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BPIFB9P
Vomeromodulin is a non-human protein also known as BPI fold containing family B, member 9 (BPIFB9) in the rat encoded by the ''Bpifb9/RYF3'' gene, and as BPI fold containing family B, member 9A (BPIFB9A) encoded by the ''Bpifb9a'' gene in the mouse. This protein has been characterized in mammals such as rodents, carnivores, even-toed ungulates, insectivores, bats, lagomorphs, and shrews but is apparently absent in primates and other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Its function is associated with detection of chemical odorant pheromone molecules. In humans no protein is expressed and it is present only as a pseudogene ''BPIFB9P''. The pseudogene was named based on its functional ortholog found in the other species. Superfamily Vomeromodulin/BPIFB9/BPIFB9A is a member of the BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB4
BPI fold containing family B, member 4 (BPIFB4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB4 gene. It was formerly known as "Long palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 4" encoded by the ''LPLUNC4'' gene. The ''BPIFB4'' gene sequence predicts 4 transcripts ( splice variants); 3 isoforms have been well characterized. In a variety of mammals, BPIFB4 is generally expressed in very high levels in the olfactory epithelium (nasal mucosa), high levels in the gonads (testis, ovary) and pituitary, moderate levels in white blood cells (monocytes) It can occur either localized in the cytoplasm of cells or secreted and circulated systemically in blood plasma. Superfamily BPIFB4 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/CETP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB3
BPI fold containing family B, member 3 (BPIFB3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFB3'' gene. Two variants have been detected in humans. Superfamily BPIFB3 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains of lipopolysaccharide found on Gram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions. Genes for the BPI/LBP/PLUNC superfamily are found in all vertebrate species, including distant homologs in non-vertebrate species such as insects, mollusks, and roundworms. Within that broad grouping is the BPIF gene family whose members encode the BPI fold structural moti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB2
BPI fold-containing family B, member 2, (BPIFB2) also known as bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-like 1, (BPI-like 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFB2'' gene. Superfamily BPIFB2 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains of lipopolysaccharide found on Gram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions. Genes for the BPI/LBP/PLUNC superfamily are found in all vertebrate species, including distant homologs in non-vertebrate species such as insects, mollusks, and roundworms. Within that broad grouping is the BPIF gene family whose members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFB1
BPI fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFB1'' gene. BPIFB1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways (respiratory and olfactory epithelium) and salivary glands, and at moderate levels in the digestive tract (tongue, stomach, intestinal epithelium) and pancreas. Superfamily BPIFB1 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains of lipopolysaccharide found on Gram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions. Genes for the BPI/LBP/PLUNC superfamily are found in all vertebrate speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFA4P
BPI fold containing family A, member 4 (BPIFA4) is a non-human protein encoded by the ''Bpifa4'' gene in mammals such as monkey, cat, and cow but does not appear in rodents and humans. It is also known as Latherin in horse, encoded by the ''Lath/Bpifa4'' gene but is somewhat divergent from the other species. Latherin/BPIFA4 is a secreted protein found in saliva and sweat. In humans, no functional protein is expressed, therefore ''BPIFB4P'' is referred to as a pseudogene. However, a non-functional protein does appear; it known as BASE protein, secreted by breast cancer cell lines and salivary gland tissue (see section below). Superfamily BPIFA3 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/ CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFA3
BPI fold containing family A, member 3 (BPIFA3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFA3'' gene. The gene is also known as ''SPLUNC3'' and ''C20orf71'' in humans and the orthologous gene in mice is ''1700058C13Rik''. There are multiple variants of the BPIFA3 projected to be a secreted protein. It is very highly expressed in testis with little or no expression in other tissues. The Human Protein Atlas project and Mouse ENCODE Consortium report RNA-Seq expression at RPKM levels (reads per kilobases of transcript per 1 million mapped reads ) of 29.1 for human testis and 69.4 for mouse, but 0 for all other tissues. Similarly, the Bgee consortium, using multiple techniques in addition to RNA-Seq, reports a relative Expression Score of 95.8 out of 100 for testis and 99.0 for sperm in humans; however low levels of BPIFA3 between 20 and 30 were seen for a variety of tissues such as muscle, glands, prostate, nervous system, and skin. Superfamily BPIFA3 is a member of a BPI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFA2
BPI fold containing family A, member 2 (BPIFA2), also known as Parotid Secretory Protein (PSP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFA2'' gene. The ''BPIFA2'' gene sequence predicts multiple transcripts ( splice variants); 2 mRNA variants have been well characterized. The resulting BPIFA2 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in the parotid (salivary) gland; at high levels in oropharyngeal mucosa, including tongue; and at moderate levels many other tissue types and glands including mammary gland, testis, lung, bladder, blood, prostate, adrenal gland, kidney, and pancreas. Superfamily BPIFA2 is a member of a BPI fold protein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape. This superfamily is also known as the BPI/LBP/PLUNC family or the BPI/ LPB/CETP family. The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPIFA1
BPI fold containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1), also known as Palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BPIFA1'' gene. It was also formerly known as "Secretory protein in upper respiratory tracts" (SPURT). The ''BPIFA1'' gene sequence predicts 4 transcripts ( splice variants); 3 mRNA variants have been well characterized. The resulting BPIFA1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways (olfactory and respiratory and epithelium) and salivary glands; at high levels in oropharyneal epithelium, including tongue and tonsils; and at moderate levels many other tissue types and glands including pituitary, testis, lung, bladder, blood, prostate, pancreas, levels in the digestive tract (tongue, stomach, intestinal epithelium) and pancreas. The protein can be detected on the apical side of epithelial cells and in airway surface liquid, nasal mucus, and sputum. Superfamily BPIFA1 is a member of a B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromosome 20
Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Chromosome 20 spans around 66 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 2 and 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Chromosome 20 was fully sequenced in 2001 and was reported to contain over 59 million base pairs. Since then, due to sequencing improvements and fixes, the length of chromosome 20 has been updated to just over 66 million base pairs. Genes Number of genes The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 20. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project ( CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes. Gene list The following is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphiphile
In chemistry, an amphiphile (), or amphipath, is a chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic (''water-loving'', polar) and lipophilic (''fat-loving'', nonpolar) properties. Such a compound is called amphiphilic or amphipathic. Amphiphilic compounds include surfactants and detergents. The phospholipid amphiphiles are the major structural component of cell membranes. Amphiphiles are the basis for a number of areas of research in chemistry and biochemistry, notably that of lipid polymorphism. Organic compounds containing hydrophilic groups at both ends of the molecule are called bolaamphiphilic. The micelles they form in the aggregate are prolate. Structure The lipophilic group is typically a large hydrocarbon moiety, such as a long chain of the form CH3(CH2)n, with n > 4. The hydrophilic group falls into one of the following categories: # charged groups #* anionic. Examples, with the lipophilic part of the molecule represented by ''R'', are: #** carboxylates: RCO2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Motif
In a chain-like biological molecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, a structural motif is a common three-dimensional structure that appears in a variety of different, evolutionarily unrelated molecules. A structural motif does not have to be associated with a sequence motif; it can be represented by different and completely unrelated sequences in different proteins or RNA. In nucleic acids Depending upon the sequence and other conditions, nucleic acids can form a variety of structural motifs which is thought to have biological significance. ;Stem-loop: Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded DNA or, more commonly, in RNA. The structure is also known as a hairpin or hairpin loop. It occurs when two regions of the same strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence when read in opposite directions, base-pair to form a double helix that ends in an unpaired loop. The resulting structure is a key building block of many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequence Homology
Sequence homology is the homology (biology), biological homology between DNA sequence, DNA, RNA sequence, RNA, or Protein primary structure, protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a Gene duplication, duplication event (paralogs), or else a Horizontal gene transfer, horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs). Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Sequence alignment, Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous. Identity, similarity, and conservation The term "percent homology" is often used to mean "sequence similarity”, that is the percen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
