|
Auditory Phonetics
Auditory phonetics is the branch of phonetics concerned with the hearing of speech sounds and with speech perception. It thus entails the study of the relationships between speech stimuli and a listener's responses to such stimuli as mediated by mechanisms of the peripheral and central auditory systems, including certain areas of the brain. It is said to compose one of the three main branches of phonetics along with acoustic and articulatory phonetics, though with overlapping methods and questions. Physical scales and auditory sensations There is no direct connection between auditory sensations and the physical properties of sound that give rise to them. While the physical (acoustic) properties are objectively measurable, auditory sensations are subjective and can only be studied by asking listeners to report on their perceptions. The table below shows some correspondences between physical properties and auditory sensations. Segmental and suprasegmental Auditory phonetics is con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phonetics
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds or, in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Linguists who specialize in studying the physical properties of speech are phoneticians. The field of phonetics is traditionally divided into three sub-disciplines on questions involved such as how humans plan and execute movements to produce speech (articulatory phonetics), how various movements affect the properties of the resulting sound (acoustic phonetics) or how humans convert sound waves to linguistic information (auditory phonetics). Traditionally, the minimal linguistic unit of phonetics is the phone (phonetics), phone—a speech sound in a language which differs from the phonological unit of phoneme; the phoneme is an abstract categorization of phones and it is also defined as the smallest unit that discerns meaning between sounds in any given language. Phonetics deals with two aspects of human speech: production ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spectrogram
A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time. When applied to an audio signal, spectrograms are sometimes called sonographs, voiceprints, or voicegrams. When the data are represented in a 3D plot they may be called '' waterfall displays''. Spectrograms are used extensively in the fields of music, linguistics, sonar, radar, speech processing, seismology, ornithology, and others. Spectrograms of audio can be used to identify spoken words phonetically, and to analyse the various calls of animals. A spectrogram can be generated by an optical spectrometer, a bank of band-pass filters, by Fourier transform or by a wavelet transform (in which case it is also known as a scaleogram or scalogram). A spectrogram is usually depicted as a heat map, i.e., as an image with the intensity shown by varying the colour or brightness. Format A common format is a graph with two geometric dimensions: one axis represents time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acoustic Phonetics
Acoustic phonetics is a subfield of phonetics, which deals with acoustic aspects of speech sounds. Acoustic phonetics investigates time domain features such as the mean squared amplitude of a waveform, its duration, its fundamental frequency, or frequency domain features such as the frequency spectrum, or even combined spectrotemporal features and the relationship of these properties to other branches of phonetics (e.g. articulatory or auditory phonetics), and to abstract linguistic concepts such as phonemes, phrases, or utterances. The study of acoustic phonetics was greatly enhanced in the late 19th century by the invention of the Edison phonograph. The phonograph allowed the speech signal to be recorded and then later processed and analyzed. By replaying the same speech signal from the phonograph several times, filtering it each time with a different band-pass filter, a spectrogram of the speech utterance could be built up. A series of papers by Ludimar Hermann publishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
INTSINT
INTSINT is an acronym for INternational Transcription System for INTonation. It was originally developed by Daniel Hirst in his 1987 thesis as a prosodic equivalent of the International Phonetic Alphabet, and the INTSINT alphabet was subsequently used in Hirst & Di Cristo (eds) 1998 in just over half of the chapters. Description INTSINT codes the intonation of an utterance by means of an alphabet of 8 discrete symbols constituting a surface phonological representation of the intonation: ::T (Top), H (Higher), U (Upstepped), S (Same), M (mid), D (Downstepped), L (Lower), B (Bottom). These tonal symbols are considered ''phonological'' in that they represent discrete categories and ''surface'' since each tonal symbol corresponds to a directly observable property of the speech signal. Tonal alignment The tones can be aligned with phonological constituents by means of the following alignment diacritics following the tonal symbol: :: (initial), (late), (final) The relevant phonolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ToBI
Tobi may refer to: Palau * Tobi (island), island in the Palauan state of Hatohobei * Tobian language, the language of Tobi * Hatohobei, an island and the southernmost of Palau's sixteen states Media and entertainment * ''Tobi!'', a 2009 television series * ''Tobi'' (film), a 1978 Spanish comedy * TOBi, Nigerian-Canadian rapper and singer * Tobi (Naruto), the alias of Obito Uchiha, one of the primary antagonists in the anime and manga series ''Naruto Shippuden'' Other uses * Tobi (given name), a unisex name * Tobi (month), in the Coptic calendar * A brand name for the medication tobramycin, an antibiotic * ToBI, a standard for transcribing English intonation * ''Tobi shokunin'' or tobi for short; construction workers in Japan ** Tobi trousers, the typical piece of clothing of ''tobi shokunin'' * Texas Oilman's Bass Invitational (TOBI) See also * Tobias * Toby (other) * Tubi Tubi (stylized as tubi) is an American over-the-top ad-supported streamin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Jones (phonetician)
Daniel Jones (12 September 1881 – 4 December 1967) was a British phonetician who studied under Paul Passy, professor of phonetics at the École des Hautes Études at the Sorbonne (University of Paris). He was head of the department of phonetics at University College London. Biography In 1900, Jones studied briefly at William Tilly's Marburg Language Institute in Germany, where he was first introduced to phonetics. In 1903, he received his BA degree in mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and by right his MA in 1907. From 1905 to 1906, he studied in Paris under Paul Passy, who was one of the founders of the International Phonetic Association, and in 1911, he married Passy's niece Cyrille Motte. He briefly took private lessons from the British phonetician Henry Sweet. In 1907, he became a part-time lecturer at the University College London and was afterwards appointed to a full-time position. In 1912, he became the head of the Department of Phonetics and was appoin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dennis Fry
Dennis Butler Fry (3 November 1907 – 21 March 1983) was a British linguist and Professor of Experimental Phonetics at University College London. Through experiments he conducted in the 1950s and 1960s, Fry demonstrated that lexical stress correlated with loudness, pitch, and duration of the affected vowel. Books * Fry, D.B. (ed.) (1976). ''Acoustic phonetics: a course of basic readings''. Cambridge: CUP * Fry, D.B. (1977). ''Homo loquens: man as a talking animal''. Cambridge: CUP * Fry, D.B. (1979). ''The physics of speech''. Cambridge: CUP * Fry, D.B. and Kostić, Đ. (1939). ''A Serbo-Croat phonetic reader''. London: University of London Press * Whetnall, E. and Fry, D.B. (1964). ''The deaf child''. London: Heinemann * Whetnall, E. and Fry, D.B. (1970). ''Learning to hear''. London: Heinemann See also *Daniel Jones (phonetician) *A. C. Gimson Alfred Charles "Gim" Gimson (; 7 June 1917 – 22 April 1985) was an English phonetician. Life Gimson was educated at Emanuel Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Uldall
Elizabeth Theodora Uldall (; née Anderson; 30 November 1913 – 23 June 2004) was an American linguist and phonetician, who taught at the University of Edinburgh. Born in Kearney, Nebraska, she studied at Barnard College, New York and later went to London to study phonetics with Daniel Jones. Here she met Danish linguist Hans Jørgen Uldall, another student of Jones, and the two married. During World War II the couple worked for the British Council in locations such as Athens, Baghdad, Cairo and Alexandria. She joined the faculty of the University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh (, ; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals) is a Public university, public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Founded by the City of Edinburgh Council, town council under th ... in 1949. There she produced some of the earliest video recordings of the vibrating vocal folds, using herself as a subject. She also worked on the intonation and rhythm of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal Vowels
Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages. They are classified depending on the position of the tongue relative to the roof of the mouth, how far forward or back is the highest point of the tongue, and the position of the lips (rounded or unrounded). A cardinal vowel is a vowel sound produced when the tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low. The current system was systematised by Daniel Jones in the early 20th century, though the idea goes back to earlier phoneticians, notably Ellis and Bell. Table of cardinal vowels Three of the cardinal vowels—, and —have articulatory definitions. The vowel is produced with the tongue as far forward and as high in the mouth as is possible (without producing friction), with spread lips. The vowel is produced with the tongue as far back and as high in the mouth as is possible, with protruded lips. This sound can be approximated by adopting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Pilch
Herbert Pilch (13 February 1927 – 19 April 2018) was a German linguist and celtologist. He was a professor of English language and literature at the University of Freiburg. His contributions to linguistics included a theory of phonemes and studies of Basel German. His main work is the ''Manual of English Phonetics''. In 2008 he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (, or , BVO) is the highest state decoration, federal decoration of the Federal Republic of Germany. It may be awarded for any field of endeavor. It was created by the first List of president .... Works * ''Phonemtheorie'' (Basel 1964) * ''Empirical Linguistics'' (Munich 1976) * ''Manual of English Phonetics'' (Munich 1994) * ''Altenglischer Lehrgang + Altenglische Grammatik'' (Munich 1970) * ''Sound, Sense, and System. Herbert Pilch and Postwar German Studies in English Linguistics'' (1955–1985) (Heidelberg 1987) * ''Die keltisch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenneth L
Kenneth is a given name A given name (also known as a forename or first name) is the part of a personal name quoted in that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a f ... of Gaelic origin. The name is an Anglicised form of two entirely different Gaelic personal names: ''Cainnech'' and '' Cináed''. The modern Gaelic form of ''Cainnech'' is ''Coinneach''; the name was derived from a byname meaning "handsome", "comely". Etymology The second part of the name ''Cinaed'' is derived either from the Celtic ''*aidhu'', meaning "fire", or else Brittonic ''jʉ:ð'' meaning "lord". People Fictional characters * Kenneth Widmerpool, character in Anthony Powell's novel sequence ''A Dance to the Music of Time'' * Kenneth Parcell from 30 Rock Places In the United States: * Kenneth, Minnesota * Kenneth City, Florida In Scotland: * Inch Kenneth, an island off the west coast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialectology
Dialectology (from Ancient Greek, Greek , ''dialektos'', "talk, dialect"; and , ''-logy, -logia'') is the scientific study of dialects: subsets of languages. Though in the 19th century a branch of historical linguistics, dialectology is often now considered a sub-field of, or subsumed by, sociolinguistics. It studies variations in language based primarily on geographic distribution and their associated features. Dialectology deals with such topics as divergence of two local dialects from a common ancestor and Historical_linguistics#Diachronic_and_synchronic_analysis, synchronic variation. Dialectologists are ultimately concerned with grammatical, lexical and phonological features that correspond to regional areas. Thus they usually deal not only with populations that have lived in certain areas for generations, but also with migrant groups that bring their languages to new areas (see language contact). Commonly studied concepts in dialectology include the problem of mutual intellig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
