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Association Des Juristes Maliennes
The Association des Juristes Maliennes (AJM), or Association of Women Jurists of Mali, is an organization which tries to promote and protect women's rights in Malian law. An apolitical organization, the AJM's membership consists of around fifty women lawyers, solicitors, magistrates and judges. It is a member organization of Groupe Pivot / Droits et Citoyenneté des Femmes (GP/DCF). Fatoumata Dembélé Diarra is a past president. History The AJM was officially established in 1988. In the 1990s it used funding from international aid agencies to provide mobile legal clinics to rural women in Mali, and broadcast a radio program, 'La Voix des Femmes'. AJM lawyers, with the help of the American Embassy, published a 1995 study of discriminatory elements in Malian law, The study was "a major impetus for altering discriminatory articles in the law". In November 2014, the AJM reported over 150 victims of forced marriage and sexual violence. Six organizations, including the AJM, filed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others, they are ignored and suppressed. They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys.Hosken, Fran P., 'Towards a Definition of Women's Rights' in ''Human Rights Quarterly'', Vol. 3, No. 2. (May 1981), pp. 1–10. Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include the right to bodily integrity and autonomy, to be free from sexual violence, to vote, to hold public office, to enter into legal contracts, to have equal rights in family law, to work, to fair wages or equal pay, to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groupe Pivot / Droits Et Citoyenneté Des Femmes
A group is a military unit or a military formation that is most often associated with military aviation. Air and aviation groups The terms group and wing differ significantly from one country to another, as well as between different branches of a national defence force. Air groups vary considerably in size and status, but generally take two forms: * A unit of two to four squadrons, commanded by a lieutenant colonel, colonel, commander, naval captain or an equivalent rank. The United States Air Force (USAF), ''groupes'' of the French '' Armée de l'air'', ''gruppen'' of the German '' Luftwaffe'', United States Marine Corps Aviation, British Fleet Air Arm and some other naval air services usually follow this pattern. * A larger formation, often comprising more than 10 squadrons, commanded by a major general, brigadier general, commodore, rear admiral, air commodore or air vice-marshal. The air forces of many Commonwealth countries, such as the British Royal Air Forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatoumata Dembélé Diarra
Fatoumata Dembélé Diarra (born 15 February 1949 in Koulikoro) is a Malian lawyer and judge. She has been a judge for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and has been a judge of the International Criminal Court since 2003. Dembélé Diarra received a Bachelor of Laws from Dakar University and a Master of Laws from the (national college of public administration). She is also a graduate of the École Nationale de la Magistrature in Paris. In Mali, she has been an examining magistrate, the president of the country's Assize Court, the president of the Criminal Chamber of the Bamako Appeals Court, and the national director of the Justice Department of Mali. Prior to being elected a judge of the ICC, Dembélé Diarra was a judge for the ICTY. In 2003, she was elected as one of the first judges of the ICC. Diarra's term expires in 2012. In 2009, Dembélé Diarra was serving as the First Vice-President of the ICC under the president Sang-Hyun Song. Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Aid Agencies
An aid agency, also known as development charity, is an organization dedicated to distributing aid. Many professional aid organisations exist, both within government, between governments as multilateral donors and as private voluntary organizations or non-governmental organisations. The International Committee of the Red Cross is the world’s second oldest humanitarian organisation and is unique in being mandated by international treaty to uphold the Geneva Conventions. The Sovereign Order of Malta, established in 1099 as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, has an unbroken tradition of over 900 years of hospitaller activities, continuing to this day. Even in its modern guise under international law, it was recognized at the Congress of Verona of 1822, and since 1834 headquartered in Palazzo Malta in Rome, decades before the Red Cross. Aid can be subdivided into two categories: humanitarian aid (emergency relief efforts, e.g. in response to natural disasters), and development aid ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women In Mali
The status and social roles of women in Mali have been formed by the complex interplay of a variety of traditions in ethnic communities, the rise and fall of the great Sahelien states, French colonial rule, independence, urbanisation, and postcolonial conflict and progress. Forming just less than half Mali's population, Malian women have sometimes been the center of matrilineal societies, but have always been crucial to the economic and social structure of this largely rural, agricultural society. In addition, their role has been shaped by the conflicts over religion, as animist societies gave way gradually to Islam in the 1100–1900 period. In recent years, the rise of religious fundamentalism has posed a threat to women's wellbeing. Contemporary problems faced by women in Mali include high rate of violence against women, child marriage and female genital mutilation. Cultural background Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa. It obtained independence from France in 196 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Marriage
Forced marriage is a marriage in which one or more of the parties is married without their consent or against their will. A marriage can also become a forced marriage even if both parties enter with full consent if one or both are later forced to stay in the marriage against their will. A forced marriage differs from an arranged marriage, in which both parties presumably consent to the assistance of their parents or a third party such as a matchmaker in finding and choosing a spouse. There is often a continuum of coercion used to compel a marriage, ranging from outright physical violence to subtle psychological pressure. Though now widely condemned by international opinion, forced marriages still take place in various cultures across the world, particularly in parts of South Asia and Africa. Some scholars object to use of the term "forced marriage" because it invokes the consensual legitimating language of marriage (such as husband/wife) for an experience that is precise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual Violence
Sexual violence is any sexual act or attempt to obtain a sexual act by violence or coercion, act to traffic a person, or act directed against a person's sexuality, regardless of the relationship to the victim.World Health Organization., World report on violence and health (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002), Chapter 6, pp. 149. lements of Crimes, Article 7(1)(g)-6 Crimes against humanity of sexual violence, elements 1. Accessed through /ref> It occurs in times of peace and armed conflict situations, is widespread, and is considered to be one of the most traumatic, pervasive, and most common human rights violations. Sexual violence is a serious public health problem and has a profound short or long-term impact on physical and mental health, such as an increased risk of sexual and reproductive health problems, an increased risk of suicide or HIV infection. Murder occurring either during a sexual assault or as a result of an honor killing in response to a sexual assault ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mali War
{{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Mali War , partof = the Islamist insurgency in the Sahel and the War on terror , image = MaliWar.svg , image_size = 380 , caption = Military situation in Mali (2022). For a detailed map, see here. , date = 16 January 2012 – present({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=01, day1=16, year1=2012) , place = Northern Mali , result = Ongoing * The Tuareg rebellion began driving government forces out of Northern Mali in January 2012 * Malian president Amadou Toumani Touré is ousted in a coup d'état led by Amadou Sanogo{{cite news, title=Mali rebels claim to have ousted regime in coup, url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/22/mali-rebels-coup, work=The Guardian, date=22 March 2012, location=London, first=Afua, last= Hirsch * Northern Mali completely captured by rebels by April 2012, "Independent State of Azawad" declared by the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association For Women's Rights In Development
The Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID), formerly the Association for Women in Development, is an international feminist membership and movement support organization committed to achieving gender equality, sustainable development and women's human rights. It was established in 1982 as a U.S.-based association focused on promoting dialogue on women in development issues among academics, policy makers and development professionals. AWID stands for a progressive intersectional feminism, and works to defend the international and regional human rights systems. The co-executive directors are Hakima Abbas and Cindy Clark. Activities AWID was founded in 1982, toward the end of the United Nations Decade for Women, as a U.S.-based association focused on promoting dialogue on women in development issues among academics, policy makers and development professionals, i.e. staff in the large development organizations. A dynamic network of women and men around the world ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Establishments In Mali
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian Bicentenary, Bicentennial on January 26; The 1988 Summer Olympics are held in Seoul, South Korea; Soviet Union, Soviet troops begin their Soviet-Afghan War, withdrawal from Afghanistan, which is completed the 1989, next year; The 1988 Armenian earthquake kills between 25,000-50,000 people; The 8888 Uprising in Myanmar, led by students, protests the Burma Socialist Programme Party; A bomb explodes on Pan Am Flight 103, causing the plane to crash down on the town of Lockerbie, Scotland- the event kills 270 people., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 Piper Alpha rect 200 0 400 200 Iran Air Flight 655 rect 400 0 600 200 Australian Bicentenary rect 0 200 300 400 Pan Am Flight 103 rect 300 200 600 400 1988 Summer Olympics rect 0 400 200 600 8888 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Organisations Based In Mali
A woman is an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or adolescent). The plural ''women'' is sometimes used in certain phrases such as "women's rights" to denote female humans regardless of age. Typically, women inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and are capable of pregnancy and giving birth from puberty until menopause. More generally, sex differentiation of the female fetus is governed by the lack of a present, or functioning, SRY-gene on either one of the respective sex chromosomes. Female anatomy is distinguished from male anatomy by the female reproductive system, which includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva. A fully developed woman generally has a wider pelvis, broader hips, and larger breasts than an adult man. Women have significantly less facial and other body hair, have a higher body fat composition, and are on average shorter and less muscular than men. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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