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Ancylostomiasis
Ancylostomiasis is a hookworm disease caused by infection with '' Ancylostoma'' hookworms. The name is derived from Greek ancylos αγκύλος "crooked, bent" and stoma στόμα "mouth". Ancylostomiasis is also known as miner's anaemia, tunnel disease, brickmaker's anaemia and Egyptian chlorosis. Helminthiasis may also refer to ancylostomiasis, but this term also refers to all other parasitic worm diseases as well. In the United Kingdom, if acquired in the context of working in a mine, the condition is eligible for Industrial Injuries Disability Benefit. It is a prescribed disease (B4) under the relevant legislation.§ Ancylostomiasis is caused when hookworms, present in large numbers, produce an iron deficiency anemia by sucking blood from the host's intestinal walls. Signs and symptoms Depending on the organism, the signs and symptoms vary. '' Ancylostoma duodenale'' and ''Necator americanus'' can enter the blood stream while '' Ancylostoma braziliensis'' cannot. Signs a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hookworm Disease
Hookworm infection is an infection by a type of helminths, intestinal parasite known as a hookworm. Initially, itching and a rash may occur at the site of infection. Those only affected by a few worms may show no symptoms. Those infected by many worms may experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue, tiredness. The mental and physical development of children may be affected. Anemia may result. Two common hookworm infections in humans are ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis, caused by the species ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' and ''Necator americanus'' respectively. Hookworm eggs are deposited in the stools of infected people. If these end up in the environment, they can hatch into larvae (immature worms), which can then penetrate the skin. One type can also be spread through contaminated food. Risk factors include walking barefoot in warm climates, where sanitation is poor. Diagnosis is by examination of a stool sample with a microscope. The risk of infection can be r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancylostoma Duodenale
''Ancylostoma duodenale'' is a species of the roundworm genus '' Ancylostoma''. It is a parasitic nematode worm and commonly known as the Old World hookworm. It lives in the small intestine especially the jejunum of definitive hosts, generally humans, where it is able to mate and mature. ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' and ''Necator americanus'' are the two human hookworm species that are normally discussed together as the cause of hookworm infection. They are dioecious. ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' is abundant throughout the world, including Southern Europe, North Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia, some areas in the United States, the Caribbean, and South America. Characteristics ''A. duodenale'' is small, cylindrical worm, greyish-white in color. It has two ventral plates on the anterior margin of the buccal capsule. Each of them has two large teeth that are fused at their bases. A pair of small teeth can be found in the depths of the buccal capsule. Males are 8–11 mm long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancylostoma Ceylanicum
''Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' is a parasitic roundworm belonging to the genus '' Ancylostoma''. It is a hookworm both of humans and of other mammals such as dogs, cats, and golden hamsters. It is the only zoonotic hookworm species that is able to produce symptomatic infections in humans, with the majority of cases being in Southeast Asia. Discovery and history Since the description of ''Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' by Arthur Looss in 1911, and '' A. braziliense'' by Gomes de Faria in 1910, the two species were considered synonymous because of their apparent similarities in almost all respects. In 1913, comparison of specimens from human, dog, cat and lion infections in India led to the conclusion that they were definitely identical. In 1915 Gomes de Faria described the anatomical structures and concluded that the two were distinct species. Until 1921 ''A. ceylanicum'' was accepted as a valid species. However, in 1922 Gordon made an exhaustive comparison from specimens collected in Braz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gotthardtunnel Bauzug
The Gotthard Tunnel (, ) is a railway tunnel that forms the summit of the Gotthard Railway in Switzerland. It connects Göschenen with Airolo and was the first tunnel through the Saint-Gotthard Massif in order to bypass the St Gotthard Pass. It was built as single bore tunnel accommodating a standard gauge double-track railway throughout. When opened in 1882, the Gotthard Tunnel was the longest tunnel in the world. The tunnel rises from the northern portal at Göschenen () and the highest point () is reached after approximately . After two more kilometers, the border between the cantons of Uri and Ticino is passed; after another , the tunnel ends at the southern portal near to Airolo (). The trip takes about seven to eight minutes by train. Services are operated by the Swiss Federal Railways. History Background The origins of the Gotthard Tunnel and its construction can be traced back to the widely-felt desire to improve interconnectivity between the European nations. Even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene or under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, and abbreviations such as perc (or PERC), and PCE, is a chlorocarbon with the formula . It is a non-flammable, stable, colorless and heavy liquid widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and occasionally as a highly effective automotive brake cleaner. It has a mildly sweet, sharp odor, detectable by most people at a concentration of 50 ppm. Tetrachloroethylene is regarded as a toxic substance, a human health hazard, and an environmental hazard. In 2020, the United States Environmental Protection Agency stated that "tetrachloroethylene exposure may harm the nervous system, liver, kidneys, and reproductive system, and may be harmful to unborn children", and reported that numerous toxicology agencies regard it as a carcinogen. History and production French chemist Henri Victor Regnault first synthesized tetrachloroethylene in 1839 by thermal decomposition of hexachloroethane f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gotthard Tunnel
The Gotthard Tunnel (, ) is a railway tunnel that forms the summit of the Gotthard Railway in Switzerland. It connects Göschenen with Airolo and was the first tunnel through the Saint-Gotthard Massif in order to bypass the St Gotthard Pass. It was built as single bore tunnel accommodating a standard gauge double-track railway throughout. When opened in 1882, the Gotthard Tunnel was the longest tunnel in the world. The tunnel rises from the northern portal at Göschenen () and the highest point () is reached after approximately . After two more kilometers, the border between the cantons of Uri and Ticino is passed; after another , the tunnel ends at the southern portal near to Airolo (). The trip takes about seven to eight minutes by train. Services are operated by the Swiss Federal Railways. History Background The origins of the Gotthard Tunnel and its construction can be traced back to the widely-felt desire to improve interconnectivity between the European nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. Anemia that comes on quickly often has more severe symptoms, including confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out or increased thirst. Anemia is typically significant before a person becomes noticeably pale. Children with iron deficiency anemia may have problems with growth and development. There may be additional symptoms depending on the underlying cause. Iron-deficiency anemia is caused by blood loss, insufficient dietary intake, or poor absorption of iron from food. Sources of blood loss can include heavy periods, childbirth, uterine fibroids, stomach ulcers, colon cancer, and urinary tract bleeding. Poor absorption of iron from food may occur as a result of an intesti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imidazole
Imidazole (ImH) is an organic compound with the formula . It is a white or colourless solid that is soluble in water, producing a mildly alkaline solution. It can be classified as a heterocycle, specifically as a diazole. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam. When fused to a pyrimidine ring, it forms a purine, which is the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing Heterocyclic compound, heterocycle in nature. The name "imidazole" was coined in 1887 by the German chemist Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch (1857–1935). Structure and properties Imidazole is a planar 5-membered ring, that exists in two equivalent tautomeric f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancylostoma
''Ancylostoma'' is a genus of nematodes that includes some species of hookworms. Species include: : ''Ancylostoma braziliense ''Ancylostoma braziliense'' is a species of hookworm belonging to the genus ''Ancylostoma''. It is an intestinal parasite of domestic cats and dogs. Severe infection is often fatal to these pets, especially in puppies and kittens. The infection i ...'', commonly infects cats, popularly known in Brazil as ''bicho-geográfico'' : '' Ancylostoma caninum'', commonly infects dogs : '' Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' : '' Ancylostoma duodenale'' : '' Ancylostoma pluridentatum'', commonly infects sylvatic cats : '' Ancylostoma tubaeforme'', infects cats along with other hosts See also * Ancylostomiasis * List of parasites (human) External links * Ancylostomatidae Rhabditida genera {{Rhabditida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Sulfate
Sodium sulfate (also known as sodium sulphate or sulfate of soda) is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. It is mainly used as a filler in the manufacture of powdered home laundry detergents and in the Kraft process of paper pulping for making highly alkaline sulfides. Forms *Anhydrous sodium sulfate, known as the rare mineral thénardite, used as a drying agent in organic synthesis. *Heptahydrate sodium sulfate, a very rare form. *Decahydrate sodium sulfate, known as the mineral mirabilite, widely used by chemical industry. It is also known as Glauber's salt. History The decahydrate of sodium sulfate is known as Glauber's salt after the Netherlands, Dutch–Germany, German chemist and apothecary Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670), who discovered it in Austrian spring water i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hookworm
Hookworms are Gastrointestinal tract, intestinal, Hematophagy, blood-feeding, parasitic Nematode, roundworms that cause types of infection known as helminthiases. Hookworm infection is found in many parts of the world, and is common in areas with poor access to adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene. In humans, infections are caused by two main species of roundworm, belonging to the genera ''Ancylostoma'' and ''Necator (nematode), Necator''. In other animals the main parasites are species of ''Ancylostoma''. Hookworm is closely associated with poverty because it is most often found in impoverished areas, and its symptoms promote poverty through the educational and health effects it has on children. It is the leading cause of anemia and undernutrition in developing countries, while being one of the most commonly occurring diseases among poor people. Hookworm thrives in areas where rainfall is sufficient and keeps the soil from drying out, and where temperatures are higher, making r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucalyptus Oil
Eucalyptus oil is the generic name for distilled oil from the leaves of ''Eucalyptus'', a genus of the plant family Myrtaceae, mostly native to Australia but cultivated worldwide. Eucalyptus oil has a history of wide application, as a pharmaceutical, antiseptic, insect repellent, repellent, flavouring and fragrance, as well as having industrial uses. The leaves of selected ''Eucalyptus'' species are steam distillation, steam distilled to extract eucalyptus oil. Types and production In the trade, eucalyptus oils are categorized into three broad types according to their composition and main end-use: medicinal, perfumery and industrial. The most prevalent is the standard cineole-based "oil of eucalyptus", a colourless mobile liquid (which yellows with age), having a penetrating, camphoraceous, woody plant, woody-sweet scent. China produces about 75% of the world output, but most of that is derived from the cineole fractions of Cinnamomum camphora, camphor laurel rather than being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
