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Archbishop Maximianus Of Constantinople
Maximianus of Constantinople (Greek: Μαξιμινιανός; died 12 April 434) was the archbishop of Constantinople from 25 October 431 until his death on 12 April 434. Biography Maximianus was born in Rome from wealthy and pious parents. He had led a monastic life and had entered presbyteral orders; his action in building, at his own expense, tombs for the remains of holy men had obtained for him a reputation of sanctity. Sisinnius I of Constantinople ordained him presbyter. The action of the first Council of Ephesus had thrown the churches of Constantinople into direst confusion. A large proportion of the citizens held strongly to Nestorius; the clergy, with one voice, agreed in the anathema. When the deposition became a fact no longer to be disputed, the excitement was continued about the election of a successor. After four months, agreement was arrived at in the election of Maximian. In principles he followed the former archbishops, John Chrysostom, Atticus of Constan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ecumenical Patriarchs Of Constantinople
The following is a chronological list of Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, bishops and ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople. The historical data on the first 25 bishops is limited with modern scholars debating their authenticity. The Foundation of the See by Andrew the Apostle is met with similar amounts of skepticism with scholars believing it to be a later tradition. The list is mostly based on the compilation made by Demetrius Kiminas, but there is no single "official" numbering of bishops. The official website of the patriarchate has a list of holders but gives them no numeral. Bishops of Byzantium (until 330 AD) *1. St. Andrew the Apostle, Andrew the Apostle (36–38), founder *2. St. Stachys the Apostle, Stachys the Apostle (38–54) *3. St. Onesimus (54–68) *4. Polycarpus I of Byzantium, Polycarpus I (69–89) *5. Plutarch of Byzantium, Plutarch (89–105) *6. Sedecion of Byzantium, Sedecion (105–114) *7. Diogenes of Byzantium, Diogenes (114–129) *8. Ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyril Of Alexandria
Cyril of Alexandria (; or ⲡⲓ̀ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ Ⲕⲓⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ; 376–444) was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444. He was enthroned when the city was at the height of its influence and power within the Roman Empire. Cyril wrote extensively and was a major player in the Christological controversies of the late-4th and 5th centuries. He was a central figure in the Council of Ephesus in 431, which led to the deposition of Nestorius as Patriarch of Constantinople. Cyril is counted among the Church Fathers and also as a Doctor of the Church, and his reputation within the Christian world has resulted in his titles ''Pillar of Faith'' and ''Seal of all the Fathers''. The Nestorian bishops at their synod at the Council of Ephesus declared him a heretic, labelling him as a "monster, born and educated for the destruction of the church". Cyril is well known for his dispute with Nestorius and his supporter, Patriarch John of Antioch, whom Cyril exclude ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Sixtus III
Pope Sixtus III, also called Pope Xystus III, was the bishop of Rome from 31 July 432 to his death on 18 August 440. His ascension to the papacy is associated with a period of increased construction in the city of Rome. His feast day is celebrated by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church on 28 March. Early career Sixtus was born in Rome and before his accession he was prominent among the Roman clergy, and frequently corresponded with Augustine of Hippo. According to Peter Brown, before being made pope, Sixtus was a patron of Pelagius, who was later condemned as a heretic,Brown, Peter. "Pelagius and his Supporters." ''Journal of Theological Studies''. 1968.XIX.1(93–114). although Alban Butler disagrees and attributes the charge to Garnier. Nicholas Weber also disputes this, "...it was probably owing to his conciliatory disposition that he was falsely accused of leanings towards these heresies." Pontificate Sixtus was consecrated pope on 31 July 432. He attempted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diptych
A diptych (, ) is any object with two flat plates which form a pair, often attached by a hinge. For example, the standard notebook and school exercise book of the ancient world was a diptych consisting of a pair of such plates that contained a recessed space filled with wax. Writing was accomplished by scratching the wax surface with a stylus. When the notes were no longer needed, the wax could be slightly heated and then smoothed to allow reuse. Ordinary versions had wooden frames, but more luxurious diptychs were crafted with more expensive materials. Etymology The word ''diptych'' is borrowed from the Latin , which itself is derived from the Late Greek () . is the neuter plural of () . Art ] As an art term a diptych is an artwork consisting of two pieces or panels that together create a single art piece. These can be fastened together or presented adjoining each other. In medieval times, panels were often hinged so that they could be closed and the artworks protected. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Tarsus
The first recorded bishop of Tarsus, Mersin, Tarsus, Helenus, went to Antioch several times in connection with the dispute concerning Paul of Samosata. Le Quien mentions twenty-two of its bishops, of whom several are legendary. Tarsus was the metropolitan see of the province of Cilicia Prima, under the Patriarchate of Antioch. From the 6th century onwards, the metropolitan see of Tarsus had seven suffragan bishoprics (''Échos d'Orient'', X, 145). The Greek Orthodox Church, Greek archdiocese, mentioned in the 10th century (''Échos d'Orient'', X, 98), has existed down to the present day as part of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch. At about the end of the 10th century, the Armenians established a diocese of their rite; Saint Nerses of Lambron was its most distinguished representative in the 12th century. Tarsus is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees as a metropolitan see of both the Latin Church, Latin, the Maronite Church, Maronite and the Melkite Cat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John I Of Antioch
John I of Antioch was Patriarch of Antioch (429 – 441). He led a group of moderate Eastern bishops during the Nestorian controversy. He is sometimes confused with John Chrysostom, who is occasionally also referred to as ''John of Antioch'', though ''John of Antioch'' is indeed mentioned in the Book of the Miracles of the Blessed Virgin Mary. John I gave active support to his friend Nestorius in the latter's dispute with Cyril of Alexandria. In the year 431, he arrived too late for the opening meeting of the First Council of Ephesus. Cyril, suspecting John I of using procrastinating tactics to support Nestorius, decided not to wait and convened the council without John I and his supporters, condemning Nestorius. When John I reached Ephesus Ephesus (; ; ; may ultimately derive from ) was an Ancient Greece, ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, in present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of Apasa, the former Arzawan ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorotheus Of Martianopolis
Dorotheus or Dorotheos is a male given name from Greek ''Dōrótheos'' (), meaning "God's Gift", from (''dōron''), "gift" + (''theós''), "god". Its feminine counterpart is ''Dorothea'', (''Dorothy''). Theodore means the same, with the root words in reverse order. The earliest form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek ''do-ra'', meaning "gifts", written in Linear B syllabic script; the feminine form ''Theodora'' is also attested in Linear B as , ''te-o-do-ra''. Linguistic variants *Greek: ''Dorotheos'' (Δωρόθεος) *Latin: ''Dorotheus'' *English: ''Dorotheus'' *Russian: ''Dorofei'' (Дорофей) *Serbian: ''Dorotej'' (Доротеј) *Czech: ''Dorota'', ''Dora'' fem. People * Dorotheos (sculptor) (5th century BC), of Argos, to whom Kresilas was pupil * Dorotheus of Sidon (fl. 75), Hellenistic astrologer * Dorotheus of Tyre (ca. 255 – 362), Christian presbyter and later bishop of Tyre * St. Dorotheus (martyr), who was martyred with Gorgonius and Peter in the 4th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himerius Of Nicomedia
Himerius (; c. 315 – c. 386) was a Greek sophist and rhetorician. 24 of his orations have reached us complete, and fragments of 12 others survive. Life and works Himerius was born at Prusias ad Hypium in Bithynia. He completed his education at Athens, whence he was summoned to Constantinople in 362 by the emperor Julian, possibly to act as his private secretary. After the death of Julian in the following year Himerius returned to Athens, where he established a school of rhetoric, which he compared with that of Isocrates and the Delphic oracle, owing to the number of those who flocked from all parts of the world to hear him. Amongst his pupils were Gregory of Nazianzus and Basil the Great, bishop of Caesarea. In recognition of his merits, civic rights and the membership of the Areopagus were conferred upon him. The death of his son Rufinus (his lament for whom, called the Μονῳδία, is extant) and that of a favourite daughter greatly affected his health; in his lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutherios Of Tyana
Eutherios of Tyana, metropolitan bishop of Tyana (site near Niğde, Turkey) in Cappadocia, features in the context of the Council of Ephesus (431), where he belonged to the eastern delegation led by John of Antioch. Dismayed by the deposition of his fellow exponent of the School of Antioch, Nestorius, precipitated by Cyril of Alexandria's vigorous objection to the ''Christotokos'' (instead of ''Theotokos'') expression which Nestorius used, Eutherius writes a lively text of protest, which in turn brings about his own deposition and exile, initially at Scythopolis in Palestine. John of Antioch, in the Act of Union of 433, reconciled with Cyril and pursued a policy of abandoning some of the positions he had once held and repression of those who continued to express them. His successor and nephew, Domnus II of Antioch, however, advocated conciliation, and Eutherius was able to escape from Scythopolis and take refuge with Irenaeus, the new bishop of Tyre (who as a senior civil serva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helladius Of Tarsus
Helladius of Tarsus (Greek: Έλλάδιος ό Ταρσεύς) was a Christian bishop of Tarsus. He was condemned at the First Council of Ephesus (431) and appealed to the pope in 433. Prior to the Council of Ephesus he had been a disciple of Theodocius of Antioch and following that was head of a monastery at Rhosus in Cilicia Cilicia () is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (). The region inclu ... before being made a bishop. Before the Council he was one of the voices who called for the Council to be delayed until John of Antioch could arrive and one of the bishops who joined Johns counter Council.Henry WaceDictionary of Christian Biography and Literature(Delmarva Publications, Inc., 1911) At the Council he was voice of conciliation, taking a middle ground and keeping relations with both Parties in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communion (Christian)
(), communion, or fellowship in Christianity is the bond uniting Christians as individuals and groups with each other and with Jesus Christ. It refers to group cohesiveness among Christians. Pre-Christian antecedents is a transliterated form of the Greek word , which refers to concepts such as fellowship, joint participation, partnership, the share which one has in anything, a gift jointly contributed, a collection, a contribution. In the ''Politics'' of Aristotle it is used to mean a community of any size from a single family to a polis. As a polis, it is the Greek for republic or commonwealth. In later Christianity it identifies the idealized state of fellowship and unity that should exist within the Christian church, the Body of Christ. This usage may have been borrowed from the early Epicureans—as it is used by Epicurus' Principal Doctrines 37–38.Norman DeWitt argues in his book ''St Paul and Epicurus'' that many early Christian ideas were borrowed from the Epicureans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian
A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words ''Christ (title), Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title (), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term ''mashiach'' () (usually rendered as ''messiah'' in English). While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance. The term ''Christian'' used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.3 billion Christians around the world, up from about 600 million in 1910. Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, about 26% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
