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Aramaue Language
Hagahai, also known as Pinai, is one of two languages of the Piawi family of New Guinea. Speakers in Enga Province use the name ''Pinai'' for all Pinai-Hagahai speakers. Those in Madang use Hagahai, at least for themselves. Exonyms include ''Wapi'' and ''Miamia'' in Enga and ''Aramo'' in Haruai. Dialects are divergent, but speakers have a common identity. Writing system References Works cited * External links * Kaipuleohone Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small and endangered languages. The archive is stored ... has an archive of Pinai-Hagahai audio recordings Piawi languages Languages of Papua New Guinea {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enga Province
Enga is one of the provinces in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Enga is geographically situated in the northern region of Papua New Guinea and was separated from the adjacent Western Highlands at the time of national independence in 1975. The majority ethnic group are Engans. Approximately 500,000 people live within the province, which has one spoken language in all five of its districts. A small minority of Engans' land on the eastern side of the region remained in the Western Highlands, their territory being accessible by road from Mount Hagen but not directly from elsewhere in Enga territory. History Europeans—typically Australian gold prospectors—originally entered what is now Enga province from the east in the late 1920s, although the best-known exploration of Enga took place during the early 1930s when Mick Leahy and a party of men travelled from what later became Mount Hagen to the site of the future Wabag and then south through the Ambum Valley to what later became East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madang Province
Madang is a Provinces of Papua New Guinea, province of Papua New Guinea. The province is on the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea and has many of the country's highest peaks, active volcanoes and its biggest mix of languages. The capital is the town of Madang. Districts and LLGs and clans Each province in Papua New Guinea has one or more districts, and each district has one or more Local Level Government (LLG) areas. For census purposes, the LLG areas are subdivided into wards and those into census units. Education Tertiary educational institutions in Madang Province include: *Madang Technical College *Madang Marine Time College *Madang Teachers College *Divine Word University (DWU) is a national university and a leading tertiary institution in Papua New Guinea. Formerly Divine Word Institute, it was established by an Act of Parliament in 1980 and was established as a University in 1996. DWU It is ecumenical, coeducational and privately governed with government su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madang Languages
The Madang or Madang–Adelbert Range languages are a language family of Papua New Guinea. They were classified as a branch of Trans–New Guinea by Stephen Wurm, followed by Malcolm Ross. William A. Foley concurs that it is "highly likely" that the Madang languages are part of TNG, although the pronouns, the usual basis for classification in TNG, have been "replaced" in Madang. Timothy Usher finds that Madang is closest to the Upper Yuat River languages and other families to its west, but does not for now address whether this larger group forms part of the TNG family. The family is named after Madang Province and the Adelbert Range. History Sidney Herbert Ray identified the Rai Coast family in 1919. In 1951 these were linked with the Mabuso languages by Arthur Capell to create his Madang family. John Z'graggen (1971, 1975) expanded Madang to languages of the Adelbert Range and renamed the family Madang–Adelbert Range, and Stephen Wurm (1975) adopted this as a bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Yuat Languages
The Upper Yuat languages consist of two small language families, namely Arafundi and Piawi, spoken in the region of the upper Yuat River of New Guinea. The connection was first suggested by William A. Foley and confirmed by Timothy Usher, who further links them to the Madang languages. Upper Yuat languages display more typological similarities with Trans-New Guinea than the other neighboring language families of the Sepik-Ramu basin (namely the Lower Sepik-Ramu and Yuat families). The Madang languages are frequently included in Trans–New Guinea classifications, but the connection is not yet demonstrated. The Piawi languages are morphologically much simpler than the Arafundi languages. Linguistic varieties Foley (2018) lists the following linguistic varieties. ;Upper Yuat *Piawi languages: Harway ( Wiyaw / Waibuk), Pinai-Hagahai ( Pinaye, Aramo / Aramaue) *Arafundi languages The Arafundi languages are a small family of clearly related languages in East Sepik P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piawi Languages
The Piawi languages are a small language family, family of Papuan languages spoken in the Schraeder Range of the Madang Highlands of Papua New Guinea that had been part of Stephen Wurm's Trans–New Guinea languages, Trans–New Guinea proposal. They are now connected to the Arafundi languages, Arafundi and Madang languages. The name "Piawi" is an acronym of three language varieties: Pinai (Pinaye), Aramo/Aramaue (Hagahai) and Wiyaw (Harway/Waibuk). Pinai and Hagahai are often classified as a single language. Classification Piawi consists of only two languages: * Piawi family: Pinai-Hagahai language, Pinai-Hagahai, Haruai language, Haruai (Waibuk) Davies and Comrie (1985) noted some pronominal similarities with the Engan languages in Trans–New Guinea, which Ross took into consideration, but no lexical similarities. Comrie believes the family is as isolate. William A. Foley suggested that Piawi and Arafundi languages, Arafundi may be related (Comrie 1992), and according to Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enga Language
Enga is a language of the East New Guinea Highlands spoken by a quarter-million people in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. It has the largest number of speakers of any Trans–New Guinea language, as well as any native language in New Guinea, and is second overall after Papuan Malay. An Enga-based pidgin is used by speakers of Arafundi languages. Population There are currently over 150,000 Enga people occupying the mountainous region ranging from Mount Hagen and westward to Porgera. Enga people are traditionally sedentary gardeners who grow sweet potatoes as their staple crop, and who keep pigs and fowls. Coffee and pyrethrum are also grown as cash crops in Enga culture. Pigs, pearls, shells, axes, and plumes are items of wealth and signify social occasions when exchanged or circulated. Enga clans have boundaries defining their homesteads across the territory and have been known to fight with each other over land, marriage exchanges, or vengeance. Men and women tradit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haruai Language
Haruai (less commonly Harway) is one of two languages of the Piawi family of New Guinea. The language has borrowings from Kalam. Young men are likely to know Kobon and Tok Pisin, but many Haruai are monolingual. Haruai is also commonly known as Waibuk, also Wiyaw, Wovan, Taman. Dialects are North Waibuk (Hamil), Central Waibuk (Mambar), South Waibuk (Arama); word taboo is practiced but does not impede communication. Language contact Due to intensive language contact, Haruai shares 35 percent of its vocabulary with Kobon (a Trans-New Guinea language belonging to the Madang branch), which is the same proportion of vocabulary that Haruai shares with the related language Hagahai. Some lexical examples: : Harway has both native and borrowed terms for words like ‘sun’, ‘dog’, and ‘father’, but in the case of ‘wife’s brother’, ‘grandmother’, and ‘ear’, only loanwords of Kobon origin are used. Phonology Bibliography *Comrie, Bernard. 1987. ''A Grammar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaipuleohone
Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small and endangered languages. The archive is stored in the ScholarSpace repository of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa and maintained by the Department of Linguistics of the University's College of Languages, Linguistics and Literature. Kaipuleohone was established by Nick Thieberger in 2008. It is a member of thDigital Endangered Languages and Musics Archiving Network(DELAMAN). The term ''kaipuleohone'' means 'gourd of sweet words' and symbolizes the impression of an accumulation of language material. Kaipuleohone comprises several collections including Kaipuleohone Audio Files, the Bickerton Collection, the Blust Collection, the Bradshaw Collection, and the Sato Collection. The archive director is Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker. See also *Language Documentation & Conservation ''Langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10125/40882
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural number, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
