Arca Noë
''Arca Noë'' ("Noah's Ark") was a book published in 1675 by the Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher. It was a study of the biblical story of Noah's Ark, published by the cartographer and bookseller Johannes van Waesbergen in Amsterdam. Kircher's aim in ''Arca Noë'' was to reconcile recent discoveries in nature and geography with the text of the Bible. This demonstration of the underlying unity and truth between revelation and science was a fundamental task of Catholic scholarship at the time. Together with its sister volume ''Turris Babel'' (“The Tower of Babel”), ''Arca Noë'' presented a complete intellectual project to demonstrate how contemporary science supported the account of the Book of Genesis. Structure The work was divided into three volumes: the first, ''De rebus quae ante Diluvium'', dealt with the story of Noah before the Flood, the building of the Ark, the choice of animals to go on board and how they were accommodated. The second, ''De iis, quae ipso Diluvio ...
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Arca Noe, Why Ark Did Not Sink, By A
ARCA or Arca may refer to: Companies * Arca-Filmproduktion GmbH, the German film production company of Gero Wecker * ARCA SGR, Arca Fondi SGR, Italian asset management company * Arca South, an industrial estate in the Philippines * ARCA Space Corporation, ARCAspace, an aerospace company based in Las Cruces, New Mexico * NYSE Arca, an online stock exchange previously known as Archipelago Equipment * Arca-Swiss style tripod head (camera equipment) * archa (document store), arca (document store), alternately spelled archa * Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss, part of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope Organizations * The American Russian Cultural Association, founded by Rerikhism#The American-Russian Cultural Association, Nicholas Roerich in 1942 * Association for Research into Crimes against Art, a non-profit organization based in Rome * Automobile Racing Club of America, a stock car racing sanctioning formed in 1953 by John Marcum ** ARCA Menards Series, the premier ...
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Spontaneous Generation
Spontaneous generation is a superseded scientific theory that held that living creatures could arise from nonliving matter and that such processes were commonplace and regular. It was hypothesized that certain forms, such as fleas, could arise from inanimate matter such as dust, or that maggots could arise from dead flesh. The doctrine of spontaneous generation was coherently synthesized by Aristotle, who compiled and expanded the work of earlier natural philosophers and the various ancient explanations for the appearance of organisms. Spontaneous generation was taken as scientific fact for two millennia. Though challenged in the 17th and 18th centuries by the experiments of Francesco Redi and Lazzaro Spallanzani, it was not discredited until the work of the French chemist Louis Pasteur and the Irish physicist John Tyndall in the mid-19th century. Rejection of spontaneous generation is no longer controversial among biologists. By the middle of the 19th century, experiments by ...
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1675 In Science
The year 1675 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * March 4 – John Flamsteed appointed as "astronomical observator", in effect, the first Astronomer Royal of England. * Giovanni Cassini discovers Saturn's Cassini Division. Exploration * The Antarctic Convergence is first crossed by Anthony de la Roché, who lands on South Georgia. Mathematics * November 11 – German polymath Gottfried Leibniz uses infinitesimal calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of the function ''y=f(x)''. Births * February 28 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (died 1726) Deaths * October – James Gregory, Scottish mathematician and astronomer (born 1638) * October 27 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (born 1602) * November 11 – Thomas Willis, English physician (born 1621) * ''approx. date'' – John Jonston, Polish naturalist and physician (born 1603 Events January–June * February 25 – Dutch–Portu ...
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Historicity Of The Bible
The historicity of the Bible is the question of the Bible's relationship to history—covering not just the Bible's acceptability as history but also the ability to understand the literary forms of biblical narrative. One can extend biblical historicity to the evaluation of whether or not the Christian New Testament is an accurate record of the historical Jesus and of the Apostolic Age. This tends to vary depending upon the opinion of the scholar. When studying the books of the Bible, scholars examine the historical context of passages, the importance ascribed to events by the authors, and the contrast between the descriptions of these events and other historical evidence. Being a collaborative work composed and redacted over the course of several centuries, the historicity of the Bible is not consistent throughout the entirety of its contents. According to theologian Thomas L. Thompson, a representative of the Copenhagen School, the archaeological record lends sparse and ...
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Obsolete Scientific Theories
This list catalogs well-accepted theories in science and pre-scientific natural philosophy and natural history which have since been superseded by scientific theories. Many discarded explanations were once supported by a scientific consensus, but replaced after more empirical information became available that identified flaws and prompted new theories which better explain the available data. Pre-modern explanations originated before the scientific method, with varying degrees of empirical support. Some theories are discarded in their entirety, such as the replacement of the phlogiston theory by energy and thermodynamics. Some theories known to be incomplete or in some ways incorrect are still used. For example, Newtonian classical mechanics is accurate enough for practical calculations at everyday distances and velocities, and it is still taught in schools. The more complicated relativistic mechanics must be used for long distances and velocities nearing the speed of light, and ...
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Coenraet Decker
Coenraet Decker (1650 in Amsterdam – 1685 in Amsterdam), was a Dutch Golden Age engraver. According to the RKD he had been a pupil of Romeyn de Hooghe and married Aechje Jans in 1673 in Sloterdijk when he was 23.Coenraet Decker
in the

RKD

In the 1670s, he worked on the map of contract that he won together with

Crow's Nest
A crow's nest is a structure in the upper part of the main mast of a ship or a structure that is used as a lookout point. On ships, this position ensured the widest field of view for lookouts to spot approaching hazards, other ships, or land by using the naked eye or optical devices such as telescopes or binoculars. It should not be confused with the top, the platform in the upper part of each lower mast of a square-rigged sailing ship. According to William Scoresby Jr., the crow's nest was invented in the 19th century by his father, William Scoresby Sr., a whaler and also an Arctic explorer. However, Scoresby Sr. may simply have made an improvement on existing designs. Crow's nests appear in Egyptian reliefs as early as 1200 BC and on eighth to seventh century BC representations of Phoenician, Etruscan, and Boiotian ships. The crow’s nest disappears completely from depictions of ships after the seventh century, although the relationship between a raised vantage ...
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Holy Spirit
In Judaism, the Holy Spirit is the divine force, quality, and influence of God over the Universe or over his creatures. In Nicene Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is the third person of the Trinity. In Islam, the Holy Spirit acts as an agent of divine action or communication. In the Baha’i Faith, the Holy Spirit is seen as the intermediary between God and man and "the outpouring grace of God and the effulgent rays that emanate from His Manifestation". Comparative religion The Hebrew Bible contains the term " spirit of God" (''ruach hakodesh'') which by Jews is interpreted in the sense of the might of a unitary God. This interpretation is different from the Christian conception of the Holy Spirit as one person of the Trinity. The Christian concept tends to emphasize the moral aspect of the Holy Spirit more than Judaism, evident in the epithet Spirit that appeared in Jewish religious writings only relatively late but was a common expression in the Christi ...
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Alpha And Omega
Alpha (Α or α) and omega (Ω or ω) are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, and a title of Christ and God in the Book of Revelation. This pair of letters is used as a Christian symbol, and is often combined with the Cross, Chi-rho, or other Christian symbols. Origin The first written record we have of the phrase "alpha and omega" is from some old manuscripts of the Christian New Testament. The phrase "I am the Alpha and the Omega" ( Koiné Greek: "ἐγώ εἰμί τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ"), is an appellation of Jesus and of the Father in the Book of Revelation (verses 1:8, 21:6, and 22:13). The first part of this phrase ("I am the Alpha and the Omega") is first found in Chapter 1 verse 8 ("1:8"), and is found in every manuscript of Revelation that has 1:8. Several later manuscripts repeat "I am the Alpha and the Omega" in 1:11 too, but do not receive support here from most of the oldest manuscripts, including the Alexandrine, Sinaitic, and Codex ...
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Putti
A putto (; plural putti ) is a figure in a work of art depicted as a chubby male child, usually naked and sometimes winged. Originally limited to profane passions in symbolism,Dempsey, Charles. ''Inventing the Renaissance Putto''. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London, 2001. the putto came to represent the sacred cherub (plural cherubim), and in Baroque art the putto came to represent the omnipresence of God. A putto representing a cupid is also called an amorino (plural amorini) or amoretto (plural amoretti). Etymology The more commonly found form ''putti'' is the plural of the Italian word ''putto''. The Italian word comes from the Latin word ''putus'', meaning "boy" or "child". Today, in Italian, ''putto'' means either toddler winged angel or, rarely, toddler boy. It may have been derived from the same Indo-European root as the Sanskrit word "putra" (meaning "boy child", as opposed to "son"), Avestan ''puθra''-, Old Persian ''puça''-, Pahlavi (Middl ...
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Charles II Of Spain
Charles II of Spain (''Spanish: Carlos II,'' 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), known as the Bewitched (''Spanish: El Hechizado''), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire. Best remembered for his physical disabilities and the War of the Spanish Succession that followed his death, Charles's reign has traditionally been viewed as one of managed decline. However, many of the issues Spain faced in this period were inherited from his predecessors and some recent historians have suggested a more balanced perspective. For reasons that are still debated, Charles experienced extended periods of ill health throughout his life and from the moment he became king at the age of three in 1665, the succession was a prominent consideration in European politics. Historian John Langdon-Davies summarised his life as follows: "Of no man is it more true to say that in his beginning was his end; from the day of his birth, they were waiting for his death". Despite this, his successors in ...
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Frontispiece Of Athanasius Kircher's "Arca Noe" (1675)
Frontispiece may refer to: * Book frontispiece, a decorative illustration facing a book's title page * Frontispiece (architecture) In architecture, the term frontispiece is used to describe the principal face of the building, usually referring to a combination of elements that frame and decorate the main or front entrance of a building. The earliest and most notable variatio ...