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Atracotoxin
Atracotoxin may refer to: * δ-Atracotoxin ( robustoxin or versutoxin) * ω-Atracotoxin {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delta-Atracotoxin
Delta atracotoxin (δ-ACTX-Ar1, robustoxin, or robustotoxin) is a low-molecular-weight neurotoxic polypeptide found in the venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider (''Atrax robustus''). Delta atracotoxin produces potentially fatal neurotoxic symptoms in primates, by slowing the inactivation of sodium ion channels in autonomic and motor neurons. In the spiders' intended insect prey, the toxin exerts this same activity upon potassium and calcium ion channels. The structure of atracotoxin comprises a core beta region with a cystine knot motif, a feature seen in other neurotoxic polypeptides. History Since 1927, records are kept of envenomations of humans by the Sydney funnel-web spider, and 14 deaths have been reported in medical literature between 1927 and 1981, when the antivenom became available. In all cases in which the sex of the spider was determined, death occurred after a bite from a male spider. Structure Delta atracotoxin is a 42-residue peptide toxin with the chemi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robustoxin
Delta atracotoxin (δ-ACTX-Ar1, robustoxin, or robustotoxin) is a low- molecular-weight neurotoxic polypeptide found in the venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider (''Atrax robustus''). Delta atracotoxin produces potentially fatal neurotoxic symptoms in primates, by slowing the inactivation of sodium ion channels in autonomic and motor neurons. In the spiders' intended insect prey, the toxin exerts this same activity upon potassium and calcium ion channels. The structure of atracotoxin comprises a core beta region with a cystine knot motif, a feature seen in other neurotoxic polypeptides. History Since 1927, records are kept of envenomations of humans by the Sydney funnel-web spider, and 14 deaths have been reported in medical literature between 1927 and 1981, when the antivenom became available. In all cases in which the sex of the spider was determined, death occurred after a bite from a male spider. Structure Delta atracotoxin is a 42-residue peptide toxin with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Versutoxin
Delta hexatoxin Hv1 (''δ''-HXTX-Hv1a, Versutoxin, or Versutotoxin, formerly known as Delta atracotoxin Hv1 and ''δ''-ACTX-Hv1a) is a neurotoxic component found in the venom of the Australian funnel web spider (''Atrax robustus''). Delta hexatoxin Hv1 can result in fatality for primates, by downregulating the inactivation of voltage gated sodium ion channels (VGSCs) found in motor neurons. The structure of versutoxin contains a central beta region with a cystine knot motif, commonly found in other neurotoxic polypeptides, but not found in sea anemone or alpha-scorpion toxins despite their similar effects in terms of sodium channel modulation. Nomenclature In 1997, Jamie I. Fletcher and his research associates introduced new nomenclature for classifying Australian funnel web spider toxins. They suggested replacing the trivial name 'versutoxin' with delta-hexatoxin-Hv1 instead. The delta represents the main biological activity of the neurotoxin; inhibiting sodium channel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |