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Bala Preetam
Guru Gobind Singh (; born Gobind Das; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708) was the tenth and last human Sikh Guru. He was a warrior, poet, and philosopher. In 1675, at the age of nine he was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs after his father Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Emperor Aurangzeb. His father was the ninth Sikh Guru. His four biological sons died during his lifetime – two in battle and two executed by the Mughal governor Wazir Khan.; Among his notable contributions to Sikhism are founding the ''Sikh'' warrior community called ''Khalsa'' in 1699 and introducing ''the Five Ks'', the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. Guru Gobind Singh is credited with the ''Dasam Granth'' whose hymns are a sacred part of Sikh prayers and Khalsa rituals. He is also credited as the one who finalized and enshrined the ''Guru Granth Sahib'' as Sikhism's primary holy religious scripture and the eternal Guru. He also established the concept of '' Gur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikhism
Sikhism is an Indian religion and Indian philosophy, philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the 15th century CE. It is one of the most recently founded major religious groups, major religions and among the largest in the world with about 25–30million adherents, known as Sikhs. Sikhism developed from the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the faith's first guru, and the nine Sikh gurus who succeeded him. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708), named the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the central religious scripture in Sikhism, was their successor. This brought the line of human gurus to a close. Sikhs regard the Guru Granth Sahib as the 11th and eternally living guru. The core beliefs and practices of Sikhism, articulated in the Guru Granth Sahib and other Sikh scriptures, include faith and meditation in the name of the one creator (''Ik Onkar''), the divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Ks
In Sikhism, the Five Ks (, , ) are five items that Guru Gobind Singh, in 1699, commanded Khalsa Sikhs to wear at all times. They are: Kesh (Sikhism), ''kesh'' (, , unshorn hair and beard since the Sikh decided to keep it), ''kangha ('', , a comb for the kesh, usually wood), Kara (Sikhism), ''kara'' (, , a bracelet, usually made of iron or steel), ''kachera, kachhera'' (, , an undergarment), and ''kirpan ('', , a small curved sword or knife made of iron or steel). The Five Ks are not just symbols, but articles of faith that collectively form the external identity and the Khalsa devotee's commitment to the ''Sikh rehni,'' 'Sikh way of life'. A Sikh who has taken Amrit Sanchar, Amrit and keeps all five Ks is known as ''Khalsa'' ('pure') or ''Amritdhari Sikh'' ('Amrit Sanskar participant'), a Sikh who has not taken Amrit but follows the teachings of the Guru Granth Sahib, Sri Guru Granth Sahib is called a ''Sahajdhari Sikh''. ''Kesh'' The ''kesh,'' also known as ''kesa'', or uncut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hill States-Sikh Wars
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms. Terminology The distinction between a hill and a mountain is unclear and largely subjective, but a hill is universally considered to be not as tall, or as steep as a mountain. Geographers historically regarded mountains as hills greater than above sea level. In contrast, hillwalkers have tended to regard mountains as peaks above sea level. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' also suggests a limit of and Whittow states "Some authorities regard eminences above as mountains, those below being referred to as hills." Today, a mountain is usually defined in the UK and Ireland as any summit at least high, while the UK government's Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 defined mountainous areas (for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination
Assassination is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a personespecially if prominent or important. It may be prompted by political, ideological, religious, financial, or military motives. Assassinations are ordered by both individuals and organizations, and are carried out by their accomplices. Acts of assassination have been performed since ancient times. A person who carries out an assassination is called an assassin. Etymology ''Assassin'' comes from the Italian and French Assissini, believed to derive from the word '' hashshashin'' (), and shares its etymological roots with '' hashish'' ( or ; from ').''The Assassins: a radical sect in Islam'' – Bernard Lewis, pp. 11–12 It referred to a group of Nizari Ismailis known as the Order of Assassins who worked against various political targets. Founded by Hassan-i Sabbah, the Assassins were active in the Near East from the 11th to the 13th centuries. The group killed members of the Ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mata Gujri
Mata Gujri (Gurmukhi: ਮਾਤਾ ਗੁਜਰੀ; ''mātā gujarī''; 1624–1705), also spelt as Mata Gujari, was the wife of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhism, and the mother of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of Sikhism. She played a central role in the history of Sikhism and is one of the four consorts bestowed with the title of ''Guru-Mahal''. Biography Early life Mata Gujri was born to Lal Chand, a Subhikkhī Khatri and Mata Bishan Devi, who lived at Kartarpur. She was betrothed to Guru Tegh Bahadur in 1629 when he visited Kartarpur for the marriage celebrations of his brother, Suraj Mal. She married Guru Tegh Bahadur at Kartarpur on 4 February 1633 and joined her husband's family in Amritsar. In 1635 the family moved to Kiratpur and, on the death in 1644 of Guru Tegh Bahadur's father, Guru Hargobind, Mata Gujri moved with her husband and mother-in-law, Mata Nanaki, to Bakala, near Amritsar.Soon after he was installed as Guru in 1664, Guru Tegh Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fateh Singh (Sikhism)
Fateh Singh (, pronunciation: ; 25 February 1699 – 26 December 1704 or 26 December 1705), commonly referred to with honorifics as Baba Fateh Singh or Sahibzada Baba Fateh Singh, was the fourth and youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh. Biography He was born at the spot marked by the modern-day Gurdwara Bhora Sahib, Anandpur and was reared in the same locality. He was raised by his paternal grandmother, Mata Gujri, after the passing of his mother, Mata Jito, in December 1700. By 1704, Guru Gobind Singh and his Sikhs were under immense pressure as the Mughals and hill chiefs laid siege to Anandpur Sahib, cutting off all supplies and forcing the Sikhs to survive on leaves and tree bark. Many, including the Guru’s mother, urged him to accept Wazir Khan’s offer of safe passage, backed by an oath on the Quran and promises from the hill chiefs. Knowing the enemy’s deceit, the Guru tested their sincerity by sending out bullock carts filled with worthless items, which were imme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zorawar Singh (Sikhism)
Zorawar Singh (, pronunciation: ; 17 November 1696 – 26 December 1704), alternatively spelt as Jorawar Singh, was a son of Guru Gobind Singh who was executed in the court of Wazir Khan, the Mughal Governor of Sirhind. Background In 1699, the Hill States of India, Pahari Rajas of the Sivalik Hills, Shiwalik Hills, frustrated with increasing Sikh ascendancy in the region, requested aid from Aurangzeb; their combined forces took on the Khalsa, led by Guru Gobind Singh, at Anandapur but were defeated. Another faceoff followed in the neighboring Nirmoh but ended in Sikh victory; there was probably another conflict in Anandapur (c. 1702) to the same outcome. In 1704, the Rajahs mounted a renewed offensive against Guru Gobind Singh in Anandapur, but facing imminent defeat, requested aid from Aurangzeb. While the Mughal subahdars came to aid, they failed to change the course of the battle. Accordingly, the Rajahs decided to Second Battle of Anandpur (1704), lay siege to the town rath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jujhar Singh
Jujhar Singh (, pronunciation: ; 9 April 1691 – 23 December 1704), the second son of Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito at Anandpur Sahib. This event is now celebrated on April 9 each year according to the Nanakshahi Calendar. Biography He died in battle during the Second Battle of Chamkaur Baba Jujhar Singh Ji was born on March 14, 1691, in Anandpur Sahib, Punjab. His parents were Mata Jito Ji and his Father was the 10 Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji. Baba Jujhar Singh Ji was also the second son of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji. He was only 14 when he met his martyrdom after watching his brother's death. Legacy Sikh hagiographer, Rattan Singh Bhangu, compared Jujhar Singh's sacrifice at the Battle of Chamkaur to the death of Abhimanyu in the Mahabharata epic, as both fought and died defending their father. He writes Jujhar Singh as thinking the following whilst engaging the Mughal forces in battle: "How can a son live while his father confronts death in battle?" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ajit Singh (Sikhism)
Ajit Singh (, pronunciation: ; 11 February 1687 – 7 December 1704), also referred to with honorifics as Sahibzada Ajit Singh or Baba Ajit Singh, was the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh and the son of Mata Sundari. His younger brothers were Jujhar Singh, Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh, but they had been born to Mata Jito. He was killed in the Second Battle of Chamkaur along with his brother Jujhar Singh. His other two brothers, Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh, nine and seven years old, respectively, were bricked alive at Fatehgarh Sahib on order of Wazir Khan, governor of Sirhind-Fategarh. Early life Ajit Singh was born to Mata Sundari and Guru Gobind Singh at Paonta Sahib on 11 February 1687. He was brought up in Anandpur, where his education included religious texts, history, and philosophy. He received training from Jeevan Singh (Bhai Jaita) in riding and the martial arts of swordsmanship and archery. The Ranghars of Nuh He was given his first military assignm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mata Sahib Kaur
Mata Sahib Devan (1 November 1681 – 1747, ), also known as Mata Sahib Kaur and Mata Sahib Devi, was a wife of Guru Gobind Singh. Early life She was the daughter of Har Bhagwan Devan (alias ''Ramu''), a Bassi Khatri of Rohtas, Jhelum District. Mata Sahib Devan was born on 1 November 1681 at Rohtas. She was offered to be a bride of Guru Gobind Singh by her father Bhai Rama, a devout Nanak Naam Leva Sikh, and the nuptials took place on 15 April 1700 at Anandpur. In her childhood she was called Sahib Devi by her parents. Biography When the proposal was brought for discussion to Anandpur, the Guru at first refused, as he was married already and had four sons. The Sangat and the Guru's family agreed to the marriage, but Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru made it clear that his relationship with Mata Sahib Devan would be of a spiritual nature and not physical. The Guru proclaimed her to be the ''Mother of the Khalsa'' and since then novitiates have been declared to be the sons a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mata Sundari
Mātā Sundarī (died 1747, ) was a wife of Guru Gobind Singh. Biography She was the daughter of Ram Sarana, a Punjabi Soni Kumarāv Khatri of Bijwara Soni - in present-day Hoshiārpur district. In 1704, when the family of Guru Gobind Singh was forced to break up during the Battle of Sarsa, Mata Sundari and Mata Sahib Kaur dressed like ordinary village women and headed toward Ambala, hoping to find shelter, Nand Lal escorted them to Delhi using his good connections with powerful nobles, he protected them from Wazir Khan, the Mughal governor of Sirhind. Mata Sundari adopted a boy and named him after her late son, Baba Ajit Singh. Later, he killed a Muslim beggar who had been receiving his generous alms every day. When the beggar persistently demanded an even greater gift, the situation became difficult, and Ajit Singh ended his life. He was arrested, tied to the tail of an elephant, and dragged through the streets of Delhi. At one sharp turn, the enraged elephant stepped on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mata Jito
Mātā Jīto (1670 – 5 December 1700, Gurmukhi: ਮਾਤਾ ਜੀਤੋ, Shahmukhi: ), or Ajeet Kaur, was a wife of Guru Gobind Singh. Biography She was the first wife of the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. The couple married on 21 June 1677 and had three children together. The initial marriage ceremony between Mata Jito and Guru Gobind Singh took place when she was seven years old and he was eleven. Due to the dangers associated with traveling to Lahore—her hometown—just two years after the execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur, Guru Gobind Singh established a new settlement called Guru Ka Lahore. This village, situated approximately 12 kilometers northeast of Anandpur, became the site of their wedding in 1677. The muklawa, a traditional ceremony marking the completion of the marriage, was held in late 1688, after Mata Jito had reached puberty, following Guru Gobind Singh's return from Paonta Sahib to Anandpur. Mata Jito was the mother of Jujhar Singh, Zorawar Singh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
