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BAMN
The Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration & Immigrant Rights, and Fight for Equality By Any Means Necessary, commonly shortened to By Any Means Necessary (BAMN), is a militant, American far-left group that participates in protests and litigation to achieve its aims. Origins BAMN was formed in 1995 to oppose the July 20, 1995, decision by Regents of the University of California to ban affirmative action as The Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action By Any Means Necessary. It ran a slate of candidates in the April 1996 Associated Students of the University of California election on a platform of defeating California Proposition 209. The proposition passed in November, prohibiting state governmental institutions from considering race, sex, or ethnicity for employment, contracting, and education. In 1997, BAMN expanded to Michigan, where it organized student support for the affirmative action policy of the University of Michigan Law School at Ann Arbor (UMLS) as a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 Sacramento Riot
The 2016 Sacramento riot was a civil disorder at a neo-Nazi rally outside the California State Capitol in Sacramento, California on June 26, 2016. Neo-nazi groups including the Traditionalist Workers Party and other white supremacist groups were involved. Counter-protestors arrived at the rally to oppose the Neo-nazis and white supremacy. This included Antifa and their allies. Ten people were hospitalized for stabbing and laceration wounds with the majority of those hospitalized being counter-protesters. Riot A neo-Nazi group called the Traditionalist Workers Party (TWP) had a permit for a rally on the west steps of the capitol building. They were joined by their affiliate, Golden State Skinheads (GSS). Several groups led by Antifa (Anti-Fascist Action) Sacramento and BAMN (By Any Means Necessary) organized a counter protest. BAMN issued a statement saying that "collective power through mass militant direct action can shut these Nazis down and deal the fascists and white-su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Associated Students Of The University Of California
The Associated Students of the University of California (ASUC) is the autonomous and officially recognized students' association of the University of California, Berkeley. It is the only students' association within the University of California that is fully autonomous from the university administration. Founded in 1887, the ASUC is an independent, 501(c)(3)ASUC Form 990 for the 2008-2009 tax year non-profit, and unincorporated association. The ASUC controls funding for all ASUC-sponsored organizations, advocates on behalf of students to solve issues on campus and in the community, engages with ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement For Justice By Any Means Necessary
The Movement for Justice was set up in 1995 by people around the Kingsway College Student Union in the London Borough of Camden to tackle racism in institutional and established forms. The group confronted organised fascism as well as death in custody and wider racism to black people as well as travellers, refugees and asylum seekers. It is also the sister group to the American organization The Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration & Immigrant Rights, and Fight for Equality By Any Means Necessary ( BAMN). It is led up by members of the Revolutionary Internationalist League (RIL), a Trotskyist group. It has been described by a former member as a "cultish Trotskyist group" that makes use of "guilt for coercion". History According to the '' Daily Telegraph'', it was set up by Tony Gard in the mid-1990s. In 2020, the ''Times'' said that "While photographs of its protests highlight young black members, the key leaders are two white Marxists", naming Gard, a former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Proposition 209
Proposition 209 (also known as the California Civil Rights Initiative or CCRI) is a California ballot proposition which, upon approval in November 1996, amended the state constitution to prohibit state governmental institutions from considering race, sex, or ethnicity, specifically in the areas of public employment, public contracting, and public education. Modeled on the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the California Civil Rights Initiative was authored by two California academics, Glynn Custred and Tom Wood. It was the first electoral test of affirmative action policies in North America. It passed with 55% in favor to 45% opposed. History Context The controversy pertaining to affirmative action in California can most notably be traced back to the historic 1978 Supreme Court case '' Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.'' There were two major decisions from the case that still stand today. Firstly, the quota system that was once used by the University of California, Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Lives Matter
Black Lives Matter (abbreviated BLM) is a decentralized political and social movement that seeks to highlight racism, discrimination, and racial inequality experienced by black people. Its primary concerns are incidents of police brutality and racially motivated violence against black people. It started following the killings of Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner, Pamela Turner and Rekia Boyd, among others. The movement and its related organizations typically advocate for various policy changes considered to be related to black liberation. While there are specific organizations that label themselves simply as "Black Lives Matter," such as the Black Lives Matter Global Network, the overall movement is a decentralized network of people and organizations with no formal hierarchy. The slogan "Black Lives Matter" itself remains untrademarked by any group. Despite being characterized by some as a violent movement, the overwhelming majority of its public demons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antifa (United States)
Antifa () is a left-wing anti-fascist and anti-racist political movement in the United States. It consists of a highly decentralized array of autonomous groups that use both nonviolent direct action and violence to achieve their aims. Most antifa political activism is nonviolent, involving poster and flyer campaigns, mutual aid, speeches, protest marches, and community organizing. Some who identify as antifa also combat far-right extremists (such as neo-Nazis and white supremacists) and, at times, law enforcement, with tactics including digital activism, doxing, harassment, physical violence, and property damage. Individuals involved in the movement subscribe to a range of left-wing ideologies, and tend to hold anti-authoritarian, anti-capitalist, and anti-state views. A majority of individuals involved are anarchists, communists, and socialists who describe themselves as revolutionaries, and have little allegiance to liberal democracy, although some socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tijuana
Tijuana ( ,"Tijuana" (US) and ), known also by the initials T.J., is a city and municipal seat of Tijuana Municipality, , located on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. It is part of the San Diego-Tijuana metro area and the larger [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central American Migrant Caravans
Central American migrant caravans, also known as the ("Migrant's Way of the Cross"), are migrant caravans that travel from Central America to the Mexico–United States border. The largest and best known of these were organized by (A People Without Borders) that set off during Holy Week in early 2017 and 2018 from the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA), but such caravans of migrants began arriving several years earlier, and other unrelated caravans continued to arrive into late 2018. There is some disagreement as to whether the migrant caravans are primarily composed of refugees seeking asylum or are merely large concentrations of traditional economic migrants. Numerous human rights organizations document the increase in violence and abuse in recent years in Central American countries. A report by the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, cited by Amnesty International, noted that between 2007 and 2012, several Central American countries had the highe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California State Capitol
The California State Capitol is the seat of the Government of California, California state government, located in Sacramento, California, Sacramento, the state capital of California. The building houses the chambers of the California State Legislature, made up of the California State Assembly, Assembly and the California State Senate, Senate, along with the office of the governor of California. The Neoclassical architecture, Neoclassical structure, designed by Reuben S. Clark, was completed between 1861 and 1874. Located at the west end of Capitol Park (Sacramento), Capitol Park and the east end of the Capitol Mall, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The California State Capitol Museum is housed on the grounds of the capitol. History The structure was completed between 1860 and 1874, designed by architect Reuben S. Clark of Clark & Kenitzer, one of San Francisco's oldest architectural firms, founded in 1854. Between 1949 and 1952, the Cap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Nationalist
White nationalism is a type of racial nationalism or pan-nationalism which espouses the belief that white people are a raceHeidi Beirich and Kevin Hicks. "Chapter 7: White nationalism in America". In Perry, Barbara. ''Hate Crimes''. Greenwood Publishing, 2009. pp.114–115 and seeks to develop and maintain a white racial and national identity."White Nationalism, Explained" . 21 November 2016. "White nationalism, he said, is the belief that national identity should be built around white ethnicity, and that white people should therefore maintain both a demographic majority and dominance of the nation’s culture and public life.... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traditionalist Worker Party
The Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP) was a far-right neo-Nazi political party active in the United States between 2013 and 2018, affiliated with the broader "alt-right" movement that became active within the U.S. during the 2010s. It was considered a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center's list. Established by Matthew Heimbach under the name Traditionalist Youth Network (TYN), the group promoted white separatism and a white supremacist view of Christianity. As a member of the neo-Nazi Nationalist Front, the TWP held a number of protests and other local events. In 2015, the Traditionalist Workers Party changed into a political party so as to run in elections for local office. In April 2018, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the TWP had been disbanded the previous month after group leader Matthew Heimbach's arrest for battery.McCoy Terrence (April 20, 2018"‘Imploding’: Financial troubles. Lawsuits. Trailer park brawls. Has the alt-right peaked?"''The Washington ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Criminalization
Criminalization or criminalisation, in criminology, is "the process by which behaviors and individuals are transformed into crime and criminals". Previously legal acts may be transformed into crimes by legislation or judicial decision. However, there is usually a formal presumption in the rules of statutory interpretation against the retrospective application of laws, and only the use of express words by the legislature may rebut this presumption. The power of judges to make new law and retrospectively criminalise behaviour is also discouraged. In a less overt way, where laws have not been strictly enforced, the acts prohibited by those laws may also undergo ''de facto'' criminalization through more effective or committed legal enforcement. The process of criminalization takes place through societal institutions including schools, the family, and the criminal justice system. The problems There has been some uncertainty as to the nature and extent of the contribution to be mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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