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Badr Ul-Alam Syah
Sultan Badr ul-Alam Syah (died 1765) was the twenty-sixth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He usurped the throne from the Bugis Dynasty and ruled from 1764 to 1765. When Sultan Alauddin Johan Syah died in 1760, his son and successor Alauddin Mahmud Syah I was still young. An official called Maharaja Labui or Mantri Makota Raja was therefore acting as regent, taking care of the affairs. This person was descended from the sultan's family of Siak though the exact link is not clear. Siak had risen to become an important power on the east coast of Sumatra in the eighteenth century. In 1763 disturbances broke out in the Aceh sultanate, presumably as a consequence of the sultan's unpopular attempts to control trade. The details are not entirely clear, but in 1764 Alauddin Mahmud Syah I was driven from the capital and Mantri Makota Raja took the throne in February of that year under the name Sultan Badr ul-Alam Syah. However, the expelled sultan was able to build up a new base at Kota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Of Aceh
The Sultanate of Aceh, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam ( ace, Keurajeuën Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë: كاورجاون اچيه دارالسلام), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day Indonesian province of Aceh Aceh ( ), officially the Aceh Province ( ace, Nanggroë Acèh; id, Provinsi Aceh) is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. Granted a s .... It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline. Its capital was Kutaraja, the present-day Banda Aceh. At its peak it was a formidable enemy of the Sultanate of Johor Sultanate, Johor and Portugal, Portuguese-controlled Malacca, both on the Malayan Peninsula, as all three attempted to control the trade through the Strait of Malacca and the regional exports of black pepper, pepper and tin with fluctuating success. In addition to its considerable mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumatra
Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent islands such as the Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, Enggano, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung and Krakatoa archipelago. Sumatra is an elongated landmass spanning a diagonal northwest–southeast axis. The Indian Ocean borders the northwest, west, and southwest coasts of Sumatra, with the island chain of Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, and Enggano off the western coast. In the northeast, the narrow Strait of Malacca separates the island from the Malay Peninsula, which is an extension of the Eurasian continent. In the southeast, the narrow Sunda Strait, containing the Krakatoa Archipelago, separates Sumatra from Java. The northern tip of Sumatra is near the Andaman Islands, while off the southeastern coast lie the islands of Bangka and Belitun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugis People
The Bugis people (pronounced ), also known as Buginese, are an ethnicity—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi (the others being Makassar and Toraja), in the south-western province of Sulawesi, third-largest island of Indonesia. The Bugis in 1605 converted to Islam from Animism. The main religion embraced by the Bugis is Islam, with a small minority adhering to Christianity or a pre-Islamic indigenous belief called ''Tolotang''. Despite the population numbering only around six million, the Bugis are influential in the politics in modern Indonesia, and historically influential on the Malay peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Islands and other parts of the archipelago where they have migrated, starting in the late seventeenth century. The third president of Indonesia, B. J. Habibie, and a former vice president of Indonesia, Jusuf Kalla, are Bugis. In Malaysia, the former prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin has Bugis ancestry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauddin Johan Syah
Sultan Alauddin Johan Syah (died 1760) was the twenty-fourth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He represented the second generation of the Bugis Dynasty of Aceh and ruled from 1735 to 1760. Rivalry for the throne Originally named Pocut Auk (or Pocut Uk), the future sultan was the eldest son of the preceding Sultan Alauddin Ahmad Syah. When the latter died in May or June 1735 the succession became contested. At this time, dynastic succession was not automatically from father to eldest son but was dependent on the approval of the three ''sagis'' (regions) of the kingdom. A previous sultan, Jamal ul-Alam Badr ul-Munir who had been deposed and exiled in 1726, now came forward and claimed the throne. Since Jamal ul-Alam was a sayyid, descendant of the Prophet, he carried a certain prestige. However, Purbawangsa, ''panglima'' (headman) of the XXV Mukims, one of the three Acehnese ''sagis'', proclaimed Pocut Auk under the throne name Sultan Alauddin Johan Syah. Jamal ul-Alam was ensco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauddin Mahmud Syah I
Sultan Alauddin Mahmud Syah I (died 1781) was the twenty-fifth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He ruled from 1760 to 1781, although his reign was twice interrupted by usurpers (1764-1765, 1773). Troubled enthronement Known in his youth as Tuanku Raja or Pocut Bangta, he was the son of the preceding Sultan Alauddin Johan Syah and a lady from the Asahan Sultanate. His father encountered internal opposition towards the end of his reign and died in August 1760. Tuanku Raja was proclaimed sultan under the name Alauddin Mahmud Syah. However, not all the regions heeded his claim. People from the XXII Mukims (one of the three regions or ''sagis'' of Aceh) held the prestigious Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in the capital and opposed the new sultan. They were eventually driven out by force. It was only in December 1760 that all the three ''sagis'' agreed to acknowledge Alauddin Mahmud Syah. The most influential person at the court was Mantri Makota Raja, a scion of the sultan's family of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siak Sultanate
The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, often called Sultanate of Siak (Indonesian: Kesultanan Siak Sri Inderapura; Jawi: ), was a kingdom that was located in the Siak Regency, Riau from 1722 to 1949 CE. It was founded by ''Raja Kechil,'' who was from the Johor Kingdom (Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Syah I), after he failed to seize the throne of the Sultanate of Johor. The polity expanded in the 18th century to encompass much of eastern Sumatra as it brought various communities under its control through warfare and control of trade between the interior of Sumatra and the Melaka Straits. The Dutch colonial state signed a series of treaties with Siak rulers in the 19th century, which reduced the area of state influence to the Siak River. For the remainder of the Dutch colonial era, it operated as an independent state with Dutch advisors. After Indonesia's Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sultan of Siak (Sultan Syarif Kasim II) declared his kingdom to have joined ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qadi
A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a ''sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term ''qāḍī'' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates. While the ''muftī'' and '' fuqaha'' played the role in elucidation of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (''Uṣūl al-Fiqh'') and the Islamic law (''sharīʿa''), the ''qāḍī'' remained the key person ensuring the establishment of justice on the basis of these very laws and rules. Thus, the ''qāḍī'' was chosen from amongst those who had mastered the sciences of jurisprudence and law. The Abbasid caliphs created the office of "chief ''qāḍī''" (''qāḍī al-quḍāh''), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauddin Jauhar Ul-Alam Syah
Sultan Alauddin Jauhar ul-Alam Syah (1786 - 1 December 1823) was the twenty-ninth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He ruled in 1795-1815 and again in 1819-1823, the intervening period being filled by the usurper Syarif Saiful Alam Syah. Enthronement and regency When Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Syah died in February 1795 he left a 9-year-old son, Husain, who was born from his main wife Merah di Awan (daughter of a previous sultan, Badr ul-Alam Syah). After an interregnum of about one month Husain was proclaimed under the name Sultan Alauddin Jauhar ul-Alam Syah. Merah di Awan made sure that her brother Raja Udahna Lela was appointed regent for the young sultan. The first years of the regency were relatively tranquil. The sultan, who had spent time on a British ship as a boy, spoke English and was well acquainted with European customs. He took up the habit of drinking alcohol which did not endear him to the Muslim clergy. The British were in possession of Penang off the coast of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Of Aceh
The Sultanate of Aceh, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam ( ace, Keurajeuën Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë: كاورجاون اچيه دارالسلام), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day Indonesian province of Aceh Aceh ( ), officially the Aceh Province ( ace, Nanggroë Acèh; id, Provinsi Aceh) is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. Granted a s .... It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline. Its capital was Kutaraja, the present-day Banda Aceh. At its peak it was a formidable enemy of the Sultanate of Johor Sultanate, Johor and Portugal, Portuguese-controlled Malacca, both on the Malayan Peninsula, as all three attempted to control the trade through the Strait of Malacca and the regional exports of black pepper, pepper and tin with fluctuating success. In addition to its considerable mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultans Of Aceh
Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty (i.e., not having dependence on any higher ruler) without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjectival form of the word is "sultanic", and the state and territories ruled by a sultan, as well as his office, are referred to as a sultanate ( '. The term is distinct from king ( '), despite both referring to a sovereign ruler. The use of "sultan" is restricted to Muslim countries, where the title carries religious significance, contrasting the more secular ''king'', which is used in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Brunei and Oman are the only independent countries which retain the tit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1765 Deaths
Events January–March * January 23 – Prince Joseph of Austria marries Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria in Vienna. * January 29 – One week before his death, Mir Jafar, who had been enthroned as the Nawab of Bengal and ruler of the Bengali people with the support and protection of the British East India Company, abdicates in favor of his 18-year-old son, Najmuddin Ali Khan. * February 8 – **Frederick the Great, the King of Prussia, issues a decree abolishing the historic punishments against unmarried women in Germany for "sex crimes", particularly the ''Hurenstrafen'' (literally "whore shaming") practices of public humiliation. ** Isaac Barré, a member of the British House of Commons for Wycombe and a veteran of the French and Indian War in the British American colonies, coins the term "Sons of Liberty" in a rebuttal to Charles Townshend's derisive description of the American colonists during the introduction of the proposed Stamp Act. MP Barré ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
