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Angry Without Borders
Angry Without Borders (), also known as Infinitely Angry, is a revolutionary youth group in Sudan, emerging from Sudanese resistance committees pivotal in the 2019 revolution against Omar al-Bashir. Formed by young activists aged 17 to 24, they were disillusioned by the slow political changes and continued military influence. The group became known for confronting security forces during protests and resisting the Transitional Military Council and the October 2021 coup, advocating for a civilian-led transition. Since the Sudanese civil war began on 15 April 2023, the group has taken up arms alongside the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) against the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), as part of the Popular Resistance. This alignment with the SAF has been controversial, with accusations of legitimising military rule. However, members defend this as a tactical alliance to protect civilians from RSF atrocities. The group also engages in humanitarian efforts, providing food, water, and medical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khartoum State
Khartoum State () is one of the eighteen states of Sudan. Although it is the smallest state by area (22,142 km2), it is the most populous state in Sudan—5,274,321 in the 2008 census, and officially estimated at 7,993,900 in 2018. It contains the ''Triangular capital'' consisting of the capital and largest city by population, Khartoum, as well as the cities of Khartoum North and Omdurman. Khartoum city is the capital of both Khartoum State and Sudan. The three cities are located in the heart of Sudan at the confluence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile, where the two rivers unite to form the River Nile. The confluence of the two rivers creates a unique effect. As they join, each river retains its own color: the White Nile with its bright whiteness and the Blue Nile with its alluvial brown color. These colors are more visible in the flood season. The state lies between longitudes 31.5 to 34°E and latitudes 15 to 16°N. It is surrounded by River Nile State in the north-eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudanese Transition To Democracy (2019–2021)
A series of political agreements among Sudanese political and military forces for a democratic transition in Sudan began in July 2019. Omar al-Bashir overthrew the democratically elected government of Sadiq al-Mahdi 1989 Sudanese coup d'état, in 1989 and was himself overthrown in the 2019 Sudanese coup d'état, in which he was replaced by the Transitional Military Council (2019), Transitional Military Council (TMC) after 2018–19 Sudanese protests, months of sustained street protests. Following further protests and the 3 June Khartoum massacre, TMC and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) alliance agreed on 5 July 2019 to a 39-month transition process to return to democracy, including the creation of executive, legislative and judicial institutions and procedures. On July 17, 2019, the TMC and FFC signed a written form of the agreement. The Darfur Displaced General Coordination opposed the 5 July verbal deal, and the Sudan Revolutionary Front, the National Consensus Forces, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Sudanese Coup D'état
On 25 October 2021, the Sudanese military, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, took control of the Government of Sudan in a military coup. At least five senior government figures were initially detained. Civilian Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok refused to declare support for the coup and on 25 October called for popular resistance; he was confined to house arrest on 26 October. Internet outages were reported. Later the same day, the Sovereignty Council was dissolved, a state of emergency was put in place, and a majority of the Hamdok Cabinet and a number of pro-government supporters were arrested. , the list of those detained included "government ministers, members of political parties, lawyers, civil society activists, journalists, human rights defenders, and protest leaders", who were held in secret locations, without access to their families or lawyers. Key civilian groups including the Sudanese Professionals Association and Forces of Freedom and Change called for civil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudanese Resistance Committees
The Sudanese resistance committees () or neighbourhood committees are informal, grassroots neighbourhood networks of Sudanese residents that started organising civil disobedience campaigns against the government of Omar al-Bashir in 2013 and became a major organised network playing a key role during the Sudanese Revolution. Creation In 2013, civil disobedience in protest against the reduction of fuel and gas subsidies during the government of Omar al-Bashir was dealt with by security forces with lethal force, killing 200 protestors and detaining another 200. In response, resistance committees were created groups of typically three to five friends, to organise small-scale civil disobedience activities. The committees developed a loose network during 2013–2016. In late 2016, the committees organised a 3-day civil disobedience campaign and doctors and pharmacists went on strike over medical costs and "the deteriorating medical environment". This motivated the resistance committee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Resistance Of Sudan
The Popular Resistance ( ''Al-Muqawamat ash-Sha'abiyah''), also known as the Popular mobilisation (), is a coalition of armed factions in Sudan that was formed in response to the ongoing conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). This conflict, rooted in a power struggle within the country's military structure, erupted into full-scale war on 15 April 2023. General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, leading the SAF, initiated the Popular Resistance to unite various political and social groups under the banner of "national dignity." Although lacking a formal arsenal, the resistance receives direct support and military training from the SAF. This mass mobilisation has seen the training of thousands of civilians across Sudan, prepared for combat to defend against the RSF's aggressive expansion and severe human rights violations. The RSF's control over northern regions, like Gezira state, which was marked by severe atrocities, prompted widespread civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emergency Response Rooms
The Emergency Response Rooms (ERRs) () in Sudan, a community-led initiative formed by the resistance committees behind the 2019 revolution, have played a crucial role in providing humanitarian aid during the Sudanese civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which began in April 2023. , ERRs had assisted over 11.5 million people, evacuating thousands and supplying essential resources like clean water and medical supplies. Despite being targeted and facing violence, ERRs remain a symbol of decolonised aid, funded by communities and external donors. Their efforts have been praised by the European Union and, the initiative was nominated to the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize by the Peace Research Institute Oslo. History The Emergency Response Rooms (ERRs) in Sudan is a community-led initiative that emerged from the Sudanese resistance committees which spearheaded the 2019 revolution. "Rooms" in ERRs refers to WhatsApp group chats that are use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudanese Revolution
The Sudanese revolution () was a major shift of political power in Sudan that started with street protests throughout Sudan on 19 December 2018 and continued with sustained civil disobedience for about eight months, during which the 2019 Sudanese coup d'état deposed President Omar al-Bashir on 11 April after thirty years in power, 3 June Khartoum massacre took place under the leadership of the Transitional Military Council (TMC) that replaced al-Bashir, and in July and August 2019 the TMC and the Forces of Freedom and Change alliance (FFC) signed a Political Agreement and a Draft Constitutional Declaration legally defining a planned 39-month phase of transitional state institutions and procedures to return Sudan to a civilian democracy. In August and September 2019, the TMC formally transferred executive power to a mixed military–civilian collective head of state, the Sovereignty Council of Sudan, and to a civilian prime minister, Abdalla Hamdok and a mostly civili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omar Al-Bashir
Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir (born 1 January 1944) is a Sudanese former military officer and politician who served as Head of state of Sudan, Sudan's head of state under various titles from 1989 until 2019, when he was deposed in 2019 Sudanese coup d'état, a coup d'état. He was subsequently incarcerated, tried and convicted on multiple corruption charges. Al-Bashir came to power in 1989 when, as a brigadier general in the Sudanese Army, he led a group of officers in 1989 Sudanese coup d'état, a military coup that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister Sadiq al-Mahdi after it began negotiations with rebels in the south; he subsequently replaced President Ahmed al-Mirghani as head of state. He was elected three times as president in elections that have been under scrutiny for electoral fraud. In 1992, al-Bashir founded the National Congress Party (Sudan), National Congress Party, which remained the dominant political party in the country until 2019. In Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transitional Military Council (2019)
The Transitional Military Council (TMC) was the military junta governing Sudan that was established on 11 April 2019, after the 2019 Sudanese coup d'état that took place during the Sudanese Revolution, and was formally headed by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Inspector of the Armed Forces, after Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf resigned as leader one day following the coup. The TMC and the Forces of Freedom and Change alliance (FFC) signed a political agreement on 17 July. On 4 August, a constitutional declaration, which followed up on the 17 July agreement, was completed. The agreements provided for the transfer of power to a new body known as the Sovereignty Council and to other transitional state bodies. Structure and members Lieutenant General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo ("Hemetti") was formally the deputy leader but seen as the ''de facto'' real leader. On 21 August 2019, the Sovereignty Council was established, officially dissolving the TMC and transferring power to the new council. Leader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudanese Civil War (2023–present)
A civil war began on 15 April 2023 between two rival factions of the military government of Sudan. The conflict involves the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), commanded by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (commonly known as Hemedti), who also leads the broader Janjaweed coalition. Several smaller armed groups have also taken part. Fighting has been concentrated Battle of Khartoum (2023–2025), in the capital, Khartoum, where the conflict began with large-scale battles, and in the Darfur region. Many civilians in Darfur have been reported dead as part of the Masalit massacres (2023–present), Masalit massacres, which have been described as ethnic cleansing or genocide. Sudan has been described as facing the world’s worst humanitarian crisis; nearly 25 million people are experiencing Famine in Sudan (2024–present), extreme hunger. On 7 January 2025, the United States said it had determined that the RSF ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudanese Armed Forces
The Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF; ) are the military forces of the Republic of the Sudan. The force strength has been estimated at personnel in 2011 (by IISS), 200,000 personnel before the current war in Sudan broke out in 2023 (by the CIA), and 300,000 personnel in 2024 (by Al Jazeera). In 2016–2017, the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) had members participating in the Yemeni Civil War (of which returned to Sudan by October 2019). As of 2025, the SAF and RSF remain in armed conflict against one other in the ongoing civil war in Sudan. History The origins of the Sudanese army can be traced to six battalions of black soldiers from southern Sudan, recruited by the British during the reconquest of Sudan in 1898. Sudan officially became the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1899. The highest-ranking British officer in Egypt, known as the Sirdar, also served as Governor General of the Sudan. In 1922, after nationalist riots stimulated by Egyptian leader Saad Zaghloul, Egyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rapid Support Forces
The Rapid Support Forces (RSF; ) is a paramilitary force formerly operated by the government of Sudan. The RSF grew out of, and is primarily composed of, the Janjaweed militias which previously fought on behalf of the Sudanese government. RSF has been administered by the General Intelligence Service (Sudan), National Intelligence and Security Service, while during military operations it has been commanded by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). , the commander is General Hemedti (Muhamed Hamdan Dagalo). During the 2018–19 Sudanese protests, Sudanese political crisis of 2019, the 2019 Sudanese coup d'état, military junta that took control of the country employed the RSF to violently crack down on pro-democracy demonstrators. Along with other security forces, RSF carried out the Khartoum massacre on 3 June 2019. On 15 April 2023, Sudanese civil war (2023–present), fighting broke out between the RSF and the SAF after the RSF mobilized its forces in cities across Sudan, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
