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Arab High Committee
The Arab Higher Committee () or the Higher National Committee was the central political organ of Palestinian Arabs in Mandatory Palestine. It was established on 25 April 1936, on the initiative of Haj Amin al-Husayni, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and comprised the leaders of Palestinian Arab clans and political parties under the mufti's chairmanship. The committee was outlawed by the British Mandatory administration in September 1937 after the assassination of a British official. A committee of the same name was reconstituted by the Arab League in 1945, but went to abeyance after it proved ineffective during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It was sidestepped by Egypt and the Arab League with the formation of the All-Palestine Government in 1948 and both were banned by Jordan. Formation, 1936–1937 The first Arab Higher Committee was formed on 25 April 1936, following the outbreak of the Great Arab revolt, and national committees were formed in all of the towns and some of the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amin Al-Husseini
Mohammed Amin al-Husseini (; 4 July 1974) was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and Muslim leader in Mandatory Palestine. was the scion of the family of Jerusalemite Arab nobles, who trace their origins to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Husseini was born in Jerusalem, Ottoman Empire in 1897, he received education in Islamic, Ottoman, and Catholic schools. In 1912, he pursued Salafist religious studies in Cairo. Husseini later went on to serve in the Ottoman army during World War I. At war's end he stationed himself in Damascus as a supporter of the Arab Kingdom of Syria, but following its disestablishment, he moved back to Jerusalem, shifting his pan-Arabism to a form of Palestinian nationalism. From as early as 1920, he actively opposed Zionism, and as a leader of the 1920 Nebi Musa riots, was sentenced for ten years imprisonment but pardoned by the British. In 1921, Herbert Samuel, the British High Commissioner appointed him Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, a position he used t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Muslim Council
The Supreme Muslim Council (SMC; ) was the highest body in charge of Muslim community affairs in Mandatory Palestine under British control. It was established to create an advisory body composed of Muslims and Christians with whom the High Commissioner could consult. The Muslim leaders, however, sought to create an independent council to supervise the religious affairs of its community, especially in matters relating to religious trusts (waqf) and shariah courts. The British acceded to these proposals and formed the SMC which controlled waqf funds, the orphan funds, and shariah courts, and responsible for appointing teachers and preachers. The SMC continued to exist until January 1951, when it was dissolved by Jordan and its function transferred to the Jordanian Ministry of Awqaf. A SMC was reconstituted in the occupied territories in 1967 as the judicial authority of the Muslim community in Israel in matters of personal status of its members under Israel's confessional communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Hilmi Pasha
Ahmed Hilmi Abd al-Baqi Pasha ( 1883 – 1963) was an Arab soldier, economist, and politician of Albanian descent, who served in various positions in post- Ottoman Levant, and later as Prime Minister of the short-lived All-Palestine Government in the Gaza Strip. Early life He was born 1883 in Sidon, Ottoman Empire (now Lebanon) and was of Albanian origin, being to referred to as al-Arnauti by contemporaries such as Nabih al-Azma, Izzat Darwaza and ‘Ajaj Nuwayhid. Before the collapse of the Ottoman Empire Hilmi attained the rank of General in the Ottoman army. In 1920 he was Minister of Finance for the short-lived Arab Kingdom of Syria in Damascus. He became the finance minister in Transjordan from 1922 to 1924. He was a member of the Committee of Union and Progress. In Mandatory Palestine In 1925, he became the Director General of Awqaf in Mandatory Palestine, the organisation headed by Haj Amin Husseini, which controlled and regulated properties bequeathed to charities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
The Independence Party of Palestine (''Hizb al-Istiqlal'') was an Arab nationalist political party established on 13 August 1932 in Palestine during the British Mandate. The party was founded by Muhammad Izzat Darwaza, and the other founders of the party were Fahmi al-Abboushi, Mu'in al-Madi, Akram Zu'aytir, ‘Ajaj Nuwayhid, Rashid al-Haj Ibrahim, Subhi al-Khadra, and Salim Salamah. The party did not achieve a large membership but Awni Abd al-Hadi, through his role as private secretary to Amir Feisal in Damascus between 1918-1920, had good relations with many senior leaders across the Arab world. Its origins lay in the Istiqlal movement associated with the short-lived Sharifian government in Damascus. The party's creation was spurred by the al-Husayni– Nashashibi rivalry, which had almost paralyzed the Palestinian national movement. Its founders, most of whom hailed from the Nablus area, called for the adoption of new methods of political action, including noncooperat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awni Abd Al-Hadi
Awni Abd al-Hadi, () aka Auni Bey Abdel Hadi and Awni Abdul Hadi (1889, Nablus, Ottoman Empire – 15 March 1970, Cairo, Egypt) was a Palestinian political figure. He was educated in Beirut, Istanbul, and at the Sorbonne University in Paris. His wife was Tarab Abd al-Hadi, a Palestinian activist and feminist. Political activity In 1911 Abd al-Hadi, along with Rafiq al-Tamimi were founding members of the Paris-based underground al-Fatat ("the Young Arab Society") nationalist society, which was devoted to Arab independence and unity. He was among the organizers of the Arab Congress of 1913 in Paris. When Faisal I of Iraq arrived in Paris en route to London in December 1918 Ahmad Qadri located Abd al-Hadi introduced him to Faisal who appointed him as the head of the administrative office for the Arab delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. Abd al-Hadi was later an adviser to Amir Abdullah in Transjordan. On his return to Palestine in 1924, Abd al-Hadi became one of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reform Party (Palestine)
The Reform Party (or ''Hizb-al-Islah'') was established by Husayn al-Khalidi in Palestine on 23 June 1935. At the time of the party's formation, al-Khalidi was mayor of Jerusalem. It did not have a large following outside Jerusalem but its views were widely published in the Arab press. Its program called for freedom for Palestine, self-government, welfare for farmers and workers, encouragement of education and opposition to a Jewish national home. From its formation on 25 April 1937, al-Khalidi was a member of the Arab Higher Committee as the party's representative.''Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948: 1945-1948'', by Haim Levenberg, Routledge, 1993, p. 7 On 1 October 1937, following disturbances and violence during the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine, the British Mandate administration outlawed the AHC and several other Arab political parties and arrested a number of Arab political leaders. The Reform Party was one of the parties dissolved and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Husayin Al-Khalidi
Husayn Fakhri al-Khalidi (, , 17 January 1895 – 6 February 1962) was mayor of Jerusalem from 1935 to 1937 and the 13th Prime Minister of Jordan in 1957. Early life Khalidi served as a doctor in the Ottoman Army during World War I, and was injured three times. He subsequently served for over a decade as a member of Jerusalem's Health Department and as an Inspector of Jerusalem's Water Department. Political career In September 1934, Kalidi sought election as both as Mayor of Jerusalem and for Raghib al-Nashashibi's seat on the City Council. He won the latter, and was subsequently appointed to the former on 21 January 1935, days after an appeal of the election results by Nasashibi was rejected by the Jerusalem District Court. Daniel Auster and Yacoub Farradj became Deputy Mayors. On 23 June 1935 Khalidi founded the Reform Party and was subsequently the party's representative to the Arab Higher Committee. On 1 October 1937, amid the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Bloc (Palestine)
The National Bloc (''al-Kutla al-Wataniyya'' الكتلة الوطنية) was a Nablus-based party established in 1935 in the British Mandate for Palestine by Abd al-Latif Salah, a lawyer and former official in the Ottoman Senate at Istanbul. Salah generally took an anti- Husayni stance. Its program called for an independent Palestine with an Arab majority and a unification of the political efforts of the Palestinian Arabs. It had limited membership mainly from areas around Nablus and Jaffa Jaffa (, ; , ), also called Japho, Joppa or Joppe in English, is an ancient Levantine Sea, Levantine port city which is part of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, located in its southern part. The city sits atop a naturally elevated outcrop on .... It was one of the parties banned by the British in October 1937.''A Survey of Palestine - prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the information of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry.'' Reprinted 1991 by The Institute of Palestin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth Congress Party
The Youth Congress Party was a Palestinian political party that was established by Yaqub al-Ghusayn. It was formed in 1932 in the British Mandate of Palestine and quickly grew to become the largest nationalist association of the early 1930s, counting several thousand members by mid-1934 in branches across the country. The party rejected British rule and was generally pro-Husayni. The party's membership came mainly from Jaffa and Ramleh.''A Survey''. p.950 See also * Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) The Independence Party of Palestine (''Hizb al-Istiqlal'') was an Arab nationalist political party established on 13 August 1932 in Palestine during the British Mandate. The party was founded by Muhammad Izzat Darwaza, and the other founders of ... References *Levenberg, Haim (1993). ''Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945-1948''. London: Routledge. *''A Survey of Palestine - prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the information of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaqub Al-Ghusayn
Yaqub al-Ghusayn (, ) (1899–1948) was a Palestinian landowner from Ramla and the founder of the Youth Congress Party. Early life and education He got his initial education at the Sultani School in Jerusalem from where he graduated in 1917. He later graduated in law from the University of Cambridge, UK. He worked as an inspector at a railway station until the British Mandate, before moving to the field of business and agriculture. Family and personal life He was married to Thuriya Nuseibeh, also a Palestinian noble, and they had 11 children; Talat, Khaled, Abdel-Kareem, Tawfiq, Aida, Khalida, Heya, Motia’a, Khadija, Nuzha and Fatoum. Political career Ghusayn was member of different youth societies in Palestine before he himself established the Muslim Youth Society in Ramleh in 1927. He was elected president of the first National Congress of Arab Youth, held in Jaffa in January 1932. He was a member and representative of his party in the Arab Higher Committee from its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestine Arab Party
The Palestinian Arab Party ( ''‘Al-Hizb al-'Arabi al-Filastini'') was a political party in Palestine established in May 1935 by the influential Husayni family. Jamal al-Husayni was the founder and chairman. Emil Ghuri was elected general secretary until the end of the British Mandate in 1948. Other leaders of the party included Saed al-dean Al-Aref, Rafiq al-Tamimi, Tawfiq al-Husayni, Anwar al-Khatib, Kamil al-Dajani, and Yusuf Sahyun. History The party was set up after the rival Nashashibi family established their National Defence Party. Other parties at the time included the pan-Arabist Youth Congress Party and the Independence Party (''Hizb al-Istiqlal al-'Arabi'', also known as the Arab Istiqlal Party), as well as the Reform Party and the National Bloc, established by public activists on a personal and local basis, and the National Liberation League in Palestine, an organization founded by the Palestine Communist Party. The objectives of the party were indepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamal Al-Husayni
Jamal al-Husayni (; 1894–1982), was born in Jerusalem and was a member of the Husayni family. Husayni served as Secretary to the Executive Committee of the Palestine Arab Congress (1921–1934) and to the Muslim Supreme Council. He was co-founder and chairman of the Palestine Arab Party, established in Jerusalem in 1935, and in 1937 became a member of the first Arab Higher Committee, led by Amin al-Husayni, later becoming its chairman. During the 1936-39 Arab revolt he escaped first to Syria (1937) and then to Baghdad, Iraq (1939). He led the Arab delegation to the 1939 London Conference and was Palestinian representative to the Anglo-American Committee of Enquiry. Husayni was arrested by the British in 1941 and exiled to Southern Rhodesia. He was released at the end of World War II and returned to Palestine in 1946. He was an unofficial delegate to the United Nations in 1947-48. In September–October 1948 he was the foreign minister in the Egyptian-sponsored All-Palest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
