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Apprendi V
''Apprendi v. New Jersey'', 530 U.S. 466 (2000), is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision with regard to aggravating factors in crimes. The Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial, incorporated against the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, prohibited judges from enhancing criminal sentences beyond statutory maxima based on facts other than those decided by the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. The decision has been a cornerstone in the modern resurgence in jury trial rights. As Justice Scalia noted in his concurring opinion, the jury-trial right "has never been efficient; but it has always been free." The ''Apprendi'' decision was subsequently cited as precedent by the court in its consideration of '' Ring v. Arizona'' (2002), which struck down Arizona's judge-only method of imposing the death penalty, and also in ''Blakely v. Washington'' (2004), which ruled that mandatory state sentencing guidelines are the statutory maximum for purposes o ...
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New Jersey Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of New Jersey is the highest court in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, the Supreme Court of New Jersey is the final judicial authority on all cases in the state court system, including cases challenging the validity of state laws under the state constitution. It has the sole authority to prescribe and amend court rules and regulate the practice of law, and it is the arbiter and overseer of the decennial legislative redistricting. One of its former members, William J. Brennan Jr., became an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. It has existed in three different forms under the three different state constitutions since the independence of the state in 1776. As currently constituted, the court replaced the prior New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals, which had been the highest court created under the Constitution of 1844.Jeffrey S. Mandel, New Jersey Appellate Practice (Gann Law Books), chapter 12:1-1 Now, the Sup ...
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Dahlia Lithwick
Dahlia Lithwick is a Canadian-American lawyer, writer, and journalist. Lithwick is currently a contributing editor at ''Newsweek'' and senior editor at ''Slate''. She primarily writes about law and politics in the United States. She writes "Supreme Court Dispatches" and "Jurisprudence" and has covered the Microsoft trial and other legal issues for ''Slate''. In 2018, the Sidney Hillman Foundation awarded Lithwick with the Hillman Prize for Opinion & Analysis Journalism noting that she "has been the nation's best legal commentator for two decades". Before joining ''Slate'' as a freelancer in 1999, Lithwick worked for a family law firm in Reno, Nevada. Her published work has appeared in ''The New Republic'', '' The American Prospect'', '' Elle'', ''The Ottawa Citizen'', and ''The Washington Post''. Early life and education Lithwick was born to a Jewish family, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and is a Canadian citizen. She moved to the U.S. to study at Yale University, where she rec ...
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Harris V
Harris may refer to: Places Canada * Harris, Ontario * Northland Pyrite Mine (also known as Harris Mine) * Harris, Saskatchewan * Rural Municipality of Harris No. 316, Saskatchewan Scotland * Harris, Outer Hebrides (sometimes called the Isle of Harris), part of Lewis and Harris, Outer Hebrides * Harris, Rùm, a place on Rùm, Highland United States * Harris, Indiana * Harris, Iowa * Harris, Kansas * Harris Township, Michigan * Harris, Minnesota * Harris, Missouri * Harris, New York * Harris, North Carolina * Harris, Oregon * Harris, Wisconsin Elsewhere * Harris, Montserrat Other places with "Harris" in the name * Harrisonburg, Louisiana * Harrisonburg, Virginia * Harris County (other) * Harris Lake (other) * Harris Mountain (other) * Harris Township (other) * Harrisburg (other) * Harrison (other) * Harrisville (other) People * Harris (Essex cricketer) * Harris Jayaraj, an Indian music director * Harr ...
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Alleyne V
Alleyne is an English-language surname. People with the name include: * Aaliyah Alleyne (born 1994), West Indian cricketer * Alleyne baronets * Anthony Alleyne (born 1993), Barbadian cricketer * Archie Alleyne (1933–2015), Canadian jazz musician * Brian Alleyne (born 1943), Dominican judge * Cameron Chesterfield Alleyne (1880-1955), Barbados-born American bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church * Camille Wardrop Alleyne (born 1966), Trinidad-born American aerospace engineer, space scientist, and science ambassador * Damian Alleyne (born 1983), Barbadian swimmer * David Alleyne (born 1976), English cricketer * Ebony Alleyne (born 1983), British singer * George Alleyne (born 1932), Barbadian academic * Hartley Alleyne (born 1957), Barbadian cricketer * Haynes Gibbes Alleyne (1813-1882), Barbadian born, Australian doctor and ichthyologist * Jade Alleyne (born 2001), British actress * Kerry Alleyne (born 1983), Dominican footballer * Mabel Alleyne (1896–1961) ...
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Southern Union Co
Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airline * Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US * Southern Airways Express, Memphis-based passenger air transportation company, serving eight cities in the US * Southern Company, US electricity corporation * Southern Music (now Peermusic), US record label * Southern Railway (other), various railways * Southern Records, independent British record label * Southern Studios, recording studio in London, England * Southern Television, defunct UK television company * Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway), brand used for some train services in Southern England Media * ''Southern Daily'' or ''Nanfang Daily'', the official Communist Party newspaper based in Guangdong, China * '' Southern Weekly'', a newspaper in Guangzhou, China * Heart Sussex, a radio station in Sussex, England, previously known as "Southern FM ...
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Stephen Breyer
Stephen Gerald Breyer ( ; born August 15, 1938) is a retired American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1994 until his retirement in 2022. He was nominated by President Bill Clinton, and replaced retiring justice Harry Blackmun. Ketanji Brown Jackson, who was nominated by President Joe Biden, was his designated successor. Breyer was generally associated with the liberal wing of the Court. He is now the Byrne Professor of Administrative Law and Process at Harvard Law School. Born in San Francisco, Breyer attended Stanford University, the University of Oxford as a Marshall Scholar, and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1964. After a clerkship with Associate Justice Arthur Goldberg in 1964–65, Breyer was a law professor and lecturer at Harvard Law School from 1967 until 1980. He specialized in administrative law, writing textbooks that remain in use today. He held other prominent positions before being nominated to ...
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United States V
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe Television * ''United'' (TV series), a 1990 BBC Two documentary series * '' United!'', a soap opera that aired on BBC One from 196 ...
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Walton V
Walton may refer to: People * Walton (given name) * Walton (surname) * Susana, Lady Walton (1926–2010), Argentine writer Places Canada * Walton, Nova Scotia, a community **Walton River (Nova Scotia) *Walton, Ontario, a hamlet United Kingdom *Walton, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire * Walton, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, a hamlet *Walton, Peterborough, a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire *Walton, Cheshire, a village and civil parish * Walton, Cumbria, a village and civil parish * Walton, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, a suburb of Chesterfield *Walton-on-Trent, South Derbyshire, Derbyshire * Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex, a seafront town informally called "Walton" *Walton, Leicestershire, a village *Walton, Leeds, a village and civil parish *Walton, Liverpool, an area of Liverpool * Walton Street, London * East Walton, Norfolk * West Walton, Norfolk *Walton, North East Derbyshire, a village in the civil parish of Holymoorside and Walton *Walto ...
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Patterson V
Patterson may refer to: People * Patterson (surname) Places ;Canada *Pattersons Corners, Ontario * Patterson Township, Ontario *Patterson, Calgary a neighbourhood in Calgary, Alberta. ;United States of America *Patterson, Arkansas * Patterson, California *Patterson, California, former name of Trigo, Madera County, California *Patterson, California, former name of Cherokee, Nevada County, California * Patterson, Georgia *Patterson, Idaho *Patterson, Iowa * Patterson, Louisiana *Patterson, Missouri *Patterson, New Mexico *Patterson, New York *Patterson, Ohio * Lake Patterson, a lake in Minnesota * Patterson Springs, North Carolina *Patterson Heights, Pennsylvania *Patterson Tract, California Other uses * ''Bob Patterson'' (TV series), American sitcom *C.R. Patterson and Sons, American car manufacturer from 1915 until 1939. * ''Patterson'' (radio series), British radio series by Malcolm Bradbury * Patterson Companies, a medical supplies conglomerate based in Minnesota * Patte ...
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Sandra Day O'Connor
Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is an American retired attorney and politician who served as the first female associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. She was both the first woman nominated and the first confirmed to the court. Nominated by President Ronald Reagan, she was considered the swing vote for the Rehnquist Court and the first five months of the Roberts Court. Prior to O'Connor's tenure on the Court, she was a judge and an elected official in Arizona, serving as the first female majority leader of a state senate as the Republican leader in the Arizona Senate. Upon her nomination to the Court, O'Connor was confirmed unanimously by the Senate. On July 1, 2005, she announced her intention to retire effective upon the confirmation of a successor. Samuel Alito was nominated to take her seat in October 2005 and joined the Court on January 31, 2006. O'Connor most frequently sided with the Court's conservative bloc but dem ...
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McMillan V
MacMillan, Macmillan, McMillen or McMillan may refer to: People * McMillan (surname) * Clan MacMillan, a Highland Scottish clan * Harold Macmillan, British statesman and politician * James MacMillan, Scottish composer * William Duncan MacMillan, American physicist and educator Places Australia * Division of McMillan, electoral district in Australian House of Representatives in Victoria Canada * Macmillan River, a river in the Yukon Territory of northwestern Canada * MacMillan Provincial Park, a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada United States * McMillan Mesa, a mesa in Flagstaff, Coconino County, Arizona. * McMillan, Michigan * McMillan Township, Luce County, Michigan * McMillan Township, Ontonagon County, Michigan * McMillan, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community * McMillan, Wisconsin, a town * McMillan (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community * McMillan Reservoir in Washington, D.C. Companies and organizations * McMillan (agency), ...
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