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André Muhirwa
André Muhirwa (1920 – 28 April 2003) was a Burundian politician who served as prime minister of Burundi from 1961 to 1963. He became prime minister following the assassination of his predecessor, Louis Rwagasore. A member of the Union for National Progress (UPRONA), he previously served as Council of Ministers (Burundi), Minister of the Interior from September to October 1961. Early life André Muhirwa was born in 1920 in Murete, Ruanda-Urundi. He was the son of Mbanzabugabo, a prominent chief. He belonged to the Batare lineage of the Ganwa ethnicity. Following the death of his father in 1930 and his protests over the former's appointed successor, the Belgian Residency forced him into exile with his brothers in Tanganyika (territory), Tanganyika. Muhirwa and his brothers returned to Burundi in late 1931. With the assistance of a Catholic priest, he studied at the Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare, Groupe Scolaire de Astrida, graduating in 1942. From then until 1944 he served ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Burundi
This article lists the prime ministers of Burundi since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Burundi in 1961 until the present day. The office of Prime Minister was most recently abolished in 1998, and reinstated in 2020 with the appointment of Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni. Counting both the Kingdom of Burundi, Kingdom and Republic periods, a total of fifteen people have served in the office (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Additionally, two people, Pierre Ngendandumwe and Albin Nyamoya, served on two non-consecutive occasions. The current prime minister is Gervais Ndirakobuca, since 7 September 2022. List of officeholders ;Political parties ;Other factions ;Status Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Burundi Prime ministers of the Republic of Burundi Timeline See also * Politics of Burundi * List of kings of Burundi * President of Burundi ** List of presidents of Burundi * Vice-President of Burundi * List of colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi ** List ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mwami
''Mwami'' () is an honorific title common in parts of Central and East Africa. The title means ''chief'' or ''tribal chief'' in several Bantu languages. It was historically used by kings in several African nations, and is still used for traditional kings or rulers of regions within several African nation-states. Tribal chief In several Bantu languages − including Kirundi, Kinyarwanda, Nande, Lega, Luhya, and Chitonga − the word ''mwami'' means "tribal chief". It is used as a title for the leader of tribal societies or chiefdoms in areas where those languages are spoken. In addition, ''mwami'' means either "chief" or "husband" in Luganda. It is used as a title for administrative chief in Luganda-speaking chiefdoms around the African Great Lakes region, though it can also be used as a general honorific for men, similar to English '' Mr.'' Traditional chiefs of the Lenje and the Ila people of Zambia, and the Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe also use the honorific. Et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motion Of No Confidence
A motion or vote of no confidence (or the inverse, a motion or vote of confidence) is a motion and corresponding vote thereon in a deliberative assembly (usually a legislative body) as to whether an officer (typically an executive) is deemed fit to continue to occupy their office. The no-confidence vote is a defining constitutional element of a parliamentary system, in which the government's/executive's mandate rests upon the continued support (or at least non-opposition) of the majority in the legislature. Systems differ in whether such a motion may be directed against the prime minister, against the government (this could be a majority government or a minority government/coalition government), against individual cabinet ministers, against the cabinet as a whole, or some combination of the above. A censure motion is different from a no-confidence motion. In a parliamentary system, a vote of no confidence leads to the resignation of the prime minister and cabinet, or, depen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thaddée Siryuyumunsi
Thaddée Siryuyumunsi was a Burundian politician who served as President of the National Assembly from 1961 to 1965. Early life Ethnically, Siryuyumunsi was Tutsi-Hima. He was educated at the Groupe Scolaire de Astrida. He subsequently worked for the Belgian Residency of Urundi, served as the private secretary of Mwami Mwambutsa IV, and headed the Nyabikere chiefdom. Political career Siryuyumunsi became an active supporter of Louis Rwagasore and his political party, the Union for National Progress (''Union pour le Progrès national'', UPRONA). On 18 September 1961 national elections were held in Burundi to determine the composition of the new Legislative Assembly. UPRONA secured an overwhelming majority, and Siryuyumunsi was elected to a seat from the Karuzi constituency. On 28 September Siryuyumunsi was elected President of the Legislative Assembly. During his parliamentary tenure he remained closely affiliated to the Mwami. On 13 October 1961 Prime Minister Rwagasore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claver Nuwinkware
Pierre-Claver Nuwinkware (Kirundi: Petro Claveri Nuwinkware; died 1972) was a Burundian politician. Early life Pierre-Claver Nuwinkware was ethnically Hutu. He was educated in Catholic schools. Political career Nuwinkware was a member of the Union for National Progress (''Union pour le Progrès national''). In September 1961 Louis Rwagasore became Prime Minister of Burundi and formed a government with Nuwinkware as Ministry of Justice (Burundi), Minister of Justice. Following Rwagasore's assassination, André Muhirwa became prime minister. Politically, Muhirwa worked to prevent Hutus from gaining influence in government. Nevertheless, Nuwinkware remained a loyal member of his cabinet. He signed the promulgation order of the 1962 Constitution of the Kingdom of Burundi along with Mwami Mwambutsa IV of Burundi, Mwambutsa IV and Muhirwa. Mwambutsa attempted to intervene in national politics to temper ethnic and political divides, but Nuwinkware resisted this, garnering the Mwami's i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Kingdom Of Burundi
The Definitive Constitution of the Kingdom of Burundi (; ), sometimes called the "independence constitution", was the constitution of the independent Kingdom of Burundi from its promulgation in 1962 until its suspension in 1966. Background From 1919 to 1962 Burundi was governed as a mandatory territory by Belgium as part of Ruanda-Urundi. The Belgian administration exercised authority on the basis of decrees, regulations, and by-laws, but never produced a formal constitution. A provisional constitution was promulgated in November 1961. It was repealed on 30 June 1962, the day before independence. Following adoption by the National Assembly, the constitution was promulgated on 16 October 1962 with retroactive application to 1 July. The promulgation order was signed by Mwami Mwambutsa IV, Prime Minister André Muhirwa, and Minister of Justice Claver Nuwinkware. Framework and provisions Overview The constitution was largely based on the Belgian and French legal systems, bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Broadcast Information Service
The Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) was an open source intelligence component of the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Science and Technology. It monitored, translated, and disseminated within the U.S. government openly available news and information from media sources outside the United States. Its headquarters was in Rosslyn, later Reston, Virginia, and it maintained approximately 20 monitoring stations worldwide. In November 2005, it was announced that FBIS would become the newly formed Open Source Center, tasked with the collection and analysis of publicly available intelligence. History On 26 February 1941, President Roosevelt directed that $150,000 be allocated for creation of the Foreign Broadcast Monitoring Service (FBMS) under the authority of the Federal Communications Commission. The mandate of the FBMS was to record, translate, transcribe and analyze shortwave propaganda radio programs that were being beamed at the United States by the Axi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Burundi
The Kingdom of Burundi (), also known as Kingdom of Urundi (), was a Bantu peoples, Bantu kingdom in the modern-day Burundi, Republic of Burundi. The Ganwa monarchs (with the title of ''List of kings of Burundi, mwami'') ruled over both Hutus and Tutsis. Created in the 16th century, the kingdom was preserved under German East Africa, German and Ruanda-Urundi, Belgian colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th century and was an independent state between 1962 and 1966. History Early history and expansion The date of the foundation of the Kingdom of Burundi is unknown, and the exact context of the state's foundation are disputed. The region was originally inhabited by Twa hunter-gatherers before the influx of Bantu peoples, Bantu farmers from about the 11th century. The valleys and hills became home to a patchwork of farmers, fishermen, and foragers. Pastoralists (associated with cattle) arrived in waves. Based on societal and oral traditions, it is generally believed that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Headquarters
The headquarters of the United Nations (UN) is on of grounds in the Turtle Bay, Manhattan, Turtle Bay neighborhood of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It borders First Avenue (Manhattan), First Avenue to the west, 42nd Street (Manhattan), 42nd Street to the south, 48th Street (Manhattan), 48th Street to the north, and the East River to the east. Completed in 1952, the complex consists of several structures, including the United Nations Secretariat Building, Secretariat, United Nations Conference Building, Conference, and United Nations General Assembly Building, General Assembly buildings, and the Dag Hammarskjöld Library. The complex was designed by a board of architects led by Wallace Harrison and built by the architectural firm Harrison & Abramovitz, with final projects developed by Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier. The term ''Turtle Bay'' is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole. The headquarters holds the seats of the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Trusteeship Council
The United Nations Trusteeship Council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, established to help ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security. The trust territories—most of them former mandates of the League of Nations or territories taken from nations defeated at the end of World War II—have all now attained self-government or independence, either as separate nations or by joining neighbouring independent countries. The last was Palau, formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which became a member state of the United Nations in December 1994. History Provisions to form a new UN agency to oversee the decolonization of dependent territories from colonial times were made at the San Francisco Conference in 1945 and were specified Chapter 12 of the Charter of the United Nations. Those dependent territories ( colonies and mandated territories) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western World
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and state (polity), states in Western Europe, Northern America, and Australasia; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West. The Western world likewise is called the Occident () in contrast to the Eastern world known as the Orient (). Definitions of the "Western world" vary according to context and perspectives; the West is an evolving concept made up of cultural, political, and economic synergy among diverse groups of people, and not a rigid region with fixed borders and members. Some historians contend that a linear development of the West can be traced from Greco-Roman world, Ancient Greece and Rome, while others argue that such a projection constructs a false genealogy. A geographical concept of the West started to take shape in the 4th century CE when Constantine the Great, Constantine, the first Christian Roman emperor, divided the Roman Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Mirerekano
Paul Mirerekano (1921 – October 1965) was a Burundian politician. Ethnically Hutu, he worked as an agronomist for the Belgian colonial administration in Ruanda-Urundi before starting a successful market garden in Bugarama. Politically, he was a nationalist, monarchist, and advocate for Hutu civil rights. He was a leading member of Louis Rwagasore's political party, the Union for National Progress (UPRONA), and in 1961 served as the organisation's interim president. Rwagasore's assassination in 1961 fueled a rivalry between Mirerekano and Prime Minister André Muhirwa, as both men claimed to be the heirs to Rwagasore's legacy and sought to take control of UPRONA. The controversy led to the coalescing of two factions in the party, with Mirerekano leading what became known as the Hutu-dominated "Monrovia group". His criticism of Muhirwa and his successor led him to be arrested on several occasions, but in 1965 he was elected to a seat in the National Assembly representing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
