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Assassination Of Bachir Gemayel
On 14 September 1982, a bomb was detonated during a meeting of the right-wing Christian Kataeb Party (also known as the ''Phalanges'') in the Beirut neighborhood of Achrafieh. Militia commander and Lebanese president-elect Bachir Gemayel and 23 other Kataeb Party politicians were killed in the blast. The attack was carried out by Habib Shartouni and allegedly planned by Nabil Alam, both members of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP). Both men were believed to have acted on instructions of the Syrian government led by president Hafez al-Assad. The next day, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) moved to occupy the city, allowing members of the Lebanese Forces militia under the command of Elie Hobeika to enter the centrally located Sabra neighborhood and adjoining Shatila refugee camp. Militia members then massacred between 1,300 and 3,500 civilians, mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shia Muslims, causing an international uproar. Background Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982. Def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War ( ) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 150,000 fatalities and led to the exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon. The religious diversity of the Lebanese people played a notable role in the lead-up to and during the conflict: Lebanese Christians and Lebanese Sunni Muslims comprised the majority in the coastal cities; Lebanese Shia Muslims were primarily based throughout southern Lebanon and in the Beqaa Valley in the east; and Lebanese Druze, Druze and Christians populated the country's mountainous areas. At the time, the Lebanese government was under the influence of elites within the Maronite Christian community. The link between politics and religion was reinforced under the Greater Lebanon, French Mandate from 1920 to 1943, and the country's parliamentary structure favoured a leading position for Lebanese Christians, who constituted the majority of the population. However, Leban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ariel Sharon
Ariel Sharon ( ; also known by his diminutive Arik, ; 26 February 192811 January 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the prime minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006. Born in Kfar Malal in Mandatory Palestine to Russian Jewish immigrants, he rose in the ranks of the Israel Defense Forces, Israeli Army from its creation in 1948, participating in the 1948 Palestine war as platoon commander of the Alexandroni Brigade and taking part in several battles. Sharon became an instrumental figure in the creation of Unit 101 and the reprisal operations, including the 1953 Qibya massacre, as well as in the 1956 Suez Crisis, the Six-Day War of 1967, the War of Attrition, and the Yom Kippur War, Yom-Kippur War of 1973. Yitzhak Rabin called Sharon "the greatest field commander in our history"."Israel's Man of War", Michael Kramer, ''New York'', pp. 19–24, 9 August 1982: "the "greatest field commander in our history," says Yitzak Rabin" Upon leaving the mili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shafik Wazzan
Shafik Al-Wazzan (, January 16, 1925 – July 8, 1999) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 27th Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1980 until 1984. In December 1991, Wazzan was wounded when a car bomb exploded in the Beirut neighborhood of Basta Al Fouka (where he lived) as he was passing through in an armored car. Biography After political strife had left Lebanon without a government for 137 days, Wazzan was urged into office. He oversaw the withdrawal of Palestinian guerillas from Beirut Beirut ( ; ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, just under half of Lebanon's population, which makes it the List of largest cities in the Levant region by populatio ... in 1982. Wazzan died in 1999 at the age of 74. He was survived by a son (Dr. Wassim Al Wazzan) and a daughter. References 1925 births 1999 deaths Politicians from Beirut Prime ministers of Lebanon Justice ministers of Leba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Orient–Le Jour
''L'Orient–Le Jour'' () is a French-language daily newspaper in Lebanon. Its English-language edition is ''L'Orient Today''. History ''L'Orient–Le Jour'' was first published on 15 June 1971, following the merger of two French-language Lebanese dailies, ''L'Orient'' (founded in Beirut in 1924 by Gabriel Khabbaz and Georges Naccache) and ''Le Jour'' (founded in 1934 by Michel Chiha). Between 1970 and 1975, one of the contributors was Samir Frangieh. During the Lebanese Civil War, the paper was closed down by the occupying Syrian Army for a brief period in 1976, before publication was resumed. The editor-in-chief of ''L'Orient–Le Jour'', Eduard Saab, was murdered on 16 May 1976. The paper won the Grand Prix de la Francophonie from the Académie Française in 2021. ''L'Orient–Le Jour'' journalist Caroline Hayek was awarded the Albert Londres Prize for her coverage of the 2020 explosion at the Port of Beirut . The paper covers politics, local and international news, fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hôtel-Dieu De France
The Hôtel-Dieu de France is one of the three leading Lebanese hospitals. It is located on Alfred Naccache Boulevard in Beirut, and is the oldest active French hospital in the city. Hôtel-Dieu, an old French term for hospital, derives its name from its origins as a Catholic institution and translates to "hostel of God." It is the university hospital of Saint Joseph University of Beirut. History The origins of the Hôtel-Dieu de France date back to 1883 when an agreement between the Government of France and French Jesuits gave birth to the French Faculty of Medicine ( French: ''Faculté française de médecine (FFM)'') of Saint Joseph University of Beirut. It continued to grow until 1975, when it was severely damaged and partially destroyed during the Lebanese Civil War. It continued its development and expansion at the end of the conflict. In 1984 the hospital was formally reassigned to the Saint Joseph University which is now responsible of its direct management, while rema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solange Gemayel
Solange Gemayel (; born 1949) is a Lebanese political figure and former First Lady of Lebanon. The widow of former President-elect Bachir Gemayel (1947–1982), who was assassinated days before he was due to take office in 1982. She co-founded the Bachir Gemayel Foundation to keep her late husband's legacy alive. Political activities and views Solange Gemayel strongly opposed the Syrian military presence in Lebanon, and was an enemy of the Syrian-backed government which took power in 1990. She is strongly pro-Western, and in 2003 she rattled the political establishment by publicly supporting U.S. President George W. Bush in his decision to attack Iraq and depose the government of Saddam Hussein. In 2002, she openly condemned Karim Pakradouni as the Kataeb's "imposed by force" leader and argued that he betrayed the real Phalange values that her husband fought for during his lifetime. Hosting a formal dinner at her home in August 2003, she praised what she called America's "hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johnny Abdo
Johnny Abdo (Arabic: جوني عبده, born 1940) is a Lebanon, Lebanese former head of military intelligence and ambassador. He is a controversial figure, because of his involvement and deep knowledge of the Lebanese Civil War. He is currently and willingly residing in Paris. Biography He was the chief of Lebanese intelligence in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which was known as the Second Bureau (Lebanon), Second Bureau (المكتب الثاني) during president Élias Sarkis, Elias Sarkis's rule. In the 1970s, his name rose to prominence due to the important role he played during the Lebanese Civil War, during which he helped arranging the election of president Bachir Gemayel, Bashir Gemayel, the leader of the Lebanese Forces, with whom he had a dispute in the past. After Assassination of Bachir Gemayel, Bashir's assassination, his brother Amine Gemayel, Amin Gemayel assumed the presidency and he appointed him ambassador to Lebanon in the country Switzerland in 1983, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and List of islands of France, many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it Exclusive economic zone of France, one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its Regions of France, eighteen integral regions—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aley
Aley () is a major city in Lebanon. It is the capital of the Aley District and fourth largest city in Lebanon. The city is located on Mount Lebanon, 15km uphill from Beirut on the freeway to Damascus. Aley has the nickname "Bride of the Summer resorts" () due to its cooler climate during the summer touristic season. Other nicknames include "Capital of the Mountain: () and the "Lebanese City of Fog" (), due to its mountain foggy weather. History Aley gained prominence upon the completion of the Beirut–Damascus Railway in the mid-1890s. The railroad provided the residents of Beirut easy means of transportation to the mountains, and this made Aley a popular destination to spend the summer months and enjoy its pleasant climate. It was the site of a serious accident on 12 April 1904, when part of the locomotive exploded and the train fell backwards down the 7% grade, killing 8 and seriously injuring another 21. The city was for a while the summer capital of the Ottoman govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syrian Social Nationalist Party In Lebanon
The Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon (SSNP-L) is a Syrian nationalist party operating in Lebanon. The Lebanese section of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party advocates subsuming Lebanon into a Greater Syrian nation state spanning the Fertile Crescent. Founded in Beirut in 1932 as a national liberation organization hostile to French colonialism, the party played a significant role in Lebanese politics and was involved in attempted coup d'etats in 1949 and 1961 following which it was thoroughly repressed. It was active in the Lebanese Civil War, particularly in clashes with the right-wing Lebanese Front, resistance against the 1982 Lebanon War, Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 and in the South Lebanon conflict (1985-2000), South Lebanon conflict from 1985 to 2000 while also continuously supporting the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, Syrian occupation in Lebanon. Foundation and early years The SSNP-L was founded in Lebanon by Antun Saadeh, a Syrian nationalism, Syria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Lebanon
Mount Lebanon (, ; , ; ) is a mountain range in Lebanon. It is about long and averages above in elevation, with its peak at . The range provides a typical alpine climate year-round. Mount Lebanon is well-known for its snow-covered mountains, home to surviving Cedrus libani, Lebanese cedar forests and diverse high-altitude flora and fauna. The name Lebanon itself originates from the white, snow-covered tops of this mountain range. Geography The Mount Lebanon range extends along the entire country for about , parallel to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. The highest peak is Qurnat as Sawda', at . The range receives a substantial amount of precipitation, including snow, which averages around in depth.Jin and Krothe. ''Hydrogeology: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress'', p. 170 Lebanon has historically been defined by the mountains, which provided protection for the local population. In Lebanon, changes in scenery are related less to geographical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aley District
Aley () is a district (''qadaa'') in Mount Lebanon, Lebanon, to the south-east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut. The capital is Aley. Aley city was previously known as the "bride of the summers" during the 1960 and 1970s, when Aley and neighboring Bhamdoune were attractive tourist locations for Lebanese emigres and local Lebanese The district elects 5 members of parliament, of which 3 are Christians (1 Orthodox and 2 Maronite) and 2 are Druze. During the 1975-1990 Civil War in Lebanon, Aley witnessed several battles around its environs. Cities * Aabey * Aghmeed * Ain Aanoub * Ain Dara *Ain Drafile * Ain El Jdideh *Ain El Halzoune * Ain El Remmaneh * Ain Ksour *Ain Saideh *Ain Sofar *Ain Traz * Ainab *Aitate (Eitat) * Aley * Aramoun * Baawerta * Baissour * Basateen * Bdadoun * Bedghane *Bennieh * Bhamdoun el Day'aa * Bhamdoun el Mhatta *Bhouara *Bisrine (Bserrine) *Bkhichtay (Bkhechtey) *Bleibel * Bmahray *Bmakkine (Bemkine) *Bouzridé * Bsous *Btallaoun * Btater *Bteezan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
