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Araucarian
Araucariaceae is a family of conifers with three living genera, ''Araucaria'', ''Agathis'', and ''Wollemia''. While the family's native distribution is now largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, except for a few species of ''Agathis'' in Malesia, it was formerly widespread in the Northern Hemisphere during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Description Members of Araucariaceae are typically extremely tall evergreen trees, reaching heights of or more. They can also grow very large stem diameters; a New Zealand kauri tree (''Agathis australis'') named ''Tāne Mahuta'' ("The Lord of the Forest") has been measured at tall with a diameter at breast height of . Its total wood volume is calculated to be , making it the third-largest conifer after '' Sequoia'' and ''Sequoiadendron'' (both from the Cupressaceae subfamily Sequoioideae). The trunks are columnar and have relatively large piths with resinous cortices. The branching is usually horizontal and tiered, arising regul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wollemia
''Wollemia'' is a genus of coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae, endemic to Australia. It represents one of only three living genera in the family, alongside ''Araucaria'' and ''Agathis'' (being more closely related to the latter). The genus has only a single known species, ''Wollemia nobilis,'' commonly known as the Wollemi pine (though it is not a true pine) which was discovered in 1994 in a temperate rainforest wilderness area of the Wollemi National Park in New South Wales. It was growing in a remote series of narrow, steep-sided, sandstone gorges north-west of Sydney. The genus is named after the National Park. The Wollemi pine is classified as critically endangered (CR) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN's IUCN Red List, Red List, and is legally protected in Australia. After it was discovered that the trees could be successfully cloned, new trees were potted up in the Botanic Gardens of Sydney and Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan, Moun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araucaria Angustifolia
''Araucaria angustifolia'', the Paraná pine, Brazilian pine or candelabra tree (, or ), is a critically endangered species in the Pinophyta, conifer genus ''Araucaria''. Although the common names in various languages refer to the species as a "pine", it does not belong in the genus ''Pinus''. Description It is an evergreen tree usually growing to tall and diameter at breast height. The tree is fast growing; as much as in 14 years in a Tree plantation, plantation at Puerto Piray, Misiones Province, Argentina. CAB Direct (database), CABD]19600603436 The leaves are thick, tough and scale like, triangular, long, broad at the base, and with razor-sharp edges and tip. They persist 10 to 15 years, so cover most of the tree except for the trunk and older branches. The bark is uncommonly thick, up to 15 cm (6 in) deep. The inner bark and resin from the trunk of the tree is reddish. It is usually Plant sexuality, dioecious, with the male and female conifer cone, cones on separa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in '' Flora Malesiana'' consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version. Floristic region Malesia was first recognized as a distinct floristic region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. In 1948 and 1950, Cornelius G. G. J. van Steenis developed the idea of Malesia, and put forward plans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortex (botany)
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. The outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly thickened cell walls, and are called collenchyma cells. Plants Stems and branches In the three dimensional structure of herbaceous stems, the epidermis, cortex and vascular cambium form concentric cylinders around the inner cylindrical core of pith. Some of the outer cortical cells may contain chloroplasts, giving them a green color. They can therefore produce simple carbohydrates through photosynthesis. In woody plants, the cortex is located between the periderm (bark) and the vascular tissue ( phloem, in particular). It is responsible for the transportation of materials into the central cylinder of the root through diffusion and ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds, predominantly terpenes. Common resins include amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes. Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile natural phenol, phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant. Composition Most plant resins are composed of terpenes. Specific components are alpha-Pinene, alpha-pinene, pinene, beta-pinene, carene, delta-3 carene, and sabinene, the monocyclic terpenes limonene and terpinolene, and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes, longifolene, caryophyllene, and cad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pith
Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which in some cases can store starch. In eudicotyledons, pith is located in the center of the stem. In monocotyledons, it extends only into roots. The pith is encircled by a ring of xylem; the xylem, in turn, is encircled by a ring of phloem. While new pith growth is usually white or pale in color, as the tissue ages it commonly darkens to a deeper brown color. In trees pith is generally present in young growth, but in the trunk and older branches the pith often gets replaced – in great part – by xylem. In some plants, the pith in the middle of the stem may dry out and disintegrate, resulting in a hollow stem. A few plants, such as walnuts, have distinctive chambered pith with numerous short cavities (see image at middle right). The cells in the peripheral parts of the pith may, in some plants, develop to be different from cells in the rest of the pith. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequoioideae
Sequoioideae, commonly referred to as redwoods, is a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family Cupressaceae, that range in the northern hemisphere. It includes the largest and tallest trees in the world. The trees in the subfamily are amongst the most notable trees in the world and are common ornamental trees. The subfamily reached its peak of diversity during the early Cenozoic. Description The three redwood subfamily genera are '' Sequoia'' from coastal California and Oregon, '' Sequoiadendron'' from California's Sierra Nevada, and '' Metasequoia'' in China. The redwood subfamily contains the largest and tallest trees in the world. These trees can live for thousands of years. Threats include logging, fire suppression, and burl poaching. Only two of the genera, ''Sequoia'' and ''Sequoiadendron'', are known for massive trees. Trees of '' Metasequoia'', from the single living species '' Metasequoia glyptostroboides'', are deciduous, grow much smaller (although are sti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequoiadendron
''Sequoiadendron'' is a genus of evergreen trees, with three species, only one of which survives to the present: * ''Sequoiadendron giganteum'', extant species, extant, commonly known as wellingtonia, giant redwood and giant sequoia, growing naturally in the Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Sierra Nevada mountains of California * extinction (biology), † ''Sequoiadendron chaneyi'', the predecessor of ''Sequoiadendron giganteum'', found mostly in the Nevada area of the Tertiary Colorado Plateau until the late Miocene * †''Sequoiadendron tchucoticum'' Late Cretaceous; Enmyvaam River Basin, Russia Fossil record file:Sequoiadendron chaneyi.jpg, left, up ''Sequoiadendron chaneyi'' foliage fossil, Nevada, United States ''Sequoiadendron'' fossil pollen and macrofossils may have been found as early as the Late Cretaceous and throughout the Northern Hemisphere, including locations in western Georgia (country), Georgia in the Caucasus region. References {{Authority control Sequoiadendro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequoia Sempervirens
''Sequoia sempervirens'' ()''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995: 606–607 is the sole living species of the genus ''Sequoia (genus), Sequoia'' in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly treated in Taxodiaceae). Common names include coast redwood, coastal redwood and California redwood. It is an evergreen, long-lived, monoecious tree living 1,200–2,200 years or more. This species includes the List of tallest trees, tallest living trees on Earth, reaching up to in height (without the roots) and up to in diameter at breast height. These trees are also among the List of oldest trees, longest-living trees on Earth. Before commercial logging and clearing began by the 1850s, this massive tree occurred Native species, naturally in an estimated along much of coastal California (excluding southern California where rainfall is not sufficient) and the southwestern corner of coastal Oregon within the United States. Being the tallest tree species, with a small range and an extremely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diameter At Breast Height
Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements. Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast, which is defined differently in different countries and situations. In many countries, DBH is measured at approximately above ground. Global variation and scientific precision The height can make a substantial difference to the measured diameter. In the United States, DBH is typically measured at above ground. In some countries, such as Australia, New Zealand, Burma, India, Malaysia, and South Africa, breast height diameter has historically been measured at a height of , but because of much active research into allometrics that are being applied to trees and forests, the convention of is more appropriate. Ornamental trees are usually measured at 1.5 metres above ground. Some authors have argued that the term DBH should be abolish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tāne Mahuta
Tāne Mahuta, also called "God of the Forest", is a giant Agathis australis, kauri tree (''Agathis australis'') in the Waipoua Forest of Northland Region, New Zealand. Its age is unknown but is estimated to be between 1,250 and 2,500 years. It is the largest living kauri tree known to stand today. It is named after Tāne, the Māori language, Māori god of forests and of birds. The tree is a remnant of the ancient subtropical rainforest that once grew on the Northland Peninsula. Other giant kauri are found nearby, notably Te Matua Ngahere. Tāne Mahuta is the most famous tree in New Zealand, along with Te Matua Ngahere. It was discovered and identified in early January 1924 when contractors surveyed the present State Highway 12 (New Zealand), State Highway 12 route through the forest. In 1928, Nicholas Yakas and other bushmen, who were building the road, also identified the tree. In April 2009, Tāne Mahuta was formally partnered with the tree Jōmon Sugi on Yakushima Island, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agathis Australis
''Agathis australis'', commonly known as kauri, is a species of coniferous tree in the family Araucariaceae, found north of 38°S in the northern regions of New Zealand's North Island. It is the largest (by volume) but not tallest species of tree in New Zealand, standing up to tall in the emergent layer above the forest's main canopy. The tree has smooth bark and small narrow leaves. Other common names to distinguish ''A. australis'' from other members of '' Agathis'' are southern kauri and New Zealand kauri. With its podsolization capability and regeneration pattern it can compete with faster growing angiosperms. Because it is such a conspicuous species, forest containing kauri is generally known as kauri forest, although kauri need not be the most abundant tree. In the warmer northern climate, kauri forests have a higher species richness than those found further south. Kauri even act as a foundation species that modify the soil under their canopy to create unique plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
