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Avigdor Cohen
Rabbi Avigdor Hacohen ben Elijah of Vienna (also known as Rabbi Avigdor Cohen Tsedek) (fl. mid-13th century) was the earliest of the great Talmudists of Austria. Biography Rabbi Avigdor Hacohen was the pupil of R. Simha of Speyer (who flourished about 1220), but he knew also R. Joel HaLevi of Bonn (who flourished about 1175). Avigdor lived in Vienna, and from there administered the religious affairs of the Jewish population of Austria. Of his writings, we possess only a commentary on the Pentateuch and the five Megillot, which still exist in manuscript. From various sources, we know that he also wrote Tosafot to the treatise Ketuvot. The most prominent scholars of Germany often applied to him for advice on difficult ritualistic problems, theoretical or practical, and attached great importance to his decisions. He had also distinguished pupils, among whom was the eminent Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg Meir ( he, מֵאִיר) is a Jewish male given name and an occasional surname. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talmudist
The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the centerpiece of Jewish cultural life and was foundational to "all Jewish thought and aspirations", serving also as "the guide for the daily life" of Jews. The term ''Talmud'' normally refers to the collection of writings named specifically the Babylonian Talmud (), although there is also an earlier collection known as the Jerusalem Talmud (). It may also traditionally be called (), a Hebrew abbreviation of , or the "six orders" of the Mishnah. The Talmud has two components: the Mishnah (, 200 CE), a written compendium of the Oral Torah; and the Gemara (, 500 CE), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible. The term "Talmud" may refer to either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. A landlocked country, Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of and has a population of 9 million. Austria emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156 and was later made an archduchy in 1453. In the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the empire's administrative capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy. After the dissolution of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simha Of Speyer
Simḥa ben Samuel of Speyer (13th century) was a German rabbi and tosafist. Neither the year of his birth nor that of his death is known. He was one of the leading signatories of the Takkanot Shumcompare Moses Minz, Responsa, No. 202 He was a nephew of the director ('' parnas'') Kalonymus, a student of R. Eliezer of Metz, and a colleague of Eliezer ben Joel ha-Levi. Simha was the author of the following works: * Commentary on the treatise Horayot (quoted in Tosafot Horayot 4b, s.v. ''Keri'') * Tosafot and novellæ on the Talmud; * ''Seder Olam,'' a work divided into paragraphs and containing decisions, comments on Talmudic passages, and regulations for religious practice (quoted in ''Haggahot Maimoniyyot,'' Ishut 6:14, Tefillah 9). All the responsa and decisions which the earlier authors quote in the name of R. Simḥah were probably taken from this work. * ''Tikkun Shetarot,'' on agreements and documents (quoted in ''Haggahot Maimoniyyot'', Gerushin 4:12) * Sections ("she'arim" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joel Ben Isaac Ha-Levi
Rabbi Yoel ben Isaac ha-Levi ( Hebrew: רבי יואל בן יצחק הלוי; - 1200) also known as Rav Yoel of Bonn was a 12th-century German Tosafist, and the father of Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi. Biography Born in about 1115 in Mainz, Germany, his father Rabbi Yitzchak HaLevi, may have been a minor Rabbi in Mainz. Through his wife, he was related to Samuel ben Natronai. In his early years, Rabbi Yoel studied in Regensburg under Isaac ben Mordecai and Ephraim ben Isaac. It was Ephraim ben Isaac in particular that Rabbi Yoel had an intense exchange with regarding eating abdominal fat. He later spent time in Wuerzburg and Cologne, finally settling in Bonn, where he set up his own yeshiva. His most notable pupils were his son Eliezer and Ephraim of Bonn whom he was related to though his wife. Several of his commentaries have been preserved in "''Sefer ha-Ravyah"'' written by his son, and "''Yihusei Tanna'im va-Amora'im"'' by his one of his teachers, Judah ben Kalonymus. Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
