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BARD Offshore 1
BARD Offshore 1 is a 400 megawatt (MW) North Sea offshore wind farm with 80 BARD 5.0 turbines. Since the owner could not buy such 5MW offshore wind turbines in sufficient numbers in 2006, Dr. Bekker set up its own production of turbines. This should serve as the legacy for his children. The systems were developed by aerodyn Energiesysteme GmbH. A plant for rotor blades and nacelle assembly was built in Emden and a plant for the offshore foundations in Cuxhaven. Two turbine prototypes were set up at the Rysumer Nacken in 2007, and another prototype in Hooksiel in 2008. Construction was finished in July 2013 and the wind farm was officially inaugurated in August 2013. The wind farm is located northwest of the isle Borkum in deep water. Laying of cables to connect the wind farm started on 23 July 2009. The 200 km connection is the longest of its kind in the world. It is also the first connection of an offshore wind park realized as HVDC-transmission. Construction of the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Map Offshore Windfarms In The German Bight
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geography, geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension. Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the , wherein ''mappa'' meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and ''mundi'' 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface. History Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harmonics (electrical Power)
In an electric power system, a harmonic of a voltage or current waveform is a sinusoidal wave whose frequency is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. Harmonic frequencies are produced by the action of non-linear loads such as rectifiers, discharge lighting, or saturated electric machines. They are a frequent cause of power quality problems and can result in increased equipment and conductor heating, misfiring in variable speed drives, and torque pulsations in motors and generators. Harmonics are usually classified by two different criteria: the type of signal (voltage or current), and the order of the harmonic (even, odd, triplen, or non-triplen odd); in a three-phase system, they can be further classified according to their phase sequence ( positive, negative, zero). The measurement of the level of harmonics is covered by the IEC 61000-4-7 standard. Current harmonics In a normal alternating current power system, the current varies sinusoidally at a specific f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wind Farms In Germany
Wind is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface. Winds occur on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and lasting a few hours, to global winds resulting from the difference in absorption of solar energy between the climate zones on Earth. The study of wind is called anemology. The two main causes of large-scale atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and the poles, and the rotation of the planet (Coriolis effect). Within the tropics and subtropics, thermal low circulations over terrain and high plateaus can drive monsoon circulations. In coastal areas the sea breeze/land breeze cycle can define local winds; in areas that have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes can prevail. Winds are commonly classified by their scale (spatial), spatial scale, their speed and direction, the forces that cause them, the regions in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Offshore Wind Farms In The North Sea
Offshore may refer to: Science and technology * Offshore (hydrocarbons) * Offshore construction, construction out at sea * Offshore drilling, discovery and development of oil and gas resources which lie underwater through drilling a well * Offshore hosting, server * Offshore wind power, wind power in a body of water * Offshore geotechnical engineering * Offshore aquaculture Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Offshore'' (novel), a 1979 British novel by Penelope Fitzgerald *The Offshore, an elite enclave of the chosen, in '' 3%'' * ''Offshore'' (album), a 2006 album by Indiana-based post-rock band Early Day Miners * "Offshore" (song), a 1996 song by British electronic dance music act Chicane Finance and law * Offshore bank, relates to the banking industry in offshore centers * Offshore company * Offshore financial centre, jurisdictions which transact financial business with non-residents * Offshore fund, collective investment in offshore centers * Offshore investment, r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borkum Riffgat
Riffgat (also known as Borkum Riffgat and OWP Riffgat) is an offshore wind farm to the north-west of the German island of Borkum and north of the eponymous shipping channel in the southern North Sea. The wind turbines are built across an area of . It consists of 30 turbines with a total capacity of 108 megawatt (MW), and is expected to generate enough electricity for 112,000 households. Early 2011, the Dutch government stated that the wind farm was partly in Dutch territory and protested against the issuing of construction licenses by the German government. The issue was resolved in 2014 with the signing of the Ems-Dollart-Treaty. Between November 2015 and April 2016, transmission problems prevented Riffgat from exporting power. See also *Wind power in Germany *List of Offshore Wind Farms This article lists the largest offshore wind farms that are currently operational rated by nameplate capacity. It also lists the largest offshore wind farms cur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Offshore Wind Farms
This article lists the largest offshore wind farms that are currently operational rated by nameplate capacity. It also lists the largest offshore wind farms currently under construction, the largest proposed offshore wind farms, and offshore wind farms with notability other than size. As of 2022, Hornsea Wind Farm, Hornsea 2 in the United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 1,386 Megawatt, MW. Largest operational offshore wind farms This is a list of offshore wind farms with at least 400 Megawatt, MW nameplate capacity that are currently operational. Largest under construction This is a list of wind farms with a nameplate capacity of more than 400 MW currently under construction. Largest proposed The following table lists largest offshore wind farm areas (by nameplate capacity) that are only at a ''proposal'' stage, and have achieved at least some of the formal consents required before construction can begin. Largest cancelled wind far ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wind Power In Germany
Wind power in Germany is a growing industry. The installed capacity was 55.6 gigawatts (GW) at the end of 2017, with 5.2 GW from offshore installations. In 2020, 23.3% of the country's total electricity was generated through wind power, up from 6.2% in 2010 and 1.6% in 2000. More than 26,772 wind turbines were located in the German federal area by year end 2015, and the country has plans for further expansion. As of the end of 2015, Germany was the third largest producer of wind power in the world by installations, behind China and the United States. Germany also has a number of turbine manufacturers, like Enercon, Nordex and Senvion. In the first half of 2021, with 22% a contribution to German electric generation, wind was the second most important contributor, following coal, which was the top producer, with 27%. In 2020 wind was the top generator. The German Federal Government has enacted plans to expand offshore wind energy, with targets of 30 gigawatts by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macquarie Infrastructure And Real Assets
Macquarie Group Limited (), more commonly known as Macquarie Bank, is an Australian Multinational corporation, multinational investment banking and financial services group headquartered in Sydney and listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, ASX (). Macquarie's Investment Banking, investment banking division is Australia's top-ranked mergers and acquisitions adviser with more than in assets under management and is one of the world's largest Infrastructure asset management, infrastructure asset manager. Macquarie Bank's customers have an overall net wealth per capita of (as of March 2024) making them amongst the wealthiest in Australia. The company employs more than 20,000 staff across four operating groups in 34 markets. History Hill Samuel Australia Macquarie was founded on 10 December 1969 as Hill Samuel Australia Limited (HSA), a subsidiary of the UK's Hill Samuel, Hill Samuel & Co. Limited. The group's logo is a stylised version of the holey dollar, Australia's fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feed-in Tariffs In Germany
Feed-in electricity tariffs (FiT) were introduced in Germany to encourage the use of new energy technologies such as wind power, biomass, hydropower, geothermal power and solar photovoltaics. Feed-in tariffs are a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies by providing them remuneration (a "tariff") above the retail or wholesale rates of electricity. The mechanism provides long-term security to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology. Technologies such as wind power, for instance, are awarded a lower per-kWh price, while technologies such as solar PV and tidal power are offered a higher price, reflecting higher costs. As of July 2014, feed-in tariffs range from 3.33 ¢/kWh (4.4 ¢/kWh) for hydropower facilities over 50 MW to 12.88 ¢/kWh (17.3 ¢/kWh) for solar installations on buildings up to 30kWp and 19 ¢/kWh (25.5 ¢/kWh) for offshore wind. On 1 August 2014, a revised Renewable Ener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Availability Factor
The availability factor of a power plant is the duration it achieves production of electricity divided by the duration that it was planned to produce electricity. In the field of reliability engineering, ''availability factor'' is known as operational availability, A_o. The capacity factor of a plant includes numerous other factors which determine the durations the plant is planned to produce electricity. A solar photovoltaic plant is not planned to operate in the dark of a night, hence unplanned maintenance occurring whilst the sun is set does not impact the availability factor. Periods of generation where only partial generation of planned capacity occurs may or may not be deducted from the availability factor. An example of partial generation is a power plant with four installed turbines planned to be concurrently operational, but one of those turbines subsequently requires unplanned maintenance. Where deductions are made the metric is titled ''equivalent availability factor' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BorWin Alpha
HVDC BorWin1 is the first HVDC facility in the world to be built for importing power from an offshore wind park to shore, and the first to use voltage source converters (VSC) in Germany. It connects the offshore wind park BARD Offshore 1 and other offshore wind farms in Germany near Borkum to the European power grid. The facility was built by ABB and has a capacity of 400 MW at a bipolar voltage of ±150 kV. HVDC BorWin1, which leads from BorWin Alpha Offshore Platform to Diele substation, consists of a of underground and of submarine cable. Unlike the later (and more powerful) HVDC connections that have been built for transmitting wind power to shore in Germany, Borwin 1 uses cascaded two-level converter submodules, i.e., a modular multilevel converter (MMC) scheme with a large step size, in which each half-bridge submodule contains several IGBTs connected in series for the required submodule voltage rating. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is used to imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overvoltage
In electrical engineering, overvoltage is the raising of voltage beyond the design limit of a circuit or circuit element. The conditions may be hazardous. Depending on its duration, the overvoltage event can be transient—a voltage spike—or permanent, leading to a power surge. Explanation Electronic and electrical devices are designed to operate at a certain maximum supply voltage, and considerable damage can be caused by voltage that is higher than that for which the devices are rated. For example, an electric light bulb has a wire in it that at the given rated voltage will carry a current just large enough for the wire to get very hot (giving off light and heat), but not hot enough for it to melt. The amount of current in a circuit depends on the voltage supplied: if the voltage is too high, then the wire may melt and the light bulb burn out. Similarly other electrical devices may stop working, or may even burst into flames if an overvoltage is delivered to the circ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
