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Andreas Kappeler
Andreas Kappeler (born 1943) is a Swiss historian. He is professor emeritus for the history of Eastern Europe at the University of Vienna. Life Kappeler was born in Winterthur, Switzerland on September 20, 1943. From 1962 to 1969, he studied history, slavistics, ''publizistik'' (roughly communication science) and history of Eastern Europe at the universities of Zurich and Vienna. He spent extensive periods in Paris, Helsinki, and Moscow in the following years before he became a professor for East European History at the University of Cologne. In 1998 he moved to the University of Vienna, where in 2006 he initiated the ''Doctoral Programme Austrian Galicia and its Multicultural Heritage''. Until 2016, he remained the responsible editor for one of the most reputable journals in East European studies, the '' Jahrbücher für Osteuropäische Geschichte''. Academic research Kappeler's research focus is the Russia of the modern era with a special focus on the different nationaliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss People
The Swiss people (german: die Schweizer, french: les Suisses, it, gli Svizzeri, rm, ils Svizzers) are the citizens of Switzerland or people of Swiss ancestry. The number of Swiss nationals has grown from 1.7 million in 1815 to 8.7 million in 2020. More than 1.5 million Swiss citizens hold multiple citizenship. About 11% of citizens live abroad (0.8 million, of whom 0.6 million hold multiple citizenship). About 60% of those living abroad reside in the European Union (0.46 million). The largest groups of Swiss descendants and nationals outside Europe are found in the United States, Brazil and Canada. Although the modern state of Switzerland originated in 1848, the period of romantic nationalism, it is not a nation-state, and the Swiss are not a single ethnic group, but rather are a confederacy (') or ' ("nation of will", "nation by choice", that is, a consociational state), a term coined in conscious contrast to "nation" in the conventionally linguistic or ethnic sens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habilitation
Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including a dissertation. The degree, abbreviated "Dr. habil." (Doctor habilitatus) or "PD" (for "Privatdozent"), is a qualification for professorship in those countries. The conferral is usually accompanied by a lecture to a colloquium as well as a public inaugural lecture. History and etymology The term ''habilitation'' is derived from the Medieval Latin , meaning "to make suitable, to fit", from Classical Latin "fit, proper, skillful". The degree developed in Germany in the seventeenth century (). Initially, habilitation was synonymous with "doctoral qualification". The term became synonymous with "post-doctoral qualification" in Germany in the 19th century "when holding a doctorate seemed no longer sufficient to guarantee a proficient transfe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Era
The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also called modern history or modern times) is the period of history that succeeds the Middle Ages (which ended approximately 1500 AD). This terminology is a historical periodization that is applied primarily to European and Western history. The modern era can be further divided as follows: * The early modern period lasted from c. AD 1500 to 1800 and resulted in wide-ranging intellectual, political and economic change. It brought with it the Age of Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and an Age of Revolutions, beginning with those in America and France and later spreading in other countries, partly as a result of upheavals of the Napoleonic Wars. * The late modern period began around 1800 with the end of the political revolutions in the late 18th century and involved the transition from a world dominated by imperial and colonial powers into one of nations and nationhood following the two great world wars, World War I a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian History
The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. The traditional start-date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in 862, ruled by Varangians. Staraya Ladoga and Novgorod became the first major cities of the new union of immigrants from Scandinavia with the Slavs and Finns. In 882, Prince Oleg of Novgorod seized Kiev, thereby uniting the northern and southern lands of the Eastern Slavs under one authority, moving the governance center to Kiev by the end of the 10th century, and maintaining northern and southern parts with significant autonomy from each other. The state adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated as a state due to the Mongol invasions in 1237–1240 along with the resulting deaths of significant numbers of the population, and with the numero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universität Zu Köln
The University of Cologne (german: Universität zu Köln) is a university in Cologne, Germany. It was established in the year 1388 and is one of the most prestigious and research intensive universities in Germany. It was the sixth university to be established in Central Europe. It closed in 1798 before being re-established in 1919. It is now one of the largest universities in Germany with more than 48,000 students. The University of Cologne was a university of excellence as part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative from 2012 to 2019. As of 2021, 3 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university. Professors and former students have won 11 Leibniz Prizes, the most prestigious as well as the best-funded prize in Europe. History 1388–1798 The university of Cologne was established in 1388 as the fourth university in the Holy Roman Empire, after the Charles University of Prague (1348), the University of Vienna (1365) and the Ruprecht Karl University of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mari (Volk)
Mari may refer to: Places *Mari, Paraíba, Brazil, a city *Mari, Cyprus, a village *Mari, Greece, a village, site of ancient town of Marius *Mari, Iran (other), places in Iran *Mari, Punjab, a village and a union council in Pakistan *Mari, Syria, ancient Near Eastern city-state *Mari El, a republic in Russia **Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990), an administrative division of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, and a predecessor to the Mari El mentioned above. **Mari Autonomous Oblast (1920–1936), an administrative division of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, and a predecessor to the Mari ASSR. *Mari (crater), an impact crater on Mars Religion *Mari (goddess), Basque goddess *Māri or Mariamman, Indian goddess *Mari Native Religion, surviving pagan religion People and fictional characters *Mari (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name *Mari (surname), a list of people *Abba Mari (c. 1250–c. 1306), Provençal ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
