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BAG3
BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BAG3'' gene. BAG3 is involved in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy. Function BAG proteins compete with Hip-1 for binding to the Hsc70/ Hsp70 ATPase domain and promote substrate release. All the BAG proteins have an approximately 45-amino acid BAG domain near the C terminus but differ markedly in their N-terminal regions. The protein encoded by this gene contains a WW domain in the N-terminal region and a BAG domain in the C-terminal region. The BAG domains of BAG1, BAG2, and BAG3 interact specifically with the Hsc70 ATPase domain ''in vitro'' and in mammalian cells. All 3 proteins bind with high affinity to the ATPase domain of Hsc70 and inhibit its chaperone activity in a Hip-repressible manner. Clinical significance BAG gene has been implicated in age related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. It has been demonstrated that BAG1 and BAG3 regulate the proteas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid resid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WWTR1
WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (WWTR1), also known as Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WWTR1'' gene. WWTR1 acts as a transcriptional coregulator and has no effect on transcription alone. When in complex with transcription factor binding partners, WWTR1 helps promote gene expression in pathways associated with development, cell growth and survival, and inhibiting apoptosis. Aberrant WWTR1 function has been implicated for its role in driving cancers. WWTR1 is often referred to as TAZ due to its initial characterization with the name TAZ. However, WWTR1 (TAZ) is not to be confused with the protein tafazzin, which originally held the official gene symbol TAZ, and is now TAFAZZIN. Structure WWTR1 contains a proline rich region, TEAD binding motif, WW domain, coiled coil region, and a transactivation domain (TAD) containing the PDZ domain-binding motif. WWTR1 (TAZ) lacks a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HER2/neu
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ERBB2'' gene. ERBB is abbreviated from erythroblastic oncogene B, a gene originally isolated from the avian genome. The human protein is also frequently referred to as ''HER2'' (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) or CD340 (cluster of differentiation 340). HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family. But contrary to other member of the ERBB family, HER2 does not directly bind ligand. HER2 activation results from heterodimerization with another ERBB member or by homodimerization when HER2 concentration are high, for instance in cancer. Amplification or over-expression of this oncogene has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of certain aggressive types of breast cancer. In recent years the protein has become an important biomarker and target of therapy for approximately 30% of breast cancer patients. Name '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GIT1
ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GIT1'' gene. GIT1 contains an ARFGAP domain, Anykrin repeats, and a GRK-interacting domain. The Arf-GAP domain, which enables it to act as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the Arf family of GTPases, has been shown to be involved in phosphorylation and inhibition of the ADRB2. If synaptic localization of GIT1 is disturbed, then this is known to affect dendritic spine morphology and formation---this is thought to occur through the Rac1/PAK1/LIMK/CFL1 pathway. Interactions GIT1 has been shown to interact with: * ARHGEF7, * Beta adrenergic receptor kinase, * GIT2, * PCLO, * PLCG1, * PPFIA4 * PTK2, and * liprin-alpha-1 Liprin-alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PPFIA1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the LAR protein tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein (liprin) family. Liprins interact with members of LA .... References Further ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAB1
GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GAB1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the IRS1-like multisubstrate docking protein family. The encoded protein is an important mediator of branching tubulogenesis and plays a central role in cellular growth response, transformation and apoptosis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. GAB1 is involved also in the tonic pAKT activity in malignant B cells, and induces PI3K activation irrespectively of BCR stimulation by antigen. Interactions GAB1 has been shown to interact with: * CRKL, * Grb2, * MAP3K3, * PIK3R1, * PLCG1 and * PTPN11 Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP-1D), Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (PTP-2C) is an enzyme that in huma .... References Further reading ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FLT1
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FLT1'' gene. Function ''FLT1'' is a member of VEGF receptor gene family. It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase which is activated by VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor. The sequence structure of the ''FLT1'' gene resembles that of the ''FMS'' (now '' CSF1R'') gene; hence, Yoshida et al. (1987) proposed the name FLT as an acronym for FMS-like tyrosine kinase. The ablation of VEGFR1 by chemical and genetic means has also recently been found to augment the conversion of white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue as well as increase brown adipose angiogenesis Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, formed in the earlier stage of vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis continues the growth of the vasculature by processes of sprouting and splitting ... in mice. Functional genetic variation in ''FLT1'' (rs9582036) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1 Alpha 1
Elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (eEF1a1) is a translation elongation protein, expressed across eukaryotes. In humans, it is encoded by the ''EEF1A1'' gene. This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha 1) is expressed in brain, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas, and the other isoform (alpha 2) is expressed in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. This isoform is identified as an autoantigen in 66% of patients with Felty's syndrome. This gene has been found to have multiple copies on many chromosomes, some of which, if not all, represent different pseudogenes. Structure Mammalian eEF1A possesses two paralogs, eEF1A1 and eEF1A2, with high amino acid sequence homology (approximately 90% identity). The sequences of their promoter regions are also highly similar, though that of the ''eEF1A2'' gene contains an additional 81 bp SV40 small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is a transmembrane protein that is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF family) of extracellular protein ligands. The epidermal growth factor receptor is a member of the ErbB family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases: EGFR (ErbB-1), HER2/neu (ErbB-2), Her 3 (ErbB-3) and Her 4 (ErbB-4). In many cancer types, mutations affecting EGFR expression or activity could result in cancer. Epidermal growth factor and its receptor was discovered by Stanley Cohen of Vanderbilt University. Cohen shared the 1986 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Rita Levi-Montalcini for their discovery of growth factors. Deficient signaling of the EGFR and other receptor tyrosine kinases in humans is associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's, while over-expression is associated with the development of a wide variety of tumors. Interruption of EGFR signalling, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CISH (gene)
Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CISH'' gene. ''CISH'' orthologs have been identified in most mammals with sequenced genomes. CISH controls T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, and variations of ''CISH'' with certain SNPs are associated with susceptibility to bacteremia, tuberculosis and malaria. ree Text/ref> Function The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a SOCS box domain. The protein thus belongs to the cytokine-induced STAT inhibitor (CIS), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) or STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), protein family. CIS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by IL-2, IL-3, GM-CSF and EPO in hematopoietic cells. Proteasome-mediated degradation of this protein has been shown to be involved in the inactivation of the erythropoietin receptor. CISH is induced by T cell recep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cbl Gene
''Cbl'' (named after Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma) is a mammalian gene encoding the protein CBL which is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination. Mutations to this gene have been implicated in a number of human cancers, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia. Discovery In 1989 a virally encoded portion of the chromosomal mouse ''Cbl'' gene was the first member of the Cbl family to be discovered and was named ''v-Cbl'' to distinguish it from normal mouse ''c-Cbl''. The virus used in the experiment was a mouse-tropic strain of Murine leukemia virus isolated from the brain of a mouse captured at Lake Casitas, California known as ''Cas-Br-M'', and was found to have excised approximately a third of the original ''c-Cbl'' gene from a mouse into which it was injected. Sequencing revealed that the portion carried by the retrovirus encoded a ''tyrosine kinase binding domain'', and that this was the oncogenic form as retroviruses carrying full ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD31
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) also known as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PECAM1'' gene found on chromosome17q23.3. PECAM-1 plays a key role in removing aged neutrophils from the body. Structure PECAM-1 is a highly glycosylated protein with a mass of approximately 130 kDa. The structure of this protein was determined by molecular cloning in 1990, when it was found out that PECAM-1 has N-terminal domain with 574 amino acids, transmembrane domain with 19 amino acids and C-terminal cytoplasmic domain with 118 amino acids. The N-terminal domain consists of six extracellular Ig-like domains. Interactions PECAM-1 is a cell-cell adhesion protein which interacts with other PECAM-1 molecules through homophilic interactions or with non-PECAM-1 molecules through heterophilic interactions''.'' Homophilic interactions between PECAM-1 molecules are mediated by antiparallel interactions between extracellular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
