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Archaeolamna
''Archaeolamna'' (from Greek ''arche'' which turned into ''archaeo'' and '' Lamna'', an extinct shark genus) is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks that lived during the Cretaceous. It contains three valid species (one with two subspecies) which have been found in Europe, North America, and Australia. While it is mostly known from isolated teeth, an associated set of teeth, jaws, cranial fragments, and vertebrae of ''A. kopingensis'' is known from the Pierre Shale of Kansas. Teeth of ''A. k. judithensis'' were found with a plesiosaur skeleton with bite marks from the Judith River Formation of Montana. It was a medium-sized shark with an estimated total body length of . ''Archaeolamna'' likely had an antitropical distribution, being found in the temperate waters of both hemispheres but absent from the tropical waters around the equator, much like the modern porbeagle shark. A similar distribution has been found for the related '' Cardabiodon''. Taxonomy When the family Arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Shale
The Pierre Shale is a geologic formation or series in the Upper Cretaceous which occurs east of the Rocky Mountains in the Great Plains, from Pembina Valley in Canada to New Mexico. The Pierre Shale was described by Fielding Bradford Meek, Meek and Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, Hayden in 1862 in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences (Philadelphia). They described it as a dark-gray shale, fossiliferous, with veins and seams of gypsum, and concretions of iron oxide. The Pierre Shale is about 3,138 feet (956m) thick at the type locality. It overlies the Niobrara Chalk, Niobrara division and underlies the Fox Hills beds. It was named for an occurrence near Fort Pierre, South Dakota, Fort Pierre on the Missouri River in South Dakota. The Pierre Shale is of marine origin and was deposited in the Western Interior Seaway. It is correlative with other marine shales that occur farther west, such as the Bearpaw Shale Formation, Bearpaw Shale, Mancos Shale and the Lewis Shale. It corre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardabiodon
''Cardabiodon'' (; meaning 'Cardabia tooth') is an extinct genus of large mackerel shark that lived about 95 to 91 million years ago (Ma) during the Cenomanian to Turonian of the Late Cretaceous. It is a member of the Cardabiodontidae, a family unique among mackerel sharks due to differing dental structures, and contains the two species ''C. ricki'' and ''C. venator''. ''Cardabiodon'' fossils have been found in Australia, North America, England, and Kazakhstan. It was likely an antitropical shark that inhabited temperate neritic and offshore oceans between 40° and 60° paleolatitude, similar to the modern porbeagle shark. One of the largest sharks of its time, ''Cardabiodon'' has been estimated to measure up to in length. It may have been an apex predator in its ecosystem and likely used its large, robust teeth and fast swimming capabilities to prey on a variety of marine animals including plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, and other large fish. ''Cardabiodon'' also had a very heavy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
Pseudoscapanorhynchidae is a Family (biology), family of extinct Lamniformes, mackerel sharks that lived during the Cretaceous and potentially the Paleogene. It currently includes ''Cretodus'', ''Eoptolamna'', ''Leptostyrax'', ''Protolamna'', ''Pseudoscapanorhynchus'', and possibly ''Lilamna''. References Prehistoric Lamniformes Lamniformes Prehistoric cartilaginous fish families Cretaceous sharks {{paleo-shark-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dallasiella
''Dallasiella'' is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It contains two valid species, ''D. willistoni'' and ''D. brachyodon'', which have been found in North America and Europe. While formerly placed in the families Cretoxyrhinidae and Archaeolamnidae, it is now considered Lamniformes ''incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...''. References Cretaceous sharks Prehistoric shark genera {{paleo-shark-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamniformes
The Lamniformes (, from Greek ''lamna'' "fish of prey") are an order (biology), order of sharks commonly known as mackerel sharks (which may also refer specifically to the family Lamnidae). It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the great white shark, great white as well as less familiar ones, such as the goblin shark and megamouth shark. Members of the order are distinguished by possessing two dorsal fins, an anal fin, five gill, gill slits, eyes without nictitating membranes, and a mouth extending behind the eyes. Species in two families of Lamniformes – Lamnidae and Alopiidae – are distinguished for maintaining a higher body temperature than the surrounding waters. Members of the group include Macro-predator, macropredators, generally of medium-large size, including the largest macropredatory shark ever, the extinct ''Otodus megalodon,'' as well as large planktivores. Although some authors have argued that the Late Jurassic ''Palaeocarcharias'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albian
The Albian is both an age (geology), age of the geologic timescale and a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early/Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch/series (stratigraphy), Series. Its approximate time range is 113.0 ± 1.0 annum, Ma to 100.5 ± 0.9 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian. Stratigraphic definitions The Albian Stage was first proposed in 1842 by Alcide d'Orbigny. It was named after Alba, the Latin name for Aube (river), River Aube in France. A Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), ratified by the IUGS in 2016, defines the base of the Albian as the first occurrence of the planktonic foraminiferan ''Hedbergellidae, Microhedbergella renilaevis'' at the Col de Pré-Guittard section, Arnayon, Drôme, France. The top of the Albian Stage (the base of the Cenomanian Stage and Upper Cretaceous Series) is defined ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretoxyrhina
''Cretoxyrhina'' (; meaning 'Cretaceous sharp-nose') is an extinct genus of large mackerel shark that lived about 107 to 73 million years ago during the late Albian to late Campanian of the Late Cretaceous. The type species, ''C. mantelli'', is more commonly referred to as the Ginsu shark, first popularized in reference to the Ginsu knife, as its theoretical feeding mechanism is often compared with the "slicing and dicing" when one uses the knife. ''Cretoxyrhina'' is traditionally classified as the likely sole member of the family Cretoxyrhinidae but other taxonomic placements have been proposed, such as within the Alopiidae and Lamnidae. Measuring up to in length and weighing over , ''Cretoxyrhina'' was one of the largest sharks of its time. Having a similar appearance and build to the modern great white shark, it was an apex predator in its ecosystem and preyed on a large variety of marine animals including mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, sharks and other large fish, pterosaurs, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incertae Sedis
or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is indicated by (of uncertain family), (of uncertain suborder), (of uncertain order) and similar terms. Examples * The fossil plant ''Paradinandra, Paradinandra suecica'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order Ericales when described in 2001. * The fossil ''Gluteus minimus (fossil), Gluteus minimus'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal phylum. The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom Animalia. * While it was unclear to which order the New World vultures (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''. It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes. * Boc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretodus
''Cretodus'' is an extinct genus of large mackerel sharks belonging to the proposed family Pseudoscapanorhynchidae. ''Cretodus'' lived during the Late Cretaceous, ranging from the CenomanianCicimurri, D. J. (2001). "Fossil selachians from the Belle Fourche Shale (Cretaceous, Cenomanian), Black Hills region of South Dakota and Wyoming." ''Mountain Geologist,'' 38:181-192. to the ConiacianHamm S.A. & Cicimurri D. J. (2011). "Early Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) selachian fauna from the basal Atco Formation, lower Austin Group, north central Texas." ''Paludicola'', 8(3): 107-127. (approximately 100 to 89 million years ago). The genus is well-known from strata deposited in the Western Interior Seaway (North America), and from the Late Cretaceous of Europe, Africa, and possibly Asia. ''Cretodus'' is primarily represented in the fossil record by isolated teeth and vertebral centra, though a couple of associated dentitions and vertebral columns have been found. Description Prior to 2017, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porbeagle
The porbeagle or porbeagle shark (''Lamna nasus'') is a species of mackerel shark in the family Lamnidae, distributed widely in the cold and temperate marine waters of the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere. In the North Pacific, its ecological equivalent is the closely related salmon shark (''L. ditropis''). It typically reaches in length and a weight of ; North Atlantic sharks grow larger than Southern Hemisphere sharks and differ in coloration and aspects of life history. Gray above and white below, the porbeagle has a very stout midsection that tapers towards the long, pointed snout and the narrow base of the tail. It has large pectoral and first dorsal fins, tiny pelvic, second dorsal, and anal fins, and a crescent-shaped caudal fin. The most distinctive features of this species are its three-cusped teeth, the white blotch at the aft base of its first dorsal fin, and the two pairs of lateral keels on its tail. The porbeagle is an opportunistic hunter that preys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antitropical Distribution
Antitropical (alternatives include biantitropical or amphitropical) distribution is a type of disjunct distribution where a species or clade exists at comparable latitudes across the equator but not in the tropics. For example, a species may be found north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of Capricorn, but not in between. With increasing time since dispersal, the disjunct populations may be the same variety, species, or clade. How the life forms distribute themselves to the opposite hemisphere when they can't normally survive in the middle depends on the species; plants may have their seed spread through wind, animal, or other methods and then germinate upon reaching the appropriate climate, while sea life may be able to travel through the tropical regions in a larval state or by going through deep ocean currents with much colder temperatures than on the surface. For the American amphitropical distribution, dispersal has been generally agreed to be more likely than vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montana
Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, and the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. It is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, fourth-largest state by area, but the List of U.S. states and territories by population, eighth-least populous state and the List of U.S. states and territories by population density, third-least densely populated state. Its List of capitals in the United States, capital is Helena, Montana, Helena, while the List of municipalities in Montana, most populous city is Billings, Montana, Billings. The western half of the state contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
