis of the Roman Republic. One of the major innovations the Republic hoped to achieve was enshrined in its constitution: Freedom of religion, with Pope Pius IX and his successors guaranteed the right to govern the Catholic Church. These religious freedoms were quite different from the situation under the preceding government, which allowed only Catholicism and Judaism to be practised by its citizens. The Constitution of the Roman Republic was the first in the world to abolish capital punishment in its constitutional law. History Start of the Republic On 15 November 184 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute For The Works Of Religion
The Institute for the Works of Religion ( it, Istituto per le Opere di Religione; la, Institutum pro Operibus Religionis; abbreviated IOR), commonly known as the Vatican Bank, is a financial institution situated inside Vatican City and run by a Board of Superintendence which reports to a Commission of Cardinals and the Pope. It is not a private bank, as there are no owners or shareholders, but it has been established in the form of a juridical canonical foundation, pursuant to its Statutes. Since 9 July 2014, its President is Jean-Baptiste de Franssu. The IOR is regulated by the Vatican's financial supervisory body AIF (''Autorità di Informazione Finanziaria''). The Institute was founded by papal decree of Pope Pius XII in June 1942. In June 2012, the IOR gave a first presentation of its operations. In July 2013, the Institute launched its own website. On 1 October 2013 it also published its first-ever annual report. On 24 June 2013, Pope Francis created a special investigat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banco Di Santo Spirito
The Bank of the Holy Spirit ( it, Il Banco di Santo Spirito) was a bank founded by Pope Paul V on December 13, 1605. The bank was the first national bank in Europe (as the bank of the Papal States), the first public deposit bank in Rome, and the oldest continuously operating bank in Rome until its merger in 1992. First period (1605–1923) The Bank was founded by Pope Paul V in the ''Bench of S. Spirit'' building (which became known as the ''Palazzo del Banco di S. Spirito'') on December 13, 1605. The construction of the building was started in 1513 by Pope Leo X, on what became known as the "Street of the Banks." The newly founded bank provided a new source of income for the Archhospital of Santo Spirito (founded 1201),Cohen, M. 1994. "Capitalia S.p.A." ''International Directory of Company Histories'' 65. whose financial difficulties had been increasing throughout the 16th century, and in 1607 the bank began supervising the finances of the hospital, which owned the bank.Freiberg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banca Toscana Di Credito
The Banca Toscana di Credito per le Industrie e il Commercio () was an Italian bank of issue, founded in Livorno. In 1893 it merged with several of its peers to form the Bank of Italy, Italy's central bank. History It was founded on by the Livorno count , with the aim of providing a basis for the financing of important industries such as, for example, the Italian Southern Railways Company. The new venture only started operations on , after having assembled a critical mass of initial shareholders, and opened for retail business on . The bank issued notes of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 Italian lira, liras, all made by Bradbury Wilkinson and Company of London from 1864 to 1880. The initially planned denomination of 5000 lire never came into circulation. The notes of the Banca Toscana di Credito have become extremely rare and almost never appear on the collectors' market. See also * National Bank of the Kingdom of Italy Notes Former central banks, Italy Defunct banks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banca Nazionale Toscana
The Banca Nazionale Toscana () was a credit institution and bank of issue of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, founded by merger in 1860. It maintained its activity in the Kingdom of Italy until being merged in 1893 with peers including the National Bank of the Kingdom of Italy, forming the Bank of Italy. History Six banks of issue emerged in Tuscany during the first half of the 19th century: the Bank of Florence (est. 1816), the Bank of Livorno (est. 1836), the Bank of Siena (est. 1841), the Bank of Arezzo (est. 1846), the Bank of Pisa (est. 1847), and the Bank of Lucca (est. 1849). The Bank of Florence absorbed the Bank of Livorno merged in 1857, and the four other in 1860, upon which it was renamed the Banca Nazionale Toscana. After the national unification of 1861, the Banca Nazionale Toscana was one of six remaining Italian banks of issue, together with the Banca Toscana di Credito, Banca Romana, Banco di Napoli, Banco di Sicilia, and National Bank of the Sardinian States. Early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banco Di Sicilia
Banco di Sicilia was an Italian bank based in Palermo, Sicily. It was a subsidiary of UniCredit but absorbed into the parent company in 2010. History It was founded as ''Banco Regio dei Reali Domini al di là del Faro'' in 1849 and was renamed in 1860. From 1867 to 1926 the Banco di Sicilia was granted permission to issue legal tender currency (along Bank of Italy and Banco di Napoli). As public institution it was among the largest banks in Italy, with foreign branches and subsidiaries in United States (''Trust Company Bank of Sicily''), Libya ( Sahara Bank), United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, France and UAE. In 1997 it acquired Sicilcassa, at the same time the capital increase of Banco di Sicilia was subscribed by Mediocredito Centrale. In 1999 Mediocredito Centrale Group was acquired by Banca di Roma. Banco di Sicilia became a subsidiary the group. According to the Bank of Italy, Banco di Sicilia had market shares of 34% at that time in the island, in terms of branches. The s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banco Di Napoli
Banco di Napoli S.p.A., among the oldest banks in the world, was an Italian banking subsidiary of Intesa Sanpaolo group, as one of the 6 retail brands other than "Intesa Sanpaolo". It was acquired by the Italian banking group Sanpaolo IMI (the predecessor of Intesa Sanpaolo) in 2002 and ceased being an independent bank. In February 2018, Intesa Sanpaolo announced their new business plan, which would retire Banco di Napoli and other brands; the legal person of Banco di Napoli would be absorbed into Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. History The Banco of Naples is one of the most important and oldest historic banks, as its origins date back to the so-called public benches of charitable institutions, which arose in Naples between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, especially at a mount of piety founded in 1539 on a pledge to lend without interest, which in 1584 opened a case of deposits, recognised by a proclamation of the viceroy of Naples in the same year. According to some scholars i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Bank Of The Kingdom Of Italy
The National Bank of the Kingdom of Italy (), known from 1850 to around 1870 as the National Bank of the Sardinian States (), was a bank of issue of the Kingdom of Sardinia then the Kingdom of Italy after unification in 1861. Despite its name, it had no monopoly on money issuance, in a financial system that proved prone to instability. It was successively headquartered in Genoa (1850-1853), Turin (1850-1865), Florence (1865-1873), and Rome (1873-1893). Following the controversial failure of Banca Romana, the National Bank was eventually merged with several peers in 1893 to form the Bank of Italy. Background The first decades of the 19th century saw a number of note-issuing banks created on a local basis, reflecting the political fragmentation of Italy and similar to experiences in other parts of Europe such as Germany or Belgium. These banks differed from 20th-century central banks as they maintained commercial banking operations in addition to those ling with their monetary rol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capture Of Rome
The Capture of Rome ( it, Presa di Roma) on 20 September 1870 was the final event of the unification of Italy (''Risorgimento''), marking both the final defeat of the Papal States under Pope Pius IX and the unification of the Italian Peninsula (except San Marino) under the Kingdom of Italy. The capture of Rome by the Italian Army brought an end to the Papal States, which had existed since 756, and the temporal power of the Holy See, and led to the establishment of Rome as the capital of unified Italy. It is today widely commemorated throughout Italy, with the ''Via XX Settembre'' street name in a considerable number of localities. Background During the Second Italian War of Independence, much of the Papal States had been conquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia under King Victor Emmanuel II, who became King of Italy upon the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861. The new state still had not incorporated Latium, the region around Rome, which remained part of Pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Bank Of The Sardinian States
The National Bank of the Kingdom of Italy (), known from 1850 to around 1870 as the National Bank of the Sardinian States (), was a bank of issue of the Kingdom of Sardinia then the Kingdom of Italy after unification in 1861. Despite its name, it had no monopoly on money issuance, in a financial system that proved prone to instability. It was successively headquartered in Genoa (1850-1853), Turin (1850-1865), Florence (1865-1873), and Rome (1873-1893). Following the controversial failure of Banca Romana, the National Bank was eventually merged with several peers in 1893 to form the Bank of Italy. Background The first decades of the 19th century saw a number of note-issuing banks created on a local basis, reflecting the political fragmentation of Italy and similar to experiences in other parts of Europe such as Germany or Belgium. These banks differed from 20th-century central banks as they maintained commercial banking operations in addition to those ling with their monetary rol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romagna
Romagna ( rgn, Rumâgna) is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna, North Italy. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to the east, and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west. The region's major cities include Cesena, Faenza, Forlì, Imola, Ravenna, Rimini and City of San Marino (San Marino is a landlocked state inside the Romagna historical region). The region has been recently formally expanded with the transfer from the Marche region of nine comuni where the Romagnol language is spoken ( Casteldelci, Maiolo, Novafeltria, Pennabilli, San Leo, Sant'Agata Feltria, Talamello, Montecopiolo, Sassofeltrio). Etymology The name ''Romagna'' originates from the Latin name ''Romania'', which originally was the generic name for "land inhabited by Romans", and first appeared on Latin documents in the 5th century. It later took on the more speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
