Angelo Ardinghi
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Angelo Ardinghi
Angelo Ardinghi (1850–1897) was an Italian wood engraver. He was born in Forte de' Marmi near Pietrasanta in the province of Lucca. He first trained in Siena with Giulio Tadini, then in 1863, moved to the Istituto di Belle Arti, working under the engraver P. Giusti. At Siena, he won a number of competitions there. He obtained a stipend from the province of Lucca, and moved to Bologna to work under professor Francesco Ratti, and from there to Milan, where he opened a studio for wood engraving Wood engraving is a printmaking technique, in which an artist works an image into a block of wood. Functionally a variety of woodcut, it uses relief printing, where the artist applies ink to the face of the block and prints using relatively l .... He became a professor of xylography ( wood-cut engraving) at the Scuola professionale of Florence.
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Forte Dei Marmi
Forte dei Marmi () is an Italian sea town and ''comune'' located in the province of Lucca, in northern Tuscany, overlooking the Ligurian Sea. Tourism is the principal activity of Forte dei Marmi's citizens. The population of the town, amounting to some 7,700, nearly triples during the summer, because of the hundreds of tourists who mainly come from Florence, Milan, Germany, and Russia. Forte dei Marmi is one of the major destinations which attract the Italian upper class. The city contains a gate built in a former bog, a historical artifact that relates to strategic planning by the ancient Roman army. Toponymy In Italian ''Forte dei Marmi'' means "Fort of the marbles". The town takes its name from the fortress that rises in the middle of the main square, built under Grand Duke Peter Leopold, who was to become Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1788. The fortress was built to defend the coast from outer attacks, but in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century it became the ...
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Pietrasanta
Pietrasanta is a town and ''comune'' on the coast of northern Tuscany in Italy, in the province of Lucca. Pietrasanta is part of Versilia, on the last foothills of the Apuan Alps, about north of Pisa. The town is located off the coast, where the ''frazione'' of Marina di Pietrasanta is located. It is situated on the main road and rail link from Pisa to Genova, just north of Viareggio. History The town has Ancient Rome, Roman origins and part of the Roman wall still exists. The medieval town was founded in 1255 upon the pre-existing "Rocca di Sala" fortress of the Lombards by Luca Guiscardo da Pietrasanta, from whom it got its name. Pietrasanta was at its height a part of the Republic of Genoa (1316–1328). The town is first mentioned in 1331 in records of Genoa, when it became a part of the Republic of Lucca, Lucca along with the river port of Motrone, and was held until 1430. At that time it passed back to Genoa until 1484, when it was annexed to the House of Medici, Med ...
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Lucca
Città di Lucca ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its Province of Lucca, province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era Walls of Lucca, city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a tower that dates from the 14th century and the Cathedral of San Martino. The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini. Toponymy To the Ancient Rome, Ancient Romans, Lucca was known as ''Luca''. From more recent and concrete toponymic studies, the name Lucca has references that lead to "sacred grove" (Latin: ''lucus''), " ...
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Siena
Siena ( , ; traditionally spelled Sienna in English; ) is a city in Tuscany, in central Italy, and the capital of the province of Siena. It is the twelfth most populated city in the region by number of inhabitants, with a population of 52,991 as of 2025. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking centre until the 13th and 14th centuries. Siena is also home to the List of oldest banks in continuous operation, oldest bank in the world, the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, Monte dei Paschi, which has been operating continuously since . Several significant Mediaeval and Renaissance painters were born and worked in Siena, among them Duccio di Buoninsegna, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Simone Martini and Stefano di Giovanni, Sassetta, and influenced the course of Italian and European art. The University of Siena, originally called ''Studium Senese'', was founded in 1240, making it one of the List of oldest universities in continuous oper ...
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Giulio Tadini
Giulio () is an Italian given name. It is also used as a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name A–K * Giulio Alberoni (1664–1752), Italian cardinal and statesman * Giulio Alenio (1582–1649), Italian Jesuit missionary and scholar * Giulio Alfieri (1924–2002), Italian automobile engineer * Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013), Italian politician * Giulio Carlo Argan (1909–1992), Italian politician and art historian * Giulio Base (born 1964), Italian film director * Giulio Berruti (born 1984), Italian film and television actor * Giulio Bizzozero (1846–1901), Italian physician * Giulio Bosetti (1930–2009), Italian actor and director * Giulio Brogi (1935–2019), Italian actor * Giulio Caccini ( 1545–1618), Florentine composer, significant innovator of the early Baroque era * Giulio Calì (1895–1967), Italian actor * Giulio Camillo ( 1480–1544), Italian philosopher * Giulio Campagnola ( 1482–1515), Italian painter * Giulio Campi (1500–1572), It ...
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Bologna
Bologna ( , , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is the List of cities in Italy, seventh most populous city in Italy, with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its Metropolitan City of Bologna, metropolitan province is home to more than 1 million people. Bologna is most famous for being the home to the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest university in continuous operation,Top Universities
''World University Rankings'' Retrieved 6 January 2010
Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, , p. 55f.de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde

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Francesco Ratti
Francesco Ratti (19 September 1819, Milan – 17 December 1895, Bologna) was an Italian engraver. Biography He studied painting, then engraving under Luigi Sacchi. In the studio of Sacchi he completed illustrations for a publication of ''The Betrothed (Manzoni novel), I Promessi Sposi'' of Alessandro Manzoni. Later with his colleagues in Milan, he founded a school of engraving attended by Giuseppe Balbiani, G. Gallieni, and Giuseppe Centenari. In 1845, he won a silver medal for work displayed at the Brera Academy. In 1847 he moved to Turin to work under the Pomba publishing house. In 1848, due to political tumult, ''il Mondo illustrato'' ceased printing; Ratti moved to Genoa, then Milan, then again to Turin, where ''il Mondo illustrato'', was reissued. Mamiani, minister of public education, named Ratti to the position of directing a newly founded school of wood-engraving at the Academy of Fine Arts of Bologna. He was prolific as an engraver for journals and books, for example, dep ...
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