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American Free Trade League
American Free Trade League was a free trade organization founded in Boston, Massachusetts, after the Civil War that advocated for the abolition of the tariff. History The American Free Trade League was founded in Boston shortly after the U.S. Civil War. Among its founders was the economist and free trade theorist David Ames Wells. Their views were summed up thusly in 1865: "The members of the American Free Trade League believe that by the adoption of Free Trade legislation the amount of revenue necessary to meet promptly all the engagements of the government, whether in specie or in currency, can be raised with less annoyance to the tax-payer than under any other system." From the 1890s until the First World War, however, the League's activities were largely dormant. In 1916, publisher George Haven Putnam was elected president of the League. Putnam was based in New York City and was president of G. P. Putnam's Sons, the publishing house founded by his father. He was a "staunch fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boston, Massachusetts
Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeastern United States. It has an area of and a population of 675,647 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the third-largest city in the Northeastern United States after New York City and Philadelphia. The larger Greater Boston metropolitan statistical area has a population of 4.9 million as of 2023, making it the largest metropolitan area in New England and the Metropolitan statistical area, eleventh-largest in the United States. Boston was founded on Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by English Puritans, Puritan settlers, who named the city after the market town of Boston, Lincolnshire in England. During the American Revolution and American Revolutionary War, Revolutionary War, Boston was home to several seminal events, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgism
Georgism, in modern times also called Geoism, and known historically as the single tax movement, is an economic ideology holding that people should own the value that they produce themselves, while the economic rent derived from land—including from all natural resources, the commons, and urban locations—should belong equally to all members of society. Developed from the writings of American economist and social reformer Henry George, the Georgist paradigm seeks solutions to social and ecological problems based on principles of land rights and public finance that attempt to integrate economic efficiency with social justice. Georgism is concerned with the distribution of economic rent caused by land ownership, natural monopolies, pollution rights, and control of the commons, including title of ownership for natural resources and other contrived Privilege (legal ethics), privileges (e.g., intellectual property). Any natural resource that is inherently limited in Supply (econ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York Public Library
The New York Public Library (NYPL) is a public library system in New York City. With nearly 53 million items and 92 locations, the New York Public Library is the second-largest public library in the United States behind the Library of Congress and the List of largest libraries, fifth-largest public library in the world. It is a private, non-governmental, independently managed, nonprofit corporation operating with both private and public financing. The library has branches in the boroughs of the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island and affiliations with academic and professional libraries in the New York metropolitan area. The city's other two boroughs, Brooklyn and Queens, are not served by the New York Public Library system, but rather by their respective borough library systems: the Brooklyn Public Library and the Queens Public Library. The branch libraries are open to the general public and consist of Lending library, circulating libraries. The New York Public Library also has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Wood (banker)
William Wood (October 21, 1808 – October 1, 1894) was a Scottish-American banker. Early life Wood was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on October 21, 1808. His father was a prominent Glasgow merchant and banker who could trace his lineage back to Admiral Sir Andrew Wood, a hero of the British Navy. At age 7, he went to William Angus' Grammar School in St. Mungo for two years, followed by the Glasgow Grammar School and Dr. Duncan's School at Ruthwell. In October 1821, he entered The Glasgow Academy until age sixteen, when he matriculated at the University of St Andrews, where he took the second and third mathematical prizes. After St Andrews, he attended the University of Glasgow where he took the highest prize in Natural Philosophy. Career Shortly after his graduation, he began working in the family mercantile business J. & R. Dennistoun & Company. On November 3, 1828, he came to the United States for the firm, remaining only a short time before he returned to Scotland. In 1830, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahlon Day Sands
Mahlon Day Sands (March 1, 1842 – May 7, 1888) was an American merchant. Early life Sands was born on March 1, 1842, in New York City. He was a son of merchant Abraham B. Sands (1815–1861) and Sarah A. ( Day) Sands (1816–1906). His brothers were Philip Justice Sands and Henry Mankin Sands. His sister, Katherine Sands, was the wife of Edwin Lawrence Godkin. His paternal grandfather was Nathaniel Sands, a cousin of Comfort Sands. His maternal grandfather, and namesake, was the children's book publisher, printer, and bookseller, Mahlon Day. Career Sands was secretary of the American Free Trade League, who in 1870 advocated for civil service reform and free trade. He was partner of his deceased father's pharmaceutical importing firm, A.B. Sands and Company. He was a member of the Union Club, the Knickerbocker Club, and the New York Yacht Club. In London, he was a member of the Marlborough Club and the Reform Club. Personal life In 1865, Sands married Edith Minturn (1841–18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Public Library
The New York Public Library (NYPL) is a public library system in New York City. With nearly 53 million items and 92 locations, the New York Public Library is the second-largest public library in the United States behind the Library of Congress and the fifth-largest public library in the world. It is a private, non-governmental, independently managed, nonprofit corporation operating with both private and public financing. The library has branches in the boroughs of the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island and affiliations with academic and professional libraries in the New York metropolitan area. The city's other two boroughs, Brooklyn and Queens, are not served by the New York Public Library system, but rather by their respective borough library systems: the Brooklyn Public Library and the Queens Public Library. The branch libraries are open to the general public and consist of circulating libraries. The New York Public Library also has four research libraries, which are also o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade, and widespread bank and business failures around the world. The economic contagion began in 1929 in the United States, the largest economy in the world, with the devastating Wall Street stock market crash of October 1929 often considered the beginning of the Depression. Among the countries with the most unemployed were the U.S., the United Kingdom, and Weimar Republic, Germany. The Depression was preceded by a period of industrial growth and social development known as the "Roaring Twenties". Much of the profit generated by the boom was invested in speculation, such as on the stock market, contributing to growing Wealth inequality in the United States, wealth inequality. Banks were subject to laissez-faire, minimal regulation, resulting in loose lending and wides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council For Tariff Reduction
American Free Trade League was a free trade organization founded in Boston, Massachusetts, after the Civil War that advocated for the abolition of the tariff. History The American Free Trade League was founded in Boston shortly after the U.S. Civil War. Among its founders was the economist and free trade theorist David Ames Wells. Their views were summed up thusly in 1865: "The members of the American Free Trade League believe that by the adoption of Free Trade legislation the amount of revenue necessary to meet promptly all the engagements of the government, whether in specie or in currency, can be raised with less annoyance to the tax-payer than under any other system." From the 1890s until the First World War, however, the League's activities were largely dormant. In 1916, publisher George Haven Putnam was elected president of the League. Putnam was based in New York City and was president of G. P. Putnam's Sons, the publishing house founded by his father. He was a "staunch free ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Rogers Bowker
Richard Rogers Bowker (September 4, 1848 – November 12, 1933) was an American journalist and businessman who was an editor of ''Publishers Weekly'' and ''Harper's Magazine,'' and a founder of the R. R. Bowker Company. Early life and education Richard Rogers Bowker was born in Salem, Massachusetts, on September 4, 1848, to a successful, educated family. His paternal grandfather, Joel Bowker (1775–1858) rose from a grocery clerk to a leading merchant and part owner of sailing vessels. Bowker Place in Salem is named after Joel Bowker. His mother, Theresa Maria Bowker ''(née'' Savory; 1825–1906), was the daughter of Richard Savory (1781–1841), who owned a large cooperage in Salem. His father, Daniel Rogers Bowker (1820–1895), was a partner in a prestigious business enterprise involving the sale of coal and salt in Salem until the financial panic in 1857, coupled with the death of the leading partner in the business, caused the business to fail. The family moved to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Free Trade League
American Free Trade League was a free trade organization founded in Boston, Massachusetts, after the Civil War that advocated for the abolition of the tariff. History The American Free Trade League was founded in Boston shortly after the U.S. Civil War. Among its founders was the economist and free trade theorist David Ames Wells. Their views were summed up thusly in 1865: "The members of the American Free Trade League believe that by the adoption of Free Trade legislation the amount of revenue necessary to meet promptly all the engagements of the government, whether in specie or in currency, can be raised with less annoyance to the tax-payer than under any other system." From the 1890s until the First World War, however, the League's activities were largely dormant. In 1916, publisher George Haven Putnam was elected president of the League. Putnam was based in New York City and was president of G. P. Putnam's Sons, the publishing house founded by his father. He was a "staunch free ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tariff
A tariff or import tax is a duty (tax), duty imposed by a national Government, government, customs territory, or supranational union on imports of goods and is paid by the importer. Exceptionally, an export tax may be levied on exports of goods or raw materials and is paid by the exporter. Besides being a source of revenue, import duties can also be a form of regulation of International trade, foreign trade and policy that burden foreign products to encourage or safeguard domestic industry. Protective tariffs are among the most widely used instruments of protectionism, along with import quotas and export quotas and other non-tariff barriers to trade. Tariffs can be fixed (a constant sum per unit of imported goods or a percentage of the price) or variable (the amount varies according to the price). Tariffs on imports are designed to raise the price of imported goods to discourage consumption. The intention is for citizens to buy local products instead, which, according to support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
