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Alphafusellovirus
''Alphafusellovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Fuselloviridae''. Species in the genus Sulfolobus ('' Sulfolobus shibatae'', ''Sulfolobus solfataricus ''Saccharolobus solfataricus'' is a species of thermophilic archaeon. It was transferred from the genus ''Sulfolobus'' to the new genus ''Saccharolobus'' with the description of ''Saccharolobus caldissimus'' in 2018. It was first discovered an ...'', and Sulfolobus islandicus) serve as natural hosts. There are seven species in this genus. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Alphafusellovirus arnavatnense'', Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 4 (SSV4) * ''Alphafusellovirus beppuense'', Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 1 (SSV1) * ''Alphafusellovirus hengillense'', Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 7 (SSV7) * ''Alphafusellovirus hveragerdiense'', Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 5 (SSV5) * ''Alphafusellovirus kamchatkaense'', S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuselloviridae
''Fuselloviridae'' is a family of viruses. Sulfolobus species, specifically shibatae, solfataricus, and islandicus, serve as natural hosts. There are two genera in the family. Viruses in ''Fuselloviridae'' are ubiquitous in high-temperature (≥70 °C), acidic (pH ≤4) hot springs around the world. Taxonomy The family contains the following genera: * '' Alphafusellovirus'' * ''Betafusellovirus ''Fuselloviridae'' is a family of viruses. Sulfolobus species, specifically shibatae, solfataricus, and islandicus, serve as natural hosts. There are two genera in the family. Viruses in ''Fuselloviridae'' are ubiquitous in high-temperature (≥ ...'' Structure Viruses in ''Fuselloviridae'' are enveloped, with lemon-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 60 nm, with a length of 100 nm. Genomes consist of double-stranded circular DNA, around 17.3 kb in length. Biochemical characterization of SSV1, a prototypical fusellovirus, showed that virions are composed of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 16,000 of the millions of virus species have been described in detail. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent viral particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long molecules of DNA or RNA that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfolobus
''Sulfolobus'' is a genus of microorganism in the family Sulfolobaceae. It belongs to the kingdom Thermoproteati of the Archaea domain. ''Sulfolobus'' species grow in volcanic springs with optimal growth occurring at pH 2–3 and temperatures of 75–80 °C, making them acidophiles and thermophiles respectively. ''Sulfolobus'' cells are irregularly shaped and flagellar. Species of ''Sulfolobus'' are generally named after the location from which they were first isolated, e.g. ''Sulfolobus solfataricus'' (now recombined as ''Saccharolobus solfataricus)'' was first isolated in the Solfatara volcano. Other species can be found throughout the world in areas of volcanic or geothermal activity, such as geological formations called mud pots, which are also known as ''solfatare'' (plural of solfatara). ''Sulfolobus'' as a model to study the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication When the first Archaeal genome, '' Methanococcus jannaschii'', had been sequenced completely i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfolobus Shibatae
''Saccharolobus shibatae'' is an archaeal species belongs to the phylum Thermoproteota. ''Saccharolobus shibatae'' was described for the first time as ''Sulfolobus shibatae'' in 1990, after being isolated from geothermal pools in Beppu, Ōita, Beppu, Japan. It was transferred from the genus ''Sulfolobus'' to the new genus ''Saccharolobus'' with the description of ''Saccharolobus caldissimus'' in 2018. Description With a diameter between 0.7-1.5 μm, this organism thrives at a pH and temperature optima of 3.0 and 80 °C, respectively. Given the extreme conditions required for the growth of this microbe it is considered a thermoacidophile, as all organisms in the family Sulfolobaceae. Metabolism This organism can grow in complex organic compounds and in sugars, and since it has not been yet determined if ''S. shibatae'' can grow autotrophically, this organism is either a heterotrophic or mixotrophic archaeon. References External linksType strain of ''Sulfolobus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfolobus Solfataricus
''Saccharolobus solfataricus'' is a species of thermophilic archaeon. It was transferred from the genus ''Sulfolobus'' to the new genus ''Saccharolobus'' with the description of ''Saccharolobus caldissimus'' in 2018. It was first discovered and isolated from the Solfatara volcano (Pisciarelli-Campania, Italy) in 1980 by two German microbiologists Karl Setter and Wolfram Zillig. However, these organisms are not isolated to volcanoes, but are found all over the world in places such as hot springs. The species grows best in temperatures around 80 °C, a pH level between 2 and 4, and with enough sulfur for ''S.'' ''solfataricus'' to metabolize in order to gain energy. These conditions qualify it as an extremophile, and it is specifically known as a thermoacidophile because of its preference for high temperatures and low pH levels. It is also aerobic and heterotropic due to its metabolic system. Being an autotroph, it receives energy by growing on sulfur or even a variety ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeal Viruses
An archaeal virus is a virus that infects and replicates in archaea, a domain of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms. Archaeal viruses, like their hosts, are found worldwide, including in extreme environments inhospitable to most life such as acidic hot springs, highly saline bodies of water, and at the bottom of the ocean. They have been also found in the human body. The first known archaeal virus was described in 1974 and since then, a large diversity of archaeal viruses have been discovered, many possessing unique characteristics not found in other viruses. Little is known about their biological processes, such as how they replicate, but they are believed to have many independent origins, some of which likely predate the last archaeal common ancestor (LACA). Much of the diversity observed in archaeal viruses is their morphology. Their complete bodies, called virions, come in many different forms, including being shaped like spindles or lemons, rods, bottles, droplets, and coil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
