|
Asteristion Alboolivaceum
''Asteristion'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species. Previously considered a synonym (taxonomy), synonym of either ''Phaeotrema'' or ''Thelotrema'', molecular phylogenetics, molecular evidence led to its resurrection as a distinct genus. ''Asteristion'' lichens are corticolous lichen, corticolous (bark-dwelling), featuring a continuous thallus with a loose to hardened and a containing calcium oxalate crystals. The , or fruiting bodies, are characterized by their large, often appearance and the presence of distinct . The secondary metabolism, secondary chemistry of these lichens includes major concentrations of stictic acid and minor to trace amounts of associated substances. Taxonomy ''Asteristion'' belongs to the tribe (biology), tribe Wirthiotremateae in the family Graphidaceae. This tribe, revised in 2017 to account for newly clarified phylogenetic relationships, contains the genera ''Wirthiotrema'', ''Austrotrema'', ''Asteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leight
Leight is a surname. Notable persons with that surname include: * Mary Ann Leight Harris (born 1939), née Leight, American former field hockey player and coach * Valentine Leight (1837–?), builder and owner of the Valentine Leight General Store, which is on the National Register of Historic Places * Warren Leight (born 1957), Tony Award-winning playwright See also * Leicht (surname) *Light (other) *Light (surname) Light is a surname. Etymology Coming from Middle English, there are several possible meanings. In Middle English, lyght means a happy, cheerful person. The Old English leoht could be a person who is ‘bright’ or ‘cheerful’. The two form ... * Lyght (surname) * Licht (surname) * Lite * Lyte (surname) * Lyte (other) {{surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thallus
Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissues into organs. Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thalloidal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose. Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts ( leaves, roots, and stems) as do the vascular plants, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular "equivalents". The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure; for example, no thallus has vascular tissue. In exceptional cases such as the Lemnoideae, where th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prothallus
A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin ''pro'' = forwards and Greek ''θαλλος'' (''thallos'') = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae. The prothallus develops from a germinating spore. It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs. Alternation of generations Spore-bearing plants, like all plants, go through a life-cycle of alternation of generations. The fully grown sporophyte, what is commonly referred to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Complex
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as plant variety (botany), varieties), which may be a complex ranking but it is not a species complex. In most cases, a specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological Type (biology), type wiktionary:en:specimen, specimen (or specimens). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name with that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Section (biology)
In biology a section () is a taxonomic rank that is applied differently in botany and zoology. In botany Within flora (plants), 'section' refers to a ''botanical'' rank below the genus, but above the species: * Domain > Kingdom > Division > Class > Order > Family > Tribe > Genus > Subgenus > Section > Subsection > Species In zoology Within fauna (animals), 'section' refers to an uncommonly used ''zoological'' rank below the order, but above the family: * Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Section > Family > Tribe > Genus > Species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ... The rank of Superfamily is commonly adopted instead. In bacteriology The International Code of Nomenclature for Bacteria states that the Section rank is an informal one, between the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadvornikia
''Nadvornikia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. Species in the genus are corticolous (bark-dwelling) and crustose. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1984 by lichenologist Leif Tibell, with '' N. hawaiensis'' assigned as the type species. ''Nadvornikia'' is a replacement name for ''Stephanophoron'', which was published illegitimately by Czech lichenologist Josef Nádvorník in 1942 (because the fungal genus ''Stephanophorus'' already occupied that name). The genus name pays tribute to Nádvorník (1906–1977), the first to recognize the type species of this genus as representing a distinct evolutionary lineage, separate from other similar lichens. Description ''Nadvornikia'' species have a continuous, epiperidermal thallus. The surface of the thallus can be smooth or uneven, and no prothallus is present. The , which is absent or loosely arranged, features an irregular with '' Trentepohlia'' green algal cells and calcium oxalate crystal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrotrema
''Austrotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It is primarily found in the Australian-Southeast Asian region. The genus is characterized by small, pore-like with a double margin, faintly amyloid ascospores, and stictic acid chemistry. ''Austrotrema'' species grow on tree bark and have a continuous thallus with a that is –featuring densely packed, filamentous fungal hyphae that run parallel to the surface of the lichen, creating a compact and firm texture. The genus is closely related to ''Thelotrema'' and '' Leucodecton'', but can be distinguished from them based on molecular phylogenetic data, specific morphological traits, and its secondary chemistry. Currently, ''Austrotrema'' comprises three species. Taxonomy ''Austrotrema'' was circumscribed by lichenologists Ian Medeiros, Robert Lücking, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch in 2017. The genus was created to accommodate the three species of the ''Thelotrema bicinctulum'' species complex, which m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wirthiotrema
''Wirthiotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2010 by Eimy Rivas Plata, Klaus Kalb, Andreas Frisch, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch, with '' Wirthiotrema glaucopallens'' assigned as the type species. ''Wirthiotrema'' contains species that were formerly considered part of the ''Thelotrema glaucopallens'' species group. The genus name honours lichenologist Volkmar Wirth, "for his numerous outstanding contributions to lichenology". Characteristics of genus ''Wirthiotrema'' include thalli and apothecia that similar to those in genus '' Myriotrema'', in combination with a paraplectenchymatous excipulum (i.e., made of a fungal tissue with a cellular structure superficially like parenchyma of vascular plants), ascospores that are non-reactive with iodine-based stains, and the presence of stictic acid as a major secondary compound. Other compounds present in minor amounts include acetylconstictic acid, constictic acid, and co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family and subfamily. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes. By convention, all taxa ranked above species are capitalized, including both tribe and subtribe. In zoology, the standard ending for the name of a zoological tribe is "-ini". Examples include the tribes Caprini (goat-antelopes), Hominini (hominins), Bombini (bumblebees), and Thunnini (tunas). The tribe Hominini is divided into subtribes by some scientists; subtribe Hominina then comprises "humans". The standard ending for the name of a zoological subtribe is "-ina". In botany, the standard ending for the name of a botanical tribe is "-eae". Examples include the tribes Acalypheae and Hyacintheae. The tribe Hyacintheae is divided into subtribes, including the subtribe Massoniinae. The standard ending for the name of a botanical subtribe is "-inae". In bacteriology, the form of tribe names is as in botany, e.g., Pseudomonadeae, based on the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
