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Atkinson Ministry, 1887–91
Sir Harry Albert Atkinson (1 November 1831 – 28 June 1892) served as the tenth Prime Minister of New Zealand, premier of New Zealand on four separate occasions in the late 19th century, and was Minister of Finance (New Zealand), Colonial Treasurer for a total of ten years. He was responsible for guiding the country during a time of economic recession, depression, and was known as a cautious and prudent manager of government finances, though distrusted for some policies such as his 1882 National Insurance (welfare) scheme and leasehold land schemes. He also participated in the formation of voluntary military units to fight in the New Zealand Wars, and was noted for his strong belief in the need for seizure of Māori people, Māori land. Early life Atkinson, born in 1831 in the English village of Broxton, Cheshire, received his education in England, but chose at the age of 22 to follow his elder brother William to New Zealand. He was accompanied by his brother Arthur Atkinson ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Honourable
''The Honourable'' (Commonwealth English) or ''The Honorable'' (American English; American and British English spelling differences#-our, -or, see spelling differences) (abbreviation: ''Hon.'', ''Hon'ble'', or variations) is an honorific Style (manner of address), style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people, usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions. Use by governments International diplomacy In international diplomatic relations, representatives of foreign states are often styled as ''The Honourable''. Deputy chiefs of mission, , consuls-general, consuls and honorary consuls are always given the style. All heads of consular posts, whether they are honorary or career postholders, are accorded the style according to the State Department of the United States. However, the style ''Excellency'' instead of ''The Honourable'' is used for ambassadors and high commissioners only. Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo In the Democrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Atkinson (politician, Born 1833)
Arthur Samuel Atkinson (20 October 1833 – 10 December 1902) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament from the Taranaki Region, New Zealand. Biography He represented the Omata electorate from the to 1867, when he resigned. He had not been elected for in the . He was a brother of Premier Harry Atkinson, and part of the Richmond–Atkinson family. He married Jane Maria Richmond in 1854. He later moved to Nelson, and became a lawyer. He studied Māori people Māori () are the Indigenous peoples of Oceania, indigenous Polynesians, Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand. Māori originated with settlers from East Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of Māori migration canoes, c ..., languages and natural sciences. He died at Fairfield, the house that he had built in 1872. References 1833 births 1902 deaths New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives Atkinson–Hursthouse� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Wars
The New Zealand Wars () took place from 1845 to 1872 between the Colony of New Zealand, New Zealand colonial government and allied Māori people, Māori on one side, and Māori and Māori-allied settlers on the other. Though the wars were initially localised conflicts triggered by tensions over disputed land purchases (by European settlers from Māori), they escalated dramatically from 1860 as the government became convinced it was facing united Māori resistance to further land sales and a refusal to acknowledge The Crown, Crown sovereignty. The colonial government summoned thousands of British troops to mount major campaigns to overpower the Māori King Movement, Kīngitanga (Māori King) movement and also conquest of farming and residential land for British settlers. Later campaigns were aimed at quashing the Pai Mārire religious and political movement, which was strongly opposed to the conquest of Māori land and eager to strengthen Māori identity. Religion of Māori people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recession
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a period of broad decline in economic activity. Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock). This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, an external trade shock, an adverse supply shock, the bursting of an economic bubble, or a large-scale Anthropogenic hazard, anthropogenic or natural disaster (e.g. a pandemic). There is no official definition of a recession, according to the International Monetary Fund, IMF. In the United States, a recession is defined as "a significant decline in economic activity spread across the market, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales." The European Union has adopted a similar definition. In the United Kingdom and Canada, a recession is defined as negative economic growth for two consecutive qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Finance (New Zealand)
The minister of Finance (), originally known as colonial treasurer, is a minister and the head of the New Zealand Treasury, responsible for producing an annual New Zealand budget outlining the government's proposed expenditure. The position is often considered to be the most important cabinet post after that of the prime minister. The current Minister of Finance is Nicola Willis. There are currently three associate minister roles held by Chris Bishop, David Seymour, and Shane Jones. Responsibilities and powers One of the Minister of Finance's key roles involves the framing of the annual year budget. According to Parliament's Standing Orders, the Minister of Finance may veto any parliamentary bill which would have a significant impact on the government's budget plans. The Minister of Finance supervises the Treasury, which is the government's primary advisor on matters of economic and financial policy. As such, the Minister of Finance has broad control of the governme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taranaki Regiment
The Taranaki Regiment was a territorial infantry regiment of the New Zealand Army, New Zealand Military Forces. The regiment traced its origins to the Taranaki Volunteer Rifle Company, a Volunteer Force (New Zealand), volunteer corps formed in 1858 and which saw service in the New Zealand Wars. The volunteer corps also provided men to the New Zealand contingents sent to South Africa during the Second Boer War and in 1911 became the 11th Regiment (Taranaki Rifles). During the First World War, the regiment provided a company to each of the battalions of the Wellington Infantry Regiment (NZEF), Wellington Infantry Regiment and saw combat at Gallipoli Campaign, Galipolli and on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front. After the war the regiment was renamed the Taranaki Regiment and remained in New Zealand for home defense during the Second World War. Men from the regiment, however, served with the 19th Battalion (New Zealand), 19th, 22nd Battalion (New Zealand), 22nd, 25th Battal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colony Of New Zealand
The Colony of New Zealand was a colony of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom from 1841 to 1907. British authority was vested in a List of governors-general of New Zealand, governor. The colony had Capital of New Zealand, three successive capitals: Okiato (or Old Russell) in 1841; Auckland from 1841 to 1865; and Wellington from 1865. Following the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, the colony became a Crown colony with its first elected parliament in 1853. Responsible self-government was established in 1856 with the governor being required to act on the advice of his Ministers in the New Zealand Government, ministers. In 1907, the colony became the Dominion of New Zealand within the British Empire. History Establishment Following the extension of the boundaries of New South Wales in January 1840 by Governor Gipps to include New Zealand, William Hobson left Sydney for New Zealand. The Treaty of Waitangi—between Māori chiefs and British repre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Richmond (teacher)
Mary Elizabeth Richmond (30 August 1853 – 3 July 1949) was a New Zealand community leader, teacher and writer. She was born in New Plymouth, New Zealand in 1853. Her parents were William Richmond and Emily Elizabeth Atkinson. From 1884 until 1890, Richmond was a teacher at Wellington Girls' High School. In 1898 she opened a private school in Wellington for children from kindergarten to preparatory level, which she operated until 1911. In 1905 she founded the free kindergarten movement in Wellington; the first of the Richmond Kindergarten Schools was opened in 1906. She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1949 New Year Honours for services in education and welfare work. She died later that year in Wellington, was cremated, and had her ashes buried at Karori Cemetery Karori Cemetery is the second-largest cemetery in New Zealand. It opened in 1891, and is located in the Wellington suburb of Karori. History Karori Cemetery opened in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harry Atkinson (socialist)
Harry Albert Atkinson (15 October 1867 – 21 January 1956) was a New Zealand engineer, socialist and insurance agent. He was born in Urenui, Taranaki, New Zealand on 15 October 1867, and was educated at Nelson College Nelson College is the oldest state secondary school in New Zealand, a feat achieved in part thanks to its original inception as a private school. It is an all-boys school in the City of Nelson that teaches from years 9 to 13. In addition, it r ....''Nelson College Old Boys' Register, 1856–2006'', 6th edition References 1867 births 1956 deaths New Zealand socialists People educated at Nelson College 20th-century New Zealand engineers 19th-century New Zealand engineers Atkinson–Hursthouse–Richmond family Colony of New Zealand people {{NewZealand-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Atkinson (politician, Born 1863)
Arthur Alfred Richmond Atkinson (5 August 1863 – 26 March 1935) was a New Zealand barrister and solicitor, Member of Parliament and Wellington City Councillor. Early life and family Atkinson was born in New Plymouth, New Zealand, in 1872, the son of Arthur Atkinson and Jane Maria Richmond. On his father's side he was the nephew of Harry Atkinson. On his mother's side he was the nephew of (Christopher) William Richmond, James Crowe Richmond and Henry Richmond. In 1900, he married temperance and women's suffrage campaigner Lily May Kirk in Wellington. After the death of his wife in 1921, Atkinson remarried Emma Maud Banfield, a nursing educator awarded the Royal Red Cross in 1917, in London in 1923. He was educated at Nelson College in New Zealand and Clifton College in England. After studying at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Atkinson was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1887, before returning to New Zealand the same year. Legal career After a period working in l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monica Brewster
Monica Romaine Brewster (née Govett; 10 February 1886 – 13 December 1973) was a New Zealand arts patron and women's rights advocate. She is best known as the founding benefactor of the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery. Early life Born on 10 February 1886 in New Plymouth, New Zealand, she was the youngest of four daughters. Her father was Clement Govett, barrister and founder of the Govett-Quilliam law firm. Her paternal grandfather was Henry Govett, vicar of St Mary's Church and first archdeacon of Taranaki. Her mother was Frances Elizabeth Atkinson. Brewster's maternal grandfather was Harry Atkinson, Premier of New Zealand for five terms during 1876 to 1891. She attended Wanganui Girls' College, and Chetwode School in New Plymouth. She married Rex Carrington Brewster at Wanganui on 21 September 1920. A doctor, he had served as a medical officer with the New Zealand Medical Corps in Palestine during World War I, and was awarded the Military Cross in February 1918. His grandfathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torchy Atkinson
John Dunstan "Torchy" Atkinson (3 March 1909 – 27 February 1990) was a New Zealand horticultural scientist and scientific administrator. Atkinson was born in Wellington, New Zealand on 3 March 1909. His father was the solicitor Arnold Atkinson (1874–1917), and his mother was Mary Herrick Atkinson (née Hursthouse). He was known as Duncan by his family, but friends and colleagues almost all referred to him as Torchy for his red hair, and the name stuck even after he had turned grey. New Zealand's tenth Prime Minister of New Zealand, Premier, Sir Harry Atkinson, was his grandfather. Atkinson wrote his master's thesis at Massey University in 1932 with the title ''Studies on the dieback of lacebarks, Myxosporium hoheria. n.f.sp''. He was the director of Fruit Research Station of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Zealand), Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), and later the director of the Plant Diseases Division. His research has contr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
