Arthonia Toensbergii
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Arthonia Toensbergii
''Arthonia toensbergii'' is a species of lichenicolous fungus, lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Arthoniaceae. It occurs in old-growth forest, old-growth boreal rainforests in Norway, where it parasitism, parasitises the lichen ''Mycoblastus affinis'' growing on trunks and branches of Norway spruce. Taxonomy The fungus was species description, formally described as a new species in 2018 by the lichenologists Håkon Holien and Andreas Frisch. The type (biology), type specimen was collected by Holien along the rover Svorka in Meldal Municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county (now part of Orkland Municipality), where it was found growing on ''Picea abies'' twigs in an old spruce forest. The botanical name, species epithet honours the Norwegian lichenologist Tor Tønsberg, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Molecular phylogenetics analysis shows that ''Arthonia toensbergii'' has a sister taxon relationship with the rare Scandinavian species ''Arthonia protoparmeli ...
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Holotype
A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept. For example, the holotype for the butterfly '' Plebejus idas longinus'' is a preserved specimen of that subspecies, held by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. In botany and mycology, an isotype is a duplicate of the holotype, generally pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same genetic individual. A holotype is not necessarily "ty ...
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