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Amphitherium
''Amphitherium'' is an extinct genus of stem cladotherian mammal that lived during the Middle Jurassic of England. It was one of the first Mesozoic mammals ever described. A recent phylogenetic study found it to be the sister taxon of '' Palaeoxonodon''. It is found in the Forest Marble Formation and the Taynton Limestone Formation. Etymology ''Amphitherium'' comes from the Greek ''amphi'' meaning 'on both sides', and ''therion'' meaning 'wild beast'. This was in reference to de Blainville's incorrect belief that the original fossil jaw of this animal was not a mammal, but something in between mammals and reptiles. History The first jaws of mammals from the Mesozoic - including ''Amphitherium'' - were found in the Stonesfield Slate, part of the Taynton Limestone Formation near Stonesfield in England.Rudwick, M.J.S. 2008Worlds Before Adam/ref> These were bought by a student of the British paleontologist William Buckland. Although he thought the jaws were mammalian, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeoxonodon
''Palaeoxonodon'' is an extinct genus of cladotherian mammal from the Middle Jurassic of England and Scotland. Discovery The first fossils of ''Palaeoxonodon ooliticus'' were found in the "Mammal Bed" in Kirtlington Quarry, Oxfordshire, England. This site was rich in Mesozoic mammal remains from the Bathonian Forest Marble Formation. Later, two more species of ''Palaeoxonodon'' were named from the same site, ''P. leesi'' and ''P. freemani''.Sigogneau-Russell D. 2003. Holotherian mammals from the Forest Marble(Middle Jurassic of England). ''Geodiversitas'', 25, 501–537. All of these fossils were individual teeth. However, a recent fossil recovered from the Kilmaluag Formation of Skye, Scotland comprised a lower jaw with five molar teeth, four premolars, a canine and one incisor present. This more complete fossil suggests that the separate species previously named from England were in fact all the same species, ''P. ooliticus'', and only appeared different due to their differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peramus
''Peramus'' is an extinct genus of cladotherian mammal. It lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe and North Africa. Species There are three known extinct species in the genus: * ''Peramus dubius'' Lulworth Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian * ''Peramus minor'' Lulworth Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian * ''Peramus tenuirostris'' Lulworth Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian Additionally, indeterminate remains are known from the Ksar Metlili Formation of Morocco, dating to the Tithonian-Berriasian, and the Angeac-Charente bonebed in France, dating to the Berriasian.Ronan Allain, Romain Vullo, Lee Rozada, Jérémy Anquetin, Renaud Bourgeais, et al.Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (southwestern France): implications for continental faunal turnover at the J/K boundary Geodiversitas, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, In press. ffhal-03264773f Phylogeny ''Peramus'' is generally c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphilestes
''Amphilestes'' is a genus of extinct eutriconodont mammal from the Middle Jurassic of the United Kingdom. It was one of the first Mesozoic mammals discovered and described. Discovery The first specimen of ''Amphilestes'' was discovered along with several other mammal jaws in the Stonesfield Slate Quarry, Oxfordshire before 1764.Kermack, KA. 1988 British Mesozoic mammal sites. ''Special Papers in Palaeontology'', 40:85-93. However, it was not until 1812 that William Broderip bought the jaws, and he and his mentor - the famous palaeontologist Revd William Buckland William Buckland Doctor of Divinity, DD, Royal Society, FRS (12 March 1784 – 14 August 1856) was an English theologian, geologist and paleontology, palaeontologist. His work in the early 1820s proved that Kirkdale Cave in North Yorkshire h ... - recognised that they were of mammal origin. ''Amphilestes broderipii'' was originally '' Amphitherium broderipii'', until it was recognised as a distinct and new spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phascolotherium
''Phascolotherium'' is a genus of extinct eutriconodont mammal from the Middle Jurassic of the United Kingdom. Found in the Stonesfield Slate, it was one of the first Mesozoic mammals ever found and described, although like the other mammal jaws found at the same time, it was mistakenly thought at first to be a marsupial.Broderip W.J. 1828. Observations on the jaw of a fossil mammiferous animal found in the Stonesfield Slate. Zoological Journal of London 3, 408–412 Discovery ''Phascolotherium'' was one of the first mammals described from Mesozoic-aged rocks. It is only known from single lower jaws and some isolated teeth. Buckland showed the fossil jaws of Stonesfield to the exceptional comparative anatomist, Georges Cuvier, who incorrectly identified them as marsupials, based on the similarity of the bones to modern marsupials. Blainville also attributed the fossil to his newly erected genus, Amphitherium. More than one specimen was given to Buckland, and one of these lower ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taynton Limestone Formation
The Taynton LimestoneWeishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 538–541. . is a geological Formation (geology), formation in Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom. It dates to the Middle Jurassic, mid-Bathonian stage.Benson, R.B.J. (2009). "An assessment of variability in theropod dinosaur remains from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of Stonesfield and New Park Quarry, UK and taxonomic implications for ''Megalosaurus bucklandii'' and ''Iliosuchus incognitus''." ''Palaeontology'', It predominantly consists of Oolite, ooidal grainstone. The term "Stonesfield Slate" refers to slaty limestone horizons within the formation that during the 18th and 19th centuries were extensively quarried for use in roof tiling within the vicinity of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire. Previously these were thought to belong to the Shar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammal
A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles, middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which their ancestors Genetic divergence, diverged in the Carboniferous Period over 300 million years ago. Around 6,640 Neontology#Extant taxon, extant species of mammals have been described and divided into 27 Order (biology), orders. The study of mammals is called mammalogy. The largest orders of mammals, by number of species, are the rodents, bats, and eulipotyphlans (including hedgehogs, Mole (animal), moles and shrews). The next three are the primates (including humans, monkeys and lemurs), the Artiodactyl, even-toed ungulates (including pigs, camels, and whales), and the Carnivora (including Felidae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphitheriidae
Amphitheriidae is a family of Mesozoic mammals restricted to the Middle Jurassic of Britain, with indeterminate members also possibly known from the equivalently aged Itat Formation in Siberia and the Anoual Formation of Morocco. They were members of Cladotheria, more derived than members of Dryolestida, and possibly forming a close relationship with Peramuridae The family Peramuridae is a family of mammals that lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier .... Amphitheriidae is the only family of the order Amphitheriida. Classification Cladogram after Panciroli et al. 2018:Cladogram after Magallanes et al, 2024: References Further reading *Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, Richard L. Cifelli, and Zhe-Xi Luo, ''Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, Evolution, and Structure'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), 14 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Marble Formation
The Forest Marble is a geological formation in England. Part of the Great Oolite Group, it dates to the late Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic.Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 538–541. . Lithology The primary lithology of the formation typically consists of greenish grey variably calcareous silicate mudstone, with lenticular cross bedded limestone units deposited in a marine setting. Paleobiota Despite the formation being nearly entirely marine, at several localities abundant remains of terrestrial microvertebrates are found, the primary locality being the Kirtlington Mammal Bed (designated 3p) in Kirtlington Quarry near Kirtlington, Oxfordshire. Another important locality is Watton Cliff near Eype in Dorset. Fish Dinosaurs Ornithischians Saurischians Amphi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladotheria
Cladotheria is a clade (sometimes ranked as a legion) of mammals. It contains modern therian mammals (marsupials and placentals) and several extinct groups, such as the "dryolestoids", amphitheriids and peramurids. The clade was named in 1975 by Malcolm McKenna. In 2002, it was defined as a node-based taxon containing "the common ancestor of dryolestids and living therians, plus all its descendants". A different, stem-based definition was given in 2013, in which Cladotheria contains all taxa that are closer to ''Mus musculus'' (the house mouse) than to the " symmetrodont" '' Spalacotherium tricuspidens''. Cladotheria incorporates a set of nested mammal clades culminating in Tribosphenida (also known as Boreosphenida), mammals with fully tribosphenic teeth such as therians and a few of their closest relatives. The clade Prototribosphenida includes "the common ancestor of '' Vincelestes'' and living therians, plus all of its descendants". Apart from tribosphenids, Prototrib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladotherian
Cladotheria is a clade (sometimes ranked as a legion) of mammals. It contains modern therian mammals (marsupials and placentals) and several extinct groups, such as the "dryolestoids", amphitheriids and peramurids. The clade was named in 1975 by Malcolm McKenna. In 2002, it was defined as a node-based taxon containing "the common ancestor of dryolestids and living therians, plus all its descendants". A different, stem-based definition was given in 2013, in which Cladotheria contains all taxa that are closer to ''Mus musculus'' (the house mouse) than to the "symmetrodont" '' Spalacotherium tricuspidens''. Cladotheria incorporates a set of nested mammal clades culminating in Tribosphenida (also known as Boreosphenida), mammals with fully tribosphenic teeth such as therians and a few of their closest relatives. The clade Prototribosphenida includes "the common ancestor of '' Vincelestes'' and living therians, plus all of its descendants". Apart from tribosphenids, Prototribosphe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryolestida
Dryolestida is an extinct order of mammals, known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. They are considered basal members of the clade Cladotheria, close to the ancestry of therian mammals. It is also believed that they developed a fully mammalian jaw and also had the three middle ear bones. Most members of the group, as with most Mesozoic mammals, are only known from fragmentary tooth and jaw remains. The group contains Dryolestidae and the possibly paraphyletic Paurodontidae, and some other unplaced genera, which were small insectivores, known from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Laurasia, primarily Europe and North America, with a single record from Asia. During the Late Jurassic in North America and from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in Europe, they were among the most diverse mammal groups. They have sometimes been placed as part of a broader group, the "Dryolestoidea", which typically includes Dryolestida and Meridiolestida, a diverse group of mammals in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
