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Antonia Fortress
The Antonia Fortress (Aramaic: קצטרא דאנטוניה) was a citadel built by Herod the Great and named for Herod's patron Mark Antony, as a fortress whose chief function was to protect the Second Temple. It was built in Jerusalem at the eastern end of the so-called Second Wall, at the north-western corner of the Temple Mount. History Herod (r. 37 – c. 4 BCE) built the fortress to protect the Temple. He named it for his patron Mark Antony (83–30 BCE). The fortress housed some part of the Roman garrison of Jerusalem. The Romans also stored the high priest's vestments within the fortress. The fortress was one of the last strongholds of the Jews in the Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE), when the Second Temple was destroyed. Construction date controversy The construction date is controversial because the name suggests that Herod built Antonia before the defeat of Mark Antony by Octavian in 31-30 BCE and Mark Antony's suicide in 30 BCE. Herod is famous for being an apt diplo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontius Pilate
Pontius Pilate (; grc-gre, Πόντιος Πιλᾶτος, ) was the fifth governor of the Roman province of Judaea, serving under Emperor Tiberius from 26/27 to 36/37 AD. He is best known for being the official who presided over the trial of Jesus and ultimately ordered his crucifixion. Pilate's importance in modern Christianity is underscored by his prominent place in both the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds. Due to the Gospels' portrayal of Pilate as reluctant to execute Jesus, the Ethiopian Church believes that Pilate became a Christian and venerates him as both a martyr and a saint, a belief which is historically shared by the Coptic Church. Although Pilate is the best-attested governor of Judaea, few sources regarding his rule have survived. Nothing is known about his life before he became governor of Judaea, and nothing is known about the circumstances that led to his appointment to the governorship. Coins that he minted have survived from Pilate's governorship, as we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Struthion Pool
The Struthion Pool, effectually translated from the Greek as 'Sparrow Pool' (Aramaic: אשווח צפרא) is a large cuboid cistern beneath the Convent of the Sisters of Zion in the Old City of Jerusalem, built by Herod the Great in the first century BCE. Construction Hellenistic precursor and Herodian pool Lying at the foot of the rock scarp that once bore the Antonia Fortress, the pool is located at the northwestern corner of Jerusalem's Temple Mount. Measuring 52 by 14 metres, the pool is oriented from northwest to southeast, with its depth increasing from 4.5 metres in the north to 6 metres in the south. The pool's long eastern and western walls are not horizontal but also drop steadily to the south. Once open-aired, the pool was accessible along both long walls by a series of rock-cut steps covered by waterproof mortar composed of chalk and ashes. The pool was apparently built by Herod the Great during his construction of the Antonia and the renovation of the Temple Mount in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Fathers
, image = Cardinal Lavigerie.jpg , caption = Charles Lavigerie , abbreviation = M.Afr. , nickname = White Fathers , formation = , founder = Archbishop Charles-Martial Allemand-Lavigerie , founding_location = Algiers, Algeria , type = Society of apostolic life of pontifical right (for men) , headquarters = Via Aurelia 269, Rome, Italy , membership = 1,371 members (includes 1,029 priests) as of 2020 , leader_title = Superior General , leader_name = Fr. Stanley Lubungo, M. Afr. , leader_title2 = Ministries , leader_name2 = evangelism and education , parent_organization = Roman Catholic Church , website = The White Fathers (french: Pères Blancs), officially the Missionaries of Africa ( la, Missionarii Africae) abbreviated MAfr), are a Roman Catholic society of apostolic life of Pontifical Right (for Men) Founded in 1868 by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of Saint Anne, Jerusalem
la, Ecclesia S. Anna ar, كنيسة القديسة حنة he, כנסיית סנטה אנה , image = Jerusalem St Anna BW 2.JPG , caption = Exterior view , location = Old City of Jerusalem , geo= , religious_affiliation=Roman Catholic , province= , district= , consecration_year= , status= , leadership = White Fathers , website= , architect= , architecture_type = Romanesque , architecture_style= , facade_direction= , year_completed = 1138 , construction_cost= , specifications = no , capacity= , length= , width= , width_nave= , height_max= , dome_quantity= , dome_height_outer= , dome_height_inner= , dome_dia_outer= , dome_dia_inner= , minaret_quantity= , minaret_height= , spire_quantity= , spire_height= , materials= The Church of Saint Anne (french: Église Sainte-Anne, la, Ecclesia S. Anna, ar, كنيسة القديسة حنة, he, כנסיית סנטה אנה) is a French Roman Catholic church and French national domain located in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of The Flagellation
The Church of the Flagellation is a Roman Catholic church and Christian pilgrimage site located in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, near St. Stephen's Gate (also called Lions' Gate). It is part a Franciscan monastery which also includes the Church of the Condemnation and Imposition of the Cross. The monastery stands at the traditional Second Station of the Cross on the ''Via Dolorosa''. Tradition According to tradition, the church enshrines the spot where Jesus Christ was flogged by Roman soldiers before his journey down the Via Dolorosa to Calvary. However, this tradition is based on the assumption that an area of Roman flagstones, discovered beneath the adjacent Church of the Condemnation and the Convent of the Sisters of Zion, was Gabbatha, or the pavement the Bible describes as the location of Pontius Pilate's judgment of Jesus (). A triple-arched gateway built by Hadrian as an entrance to the eastern forum of Aelia Capitolina was traditionally, but as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Biblique
École biblique et archéologique française de Jérusalem, commonly known as École Biblique, is a French academic establishment in Jerusalem specializing in archaeology and Biblical exegesis. History Foundation The school was founded in 1890 under the name ''École pratique d’études bibliques'' by Marie-Joseph Lagrange, a Dominican priest. Its studies were officially sanctioned by Pope Leo XIII in his papal encyclical '' Providentissimus Deus'' in 1893. Modernist crisis The election of Pope Pius X in 1903 saw the beginning of a conservative reaction against perceived "Modernists" inside the Catholic Church. Père Lagrange, like other scholars involved in the 19th-century renaissance of biblical studies, was suspected of being a Modernist. The historical-critical method was considered suspect by the Vatican. His 1904 book, ''The Historical Method'', drew criticism. In 1905, the Pontifical Biblical Commission issued a caution about two of his methodological principles. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Benoit (archaeologist)
Maurice Benoit, also Pierre-Maurice and Maurice-Marie Benoit (3 August 1906 – 23 April 1987),Pierre Benoit (1906-1987) at National Library of France: Reference information about authors, works and topics. Accessed 10 September 2020. better known as Father Pierre Benoit, was a French priest, , and who became an expert on the archaeology of Jerusalem. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabbatha
Gabbatha (Aramaic גבתא) is the Aramaic name of a place in Jerusalem that is also referred to by the Greek name of (Greek language, Greek ). It is recorded in the gospels to be the place of the trial of Jesus before his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion 30/33 AD. The site of the Convent of the Sisters of Zion, Church of Ecce Homo is traditionally thought to be its location, but archaeological investigation has proven this unlikely. Herod's Palace (Jerusalem), Herod's Palace is a more likely location. Etymology (, from ‘stone’ and ‘covered’) occurs in the Bible only once, in John 19:13. It states that Pontius Pilate: : brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat, in the place that is called Lithostrotos, and in Hebrew Gabbatha. The name "Gabbatha" is an Aramaic word, the language spoken commonly at the time in Judea. It is not a mere translation of ''Lithostrotos'', which properly means the tessellated or mosaic pavement where the judgment-seat s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convent Of The Sisters Of Zion
The Convent of the Sisters of Zion is a Roman Catholic convent of the Congregation of Notre-Dame de Sion, located near the eastern end of the ''Via Dolorosa'' in the Old City of Jerusalem. The convent was built in 1857 by Marie-Alphonse Ratisbonne. The site includes the Church of Ecce Homo, also known as the Basilica of Ecce Homo, named for Pontius Pilate's '' Ecce homo'' speech which is traditionally thought to have taken place on the pavement below the church. History In the first century BC, Herod the Great built a large open-air pool. In the second century, Roman Emperor Hadrian added arched vaulting to enable pavement to be placed over the pool, making it a large cuboid cistern to gather rainwater from guttering on the forum buildings. On the surface, Hadrian built a triple-arched gateway as an entrance to the eastern forum of the Aelia Capitolina in Jerusalem. The northern arch is preserved under the apse of the Basilica of Ecce Homo. By 1857, Marie-Alphonse Ratisbo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of The Condemnation
The Church of the Condemnation and Imposition of the Cross (Hebrew: קפלת ההרשעה וכפיית הצלב) is a Roman Catholic church located within the Franciscan monastery that also contains the Church of the Flagellation in the old city of Jerusalem. The monastery stands at the traditional Second Station of the Cross on the ''Via Dolorosa''. Tradition vs research The church marks the spot traditionally held to be where Jesus took up his cross after being sentenced to death by crucifixion. This tradition is based on the assumption that an area of Roman flagstones, discovered beneath the building and beneath the adjacent Convent of the Sisters of Zion, are those of Gabbatha, the pavement which the Bible describes as the location of Pontius Pilate's judgment of Jesus. Archaeological investigation now indicates that these slabs are the paving of the eastern of two second-century forums built by Hadrian as part of the Aelia Capitolina. Benoit, Pierre (1976), ''The Archaeolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Treason
Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplomats, or its secret services for a hostile and foreign power, or attempting to kill its head of state. A person who commits treason is known in law as a traitor. Historically, in common law countries, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife or that of a master by his servant. Treason (i.e. disloyalty) against one's monarch was known as ''high treason'' and treason against a lesser superior was '' petty treason''. As jurisdictions around the world abolished petty treason, "treason" came to refer to what was historically known as high treason. At times, the term ''traitor'' has been used as a political epithet, regardless of any verifiable treasonable action. In a civil war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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