|
Armagnac (brandy)
Armagnac (, ) is a distinctive kind of brandy produced in the Armagnac region in Gascony, southwest France. It is distilled from wine usually made from a blend of grapes including Baco 22A, Colombard, Folle blanche and Ugni blanc, traditionally using column stills. This is in contrast to the pot stills used in the production of cognac, which is made predominantly from ugni blanc grapes. The resulting spirit is aged in oak barrels before release. Production is overseen by the Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO) and the Bureau National Interprofessionel de l'Armagnac (BNIA). Armagnac was one of the first areas in France to begin distilling spirits. Because the overall volume of production is far smaller than cognac production, the brandy is less known outside Europe. In addition, for the most part it is made and sold by small producers, whereas cognac production is dominated by big-name brands, especially Courvoisier (owned by Campari Group), H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barrel (storage)
A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers for liquids, usually alcoholic beverages; a small barrel or cask is known as a keg. Barrels have a variety of uses, including storage of liquids such as water, oil, and alcohol. They are also employed to hold maturing beverages such as wine, cognac, armagnac, sherry, port, whiskey, beer, arrack, and sake. Other commodities once stored in wooden casks include gunpowder, meat, fish, paint, honey, nails, and tallow. Modern wooden barrels for wine-making are made of English oak (''Quercus robur''), white oak (''Quercus petraea''), American white oak (''Quercus alba''), more exotic is mizunara oak ('' Quercus crispula''), and recently Oregon oak ('' Quercus garryana'') has been used. Someone who makes traditional wooden barrels is called a coop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal (Catholic Church)
A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. Cardinals are chosen and formally created by the pope, and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. The most solemn responsibility of the cardinals is to elect a new pope in a conclave, almost always from among themselves, with a few historical exceptions, when the Holy See is vacant. During the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to participate in a conclave is limited to cardinals who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. With the pope, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories, in which matters of im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vital Du Four
Vital du Four (Bazas, 1260-Avignon, 1327) was a French Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher, and Prior (ecclesiastical), prior of Eauze. He became Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal in 1312 and bishop of Albano in 1321. Works * ''Quaestiones disputate de rerum principio'', wrongly attributed to Duns Scotus in: ''Quaestiones disputatae De rerum principio, tractatus De primo rerum omnium principio'', novis curis edidit Marianus Fernandez Garcia, Quaracchi, 1910, pp. 1–624. Studies * John F. Lynch, ''The Theory of Knowledge of Vital du Four'', St. Bonaventure, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1972. Notes External linksFranaut entry * 1260 births 1327 deaths French Franciscans Scholastic philosophers 14th-century French cardinals Cardinal-bishops of Albano 14th-century French philosophers French male writers {{scholastic-philosopher-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prior (ecclesiastical)
Prior (or prioress) is an Ecclesiology, ecclesiastical Title#Ecclesiastical titles (Christian), title for a Superior (hierarchy), superior in some religious orders. The word is derived from the Latin for "earlier" or "first". Its earlier generic usage referred to any monastic superior. In abbeys, a prior would be lower in rank than the abbey's abbot or abbess. Monastic superiors In the Rule of Saint Benedict, the term appears several times, referring to any superior, whether an abbot, Provost (religion), provost, Dean (Christianity), dean, etc. In other old monastic rules, the term is used in the same generic sense. With the Cluniac Reforms, the term ''prior'' received a specific meaning; it supplanted the provost or dean (''praepositus''), spoken of in the Rule of St. Benedict. The example of the Cluniac congregations was gradually followed by all Benedictine monasteries, as well as by the Camaldolese, Vallombrosians, Cistercians, Hirsau Abbey, Hirsau congregations, and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rémy Cointreau
Rémy Cointreau is a French, family-owned business group specialized in the production and distribution of alcoholic beverages. The group's products include cognac (Rémy Martin, Louis XIII), triple sec ( Cointreau), the Greek spirit Metaxa, rum ( Mount Gay), brandy (St-Rémy), gin ( The Botanist) and whisky ( Bruichladdich, Port Charlotte, Westland, Domaine des Hautes Alpes). The group, whose origins date back to 1724, was formed in 1990 after the merger of Rémy Martin and Cointreau. Rémy Cointreau also owns the fragrance company Maison Psyché. History The cognac company Rémy Martin was created in 1724. It started international exports the following century and created the high-end cognac brand Louis XIII in 1874. Rémy Martin was bought in 1924 by André Renaud and launched the cognac brand VSOP Fine Champagne in 1927. In 1965, André Hériard Dubreuil (stepson of André Renaud) took over the direction of the company. He switched the group's focus on luxury brands, moder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rémy Martin
Rémy Martin () is a French firm that primarily produces and sells cognac. Founded in 1724 and based in the Communes of France, commune of Cognac, France, Cognac, it is among the oldest cognac producers still in existence. and one of the "big four" cognac houses (along with Hennessy, Courvoisier and Martell (cognac), Martell), responsible for producing most of the world's cognac. The brand specialises in creating Fine Champagne, Cognac Fine Champagne. The brand is owned by the spirits conglomerate Rémy Cointreau, which it co-founded in 1990. Rémy Martin typically represents around 90% of the group's operating profit, selling around 2.2 million nine-litre cases of cognac annually. Rémy Martin is also part of the Comité Colbert, an association "to promote the concept of luxury". History The name Rémy Martin comes from the company founder, born in 1695 near Rouillac, Charente, Rouillac in southwestern France. A vintner by trade, in 1724 he created a cognac trading house. On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernod Ricard
Pernod Ricard () is a French company best known for its anise-flavoured pastis apéritifs Pernod Anise and Ricard Pastis (often referred to simply as ''Pernod'' or '' Ricard''). The world's second-largest wine and spirits seller, it also produces several other types of pastis. History Pernod *1797 – , a Swiss distiller, opens his first absinthe distillery in Switzerland. *1805 – Maison Pernod Fils (simply known as Pernod Fils) is founded in Pontarlier, Franche-Comté, eastern France, by Henri-Louis Pernod and begins production of the anise-flavored spirit known as absinthe. *1850 – Henri-Louis Pernod dies. *1871 – Distillerie Hémard is founded near Paris. *1872 – Société Pernod Père & Fils opens in Avignon. *1915 – Production and consumption of absinthe is prohibited in France. *1926 – All 3 distilleries merge to form Les Établissements Pernod. *1951 – Pastis 51 is launched. *1965 – Takeover of Distillerie Rousseau, Laurens et Moureaux, producer of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martell (cognac)
Martell is a cognac house founded in 1715 by Jean Martell. It is the oldest of the "big four" cognac houses (the others are Hennessy, Rémy Martin and Courvoisier), who together produce most of the world's cognac. Formerly owned by the Seagram spirits empire, it is now part of the Martell Mumm Perrier-Jouët (MMPJ) subsidiary of the French wines and spirits conglomerate Pernod Ricard. Martell's flagship Cordon Bleu, introduced in 1912, was for many years the world's highest-selling premium cognac. By 2015 Martell was producing around 14 million bottles of its cognacs a year, making it the world's second-largest cognac producer behind Hennessy. History Jean Martell, a young merchant, was born on the island of Jersey in 1694. It was then a location known for smuggling, which may have led to his involvement in the liquor trade. In 1715 he began his own trading business at Gatebourse in Cognac, on the banks of the Charente, and thus founded one of the first cognac houses. Variat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LVMH
LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE (), commonly known as LVMH, is a French multinational holding company and conglomerate that specializes in luxury goods and has its headquarters in Paris, France. The company was formed in 1987 through the merger of fashion house Louis Vuitton (founded in 1854) with Moët Hennessy, which had been established by the 1971 merger between the champagne producer Moët & Chandon (founded in 1743) and the cognac producer Hennessy (founded in 1765). In April 2023, LVMH became the first European company to surpass a valuation of $500 billion. In 2023, the company was ranked 47th in the Forbes Global 2000. LVMH controls around 60 subsidiaries that manage 75 luxury brands. In addition to Louis Vuitton and Moët Hennessy, LVMH's portfolio includes Christian Dior Couture, Givenchy, Fendi, Celine, Kenzo, Tiffany, Bulgari, Loewe, TAG Heuer, Marc Jacobs, Stella McCartney, Sephora and Loro Piana. The subsidiaries are often managed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hennessy
Jas Hennessy & Cie., commonly known simply as Hennessy (), is a French producer of cognac, founded in 1765 by Richard Hennessy which has its headquarters in Cognac, France. It is one of the best-known cognac houses, along with Martell, Courvoisier, and Rémy Martin, who together make around 45% of the world's cognac. Hennessy sells approximately 102 million bottles of its cognacs per year, making it the world's largest cognac producer, and in 2017 its sales represented around 60% of the US cognac market. As well as distilling cognac ''eaux-de-vie'' itself, the company also acts as a ''négociant''. The brand is owned by Moët Hennessy since a champagne & cognac merger in the early seventies, which is in turn owned by LVMH (66%) and Diageo (34%), with Diageo acting as a controlling shareholder. Hennessy pioneered several industry-standard practices in the world of cognac, and its association with luxury has made it a regular point of reference in popular culture, especially in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campari Group
Davide Campari-Milano N.V., trading as Campari Group, is an Italian company active since 1860 in the branded drink industry, beverage industry. It produces Distilled beverage, spirits, wines, and non-alcoholic apéritifs. From its signature product, Campari, its portfolio has been extended to include over 50 brands, including Aperol, Appleton, Cinzano, SKYY vodka, Espolon, Espolón, Wild Turkey (bourbon), Wild Turkey, Grand Marnier, and Forty Creek whisky. Group profile Founded in Milan by Gaspare Campari and currently headquartered in Sesto San Giovanni, the Group is now a global company (sixth-largest spirits group worldwide), marketing and distributing its products in over 190 countries. Production is concentrated in 22 manufacturing plants. Campari Group employs approximately 4,000 people and has its own distribution network. The company operates in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Russia, Switzerland, the UK and Ukraine in Europe; Argentina, Brazil, Jamaica, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
