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Army Of Epirus
The following is the order of battle of the Hellenic Army during the First Balkan War of 1912–1913. Background Following the defeat in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, starting in 1904 and especially after the Goudi coup of 1909, serious efforts were undertaken to reorganize and modernize the Army. From 1911, this task was undertaken by a French military mission. The peacetime establishment of the Hellenic Army in 1912 comprised four infantry divisions (1st at Larissa, 2nd at Athens, 3rd at Missolonghi and 4th at Nafplion) newly reformed as triangular divisions, a cavalry brigade, six Evzones battalions, four field artillery and two mountain artillery regiments, one fortress artillery battalion and various support units, including two engineer regiments and an aircraft company. From 25 March 1912, Crown Prince Constantine assumed the position of Inspector-General of the Army, becoming its ''de facto'' commander-in-chief. Greece's territorial claims in Macedonia and Thrace cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Battle
Order of battle of an armed force participating in a military operation or campaign shows the hierarchical organization, command structure, strength, disposition of personnel, and equipment of units and formations of the armed force. Various abbreviations are in use, including OOB, O/B, or OB, while ORBAT remains the most common in the United Kingdom. An order of battle is distinct from a Table of Organization and Equipment, table of organisation, which is the intended composition of a given unit or formation according to the military doctrine of its armed force. Historically, an order of battle was the order in which troops were positioned relative to the position of the army commander or the chronological order in which ships were deployed in naval situations. As combat operations develop during a campaign, orders of battle may be revised and altered in response to the military needs and challenges. Also the known details of an order of battle may change during the course of exe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine I Of Greece
Constantine I (, Romanization, romanized: ''Konstantínos I''; – 11 January 1923) was King of Greece from 18 March 1913 to 11 June 1917 and again from 19 December 1920 to 27 September 1922. He was commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army during the unsuccessful Greco-Turkish War (1897), Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and led the Greek forces during the successful Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, in which Greece expanded to include Thessaloniki, doubling in area and population. The eldest son of George I of Greece, he succeeded to the throne following his father's assassination in 1913. Constantine's disagreement with Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over whether Greece should enter World War I led to the National Schism. Under Allied duress, the country was essentially split between the pro-Venizelos North and the royalist South, ushering in a protracted civil war. He forced Venizelos to resign twice, but in 1917 Constantine left Greece, after threats by the Allies of World War I, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Of Thessaly
The Army of Thessaly () was a field army of Greece, activated in Thessaly during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and the First Balkan War in 1912, both times against the Ottoman Empire and commanded by Crown Prince Constantine. 1897 In preparation for the war, two of the three infantry divisions in the Hellenic Army, 1st Infantry Division under Major General Nikolaos Makris and 2nd Infantry Division under Colonel Georgios Mavromichalis were mobilized and moved to Larissa and Trikala respectively. On 25 March, Crown Prince Constantine was named commander-in-chief of the Army of Thessaly, comprising these two divisions and support units, with Colonel Konstantinos Sapountzakis as his chief of staff. The Army of Thessaly comprised 36,000 men, 500 cavalry and 96 guns. When hostilities broke out on 18 April, the Army of Thessaly was defeated in successive battles on the border passes, the Battle of Farsala and the Battle of Domokos. By the time of the armistice on 20 May, the Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philhellenes
Philhellenism ("the love of Greek culture") was an intellectual movement prominent mostly at the turn of the 19th century. It contributed to the sentiments that led Europeans such as Lord Byron, Charles Nicolas Fabvier and Richard Church to advocate for Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire. The later 19th-century European philhellenism was largely to be found among the Classicists. The study of it falls under Classical Reception Studies and is a continuation of the Classical tradition. Antiquity In antiquity, the term ''philhellene'' ("the admirer of Greeks and everything Greek"), from the (, from ''φίλος'' - ''philos'', "friend", "lover" + ''Ἕλλην'' - ''Hellen'', "Greek") was used to describe both non-Greeks who were fond of ancient Greek culture and Greeks who patriotically upheld their culture. The Liddell-Scott Greek-English Lexicon defines 'philhellene' as "fond of the Hellenes, mostly of foreign princes, as Amasis; of Parthian kings .. also of H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th Infantry Division (Greece)
7th Division may refer to: Infantry units * 7th Division (Australia) * 7th Infantry Division (Bangladesh) * 7th Canadian Infantry Division * 7th Division (Continuation War) * 7th Division (Winter War) * 7th Infantry Division (France), an infantry division in World War II * 7th Division (German Empire) * 7th Division (Reichswehr), * 7th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), a German unit during World War II * 7th Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), a German unit during World War II * 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen, Nazi Germany * 7th Infantry Division (Greece) * 7th (Meerut) Division, of the British Indian Army before and during World War I * 7th Meerut Divisional Area, of the British Indian Army during World War I * 7th Indian Infantry Division, of the British Indian Army during World War II * 7th Division (Iraq) * 7th Infantry Division ''Lupi di Toscana'', Kingdom of Italy * 7th_Division (Imperial Japanese Army) * 7th Division (Japan), of the Japan Ground Self-De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6th Infantry Division (Greece)
The 6th Infantry Division () was an infantry division of the Hellenic Army. History Founded during the mobilization for the First Balkan War. In autumn 1912 it served under Colonel Konstantinos Miliotis-Komninos during the Balkan Wars. It would be disbanded during the National Schism. In autumn 1916, the Serres Division (Μεραρχία Σερρών) was formed by the Provisional Government of National Defence as its first major military formation, and was sent to the Macedonian front. In December 1920, the division was renamed to the 6th Infantry Division. The division fought in the Asia Minor Campaign and the Greco-Italian War. It was dismantled after the German invasion of Greece The German invasion of Greece or Operation Marita (), were the attacks on Kingdom of Greece, Greece by Kingdom of Italy, Italy and Nazi Germany, Germany during World War II. The Italian invasion in October 1940, which is usually known as the Gr ... in 1941. In was reformed in 1946 from the 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th Infantry Division (Greece)
In military terms, 5th Division may refer to: Infantry divisions *5th Division (Australia) * 5th Division (People's Republic of China) * 5th Division (Colombia) * Finnish 5th Division (Continuation War) * 5th Light Cavalry Division (France) * 5th Motorized Division (France) * 5th North African Infantry Division, France *5th Division (German Empire) * 5th Division (Reichswehr) * 5th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht) *5th Royal Bavarian Division, German Empire *5th Mountain Division (Wehrmacht) * 5th Infantry Division (Greece) *5th Division (Imperial Japanese Army) * 5th (Mhow) Division, British Indian Army *5th Infantry Division (India) * 5th Alpine Division Pusteria, Italy * 5th Infantry Division Cosseria, Italy * 5th Division (New Zealand) * 5th Division (North Korea) * 5th Division (Iraq) * 5th Division (Norway), participated in the Norwegian Campaign * 5th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire) *5th Infantry Division (Philippines) * 5th Infantry Division (Poland) * 5th Rifle Division (Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretan State
The Cretan State (; ) was an autonomous state governing the island of Crete from 1898 to 1913, under ''de jure'' suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire but with ''de facto'' independence secured by European Great Powers. In 1897, the Cretan Revolt (1897–1898), Cretan Revolt led the Ottoman Empire to Greco-Turkish War (1897), declare war on Kingdom of Greece, Greece, which led the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, Kingdom of Italy, Italy and Russian Empire, Russia to intervene on the grounds that the Ottoman Empire could no longer maintain control. The Cretan State was the prelude to the island's final annexation to the Kingdom of Greece, which occurred ''de facto'' in 1908 and ''de jure'' in 1913 after the First Balkan War. History Background The island of Crete, an Ottoman possession since the end of the Cretan War (1645–1669), was inhabited by a mostly Greek-speaking population, whose majority was Christian. During and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crete
Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica. Crete is located about south of the Peloponnese, and about southwest of Anatolia. Crete has an area of and a coastline of 1,046 km (650 mi). It bounds the southern border of the Aegean Sea, with the Sea of Crete (or North Cretan Sea) to the north and the Libyan Sea (or South Cretan Sea) to the south. Crete covers 260 km from west to east but is narrow from north to south, spanning three longitudes but only half a latitude. Crete and a number of islands and islets that surround it constitute the Region of Crete (), which is the southernmost of the 13 Modern regions of Greece, top-level administrative units of Greece, and the fifth most popu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkan League
The League of the Balkans was a quadruple alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Eastern Orthodox kingdoms of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire, which still controlled much of Southeastern Europe. The Balkans had been in a state of turmoil since the early 1900s, with years of guerrilla warfare in Macedonia followed by the Young Turk Revolution, the protracted Bosnian Crisis, and several Albanian Uprisings. The outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War in 1911 had further weakened the Ottomans and emboldened the Balkan states. Under Russian influence, Serbia and Bulgaria settled their differences and signed an alliance, which was originally directed against Austria-Hungary, on 13 March 1912,Crampton (1987) but by adding a secret chapter to it essentially redirected the alliance against the Ottoman Empire. Serbia then signed a mutual alliance with Montenegro, and Bulgaria did the same with Greece. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Struggle
The Macedonian Struggle was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts that were mainly fought between Greek and Bulgarian subjects who lived in Ottoman Macedonia between 1893 and 1912. From 1904 to 1908 the conflict was part of a wider guerrilla war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks, Bulgarians and Serbs all fought over Macedonia and its Christian population. Particularly over the national affiliation of the Slavic population which was forced to declare themselves for either of the sides. Gradually the Greek and Bulgarian bands gained the upper hand. Though the conflict largely ceased by the Young Turk Revolution, it continued as a low intensity insurgency until the Balkan Wars. Background Initially the conflict was waged through educational and religious means, with a fierce rivalry developing between supporters of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (Greek-speaking or Slavic/Romance-speaking people who generally identified as Gree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
