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Alois Spaniol
Alois Spaniol (19 September 1904 – January 1959) was a leader of the Nazi Party in the Saar and ''Bürgermeister'' of Andernach in Nazi Germany. Early life Spaniol was born in Lisdorf (today, part of Saarlouis) the son of a schoolteacher. He attended ''Volksschule'' and the Saarlouis '' Gymnasium'' until 1921, earning his ''Abitur''. He then entered the teacher training college in Merzig, dropping out after three years. He worked in various unskilled jobs for the next seven years until becoming unemployed in 1931 during the Great Depression. By the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the Territory of the Saar Basin had been taken from Germany and administered by a joint French-British Governing Council under a League of Nations mandate. Spaniol's political career began in 1923 when he became active in nationalist '' Völkisch'' circles dedicated to restoring the Saar to Germany. Nazi Party career Spaniol joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) on 1 May 1931 (membership number 519,608 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Territory Of The Saar Basin
The Territory of the Saar Basin (, ; ) was a region occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France from 1920 to 1935 under a League of Nations mandate. It had its own flag (adopted on 28 July 1920): a blue, white, and black horizontal tricolour. The blue and white stood for Bavaria, and white and black for Prussia, out of whose lands the Saar Territory was formed. Initially, the occupation was under the auspices of the Treaty of Versailles. Its population in 1933 was 812,000, and its capital was Saarbrücken. The territory closely corresponds with the modern German state of Saarland, but was slightly smaller in area. After a plebiscite was held in 1935, it was returned to Germany. Governing Commission Under the Treaty of Versailles, the highly industrialized Saar Basin, including the Saar Coal District (), was to be occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France under a League of Nations mandate for a period of fifteen years. Its coalfields were also to be cede ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade, and widespread bank and business failures around the world. The economic contagion began in 1929 in the United States, the largest economy in the world, with the devastating Wall Street stock market crash of October 1929 often considered the beginning of the Depression. Among the countries with the most unemployed were the U.S., the United Kingdom, and Weimar Republic, Germany. The Depression was preceded by a period of industrial growth and social development known as the "Roaring Twenties". Much of the profit generated by the boom was invested in speculation, such as on the stock market, contributing to growing Wealth inequality in the United States, wealth inequality. Banks were subject to laissez-faire, minimal regulation, resulting in loose lending and wides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Brück
Karl Brück (12 May 1895 – 8 June 1964) was a German Nazi Party official who served as the Party ''Gauleiter'' of the Saar between 1931 and 1933 when it was being administered by France and the United Kingdom under a League of Nations mandate. Early life Brück, the son of a railway clerk, was born in Saarbrücken and attended ''Volksschule'' in Kleinblittersdorf until 1905. He completed a four-year apprenticeship in sand casting and was then employed for five years by various companies as a journeyman molder. From 1912 to 1914, he also was the leader of a 600 member pathfinders corps in Saarbrücken. Very shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, Brück entered military service with the Imperial German Army on 2 August 1914 as a one-year volunteer. From 25 September 1914 to 29 January 1915, he fought on the western front and, from 2 February 1915, on the eastern front with the rank of ''Gefreiter'' until he was seriously wounded in the autumn of 1915. He then sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate (; ; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Palz''), or the Rhenish Palatinate (''Rheinpfalz''), is a historical region of Germany. The Palatinate occupies most of the Southern Germany, southern quarter of the German States of Germany, federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate (''Rheinland-Pfalz''), covering an area of with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as Palatines (''Pfälzer''). Geography The Palatinate borders Saarland in the west, historically also comprising the state's Saarpfalz-Kreis, Saarpfalz District. In the northwest, the Hunsrück mountain range forms the border with the Rhineland region. The eastern border with Hesse and the Baden-Württemberg, Baden region runs along the Upper Rhine river, while the left bank, with Mainz and Worms, Germany, Worms as well as the Selz basin around Alzey, belong to the Rhenish Hesse region. In the south, the German-France, French border separates the Palatinate from Alsace. One-thir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Bürckel
Joseph Bürckel (30 March 1895 – 28 September 1944) was a German Nazi politician and a member of the German parliament (the ''Reichstag''). He was an early member of the Nazi Party and was influential in the rise of the National Socialist movement. He played a central role in the German acquisition of the Saarland and Austria. He held the posts of '' Gauleiter'' and ''Reichsstatthalter'' in both Gau Westmark and Reichsgau Vienna. He also held the rank of ''Obergruppenführer'' in both the SA and the SS. Life and career Joseph Bürckel was born in Lingenfeld, in the Bavarian Palatinate (German: ''Rheinpfalz'') as the son of a baker. From 1909 to 1914 he studied to become a teacher in Speyer. Bürckel volunteered for service with Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment 12 in the First World War. He served with several different field artillery regiments and was honorably discharged in May 1916. After the war, he continued his training as a teacher and graduated in 1920. He wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauleiter
A ''Gauleiter'' () was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a ''Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany, Gau'' or ''Reichsgau''. ''Gauleiter'' was the third-highest Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party, rank in the Nazi political leadership, subordinate only to ''Reichsleiter'' and to the ''Führer'' himself. The position was effectively abolished with the fall of the Nazi regime on 8 May 1945. History and development Origin and early years The first use of the term ''Gauleiter'' by the Nazi Party was in 1925 around the time Adolf Hitler re-founded the Party on 27 February, after the lifting of the ban that had been imposed on it in the aftermath of the Beer Hall Putsch of 9 November 1923. The word can be singular or plural in German usage, depending on its context, and derives from the German words ''Gau (territory), Gau'' and ''leiter'' (''leader''). The word ''Gau'' is an old term for a region of the German ''Reich'' (Empire). The Frankis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kreisleiter
(; "District A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ... Leader") was a Nazi Party political rank and title which existed as a political rank between 1930 and 1945 and as a Nazi Party title from as early as 1928. The position of was first formed to provide German election district coordination and, after the Nazi assumption of power, the position became one of county municipal government, effectively replacing the traditional German government establishment. The rank of was phased out of the Nazi Party in 1939, to be replaced by one of several paramilitary political ranks. After this time, the position of was denoted by a special armband. The rank of was originally the fourth tier in the Nazi Party hierarchy after the , , and . The fifth level beneath the were th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Truppführer
''Truppführer'' (, "troop leader") was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in 1930 as a rank of the '' Sturmabteilung'' (SA). Translated as "Troop Leader", the rank of ''Truppführer'' evolved from early '' Freikorps'' titles which traced their origins to World War I. As an SA rank, ''Truppführer'' was considered the equivalent of a senior sergeant, or sergeant first class. The rank of SA-''Truppführer'' was at first considered senior to that of SA-'' Scharführer'', but after 1932 was ranked above the new rank of SA-'' Oberscharführer''. The insignia for a basic ''Truppführer'' consisted of two button pips on a collar patch. A ''Truppführer'' normally served as the SA-non-commissioned officer A non-commissioned officer (NCO) is an enlisted rank, enlisted leader, petty officer, or in some cases warrant officer, who does not hold a Commission (document), commission. Non-commissioned officers usually earn their position of authority b ... of plato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scharführer
''Scharführer'' (, ) was a title or rank used in early 20th century German military terminology. In German, ''Schar'' was one term for the smallest sub-unit, equivalent to (for example) a "troop", "squad", or " section". The word ''führer'' simply meant "leader". The term ''Scharführer'' can be traced to World War I, when it was referred to a NCO in charge of several shock troopers, or other special forces soldiers. It was, however, used far more widely by Nazi Party paramilitary organizations, such as the Schutzstaffel, National Socialist Flyers' Corps, National Socialist Motor Corps, and the Sturmabteilung, between 1925 and 1945 and became strongly associated with them. Nazi usage ''Scharführer'' is most recognizable as a rank of the SS and title of the SA. ''Scharführer'' was first used as a title in the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) as early as 1921 and became an actual rank in 1928. ''Scharführer'' was the first non-commissioned officer rank of the SA, and was de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a military that is not a part of a country's official or legitimate armed forces. The Oxford English Dictionary traces the use of the term "paramilitary" as far back as 1934. Overview Though a paramilitary is, by definition, not a military, it is usually equivalent to a light infantry or special forces in terms of strength, firepower, and organizational structure. Paramilitaries use combat-capable kit/equipment (such as Internal security vehicle, internal security/SWAT vehicles), or even actual military equipment (such as Long gun, long guns and Armoured personnel carrier, armored personnel carriers; usually military surplus resources), skills (such as battlefield medicine and bomb disposal), and tactics (such as urban warfare and close-quarters combat) that are compatible with their purpose, often combining them with skills from other relevant fields such as law enforcement, coast guard, or search and rescue. A paramilitary may fall under the command of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sturmabteilung
The (; SA; or 'Storm Troopers') was the original paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party of Germany. It played a significant role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and early 1930s. Its primary purposes were providing protection for Nazi rallies and assemblies, disrupting the meetings of opposing parties, fighting against the paramilitary units of the opposing parties, especially the ''Roter Frontkämpferbund'' of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and the ''Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold'' of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and intimidating Romani people, Romani, trade unionists, and especially Jews. The SA were colloquially called Brownshirts () because of the colour of their Uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung, uniform's shirts, similar to Benito Mussolini's Blackshirts. The official uniform of the SA was a brown shirt with a brown tie. The color came about because a large shipment of Paul von ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ortsgruppenleiter
''Ortsgruppenleiter'' (Local Group Leader) was a Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party, Nazi Party political rank and title which existed between 1930 and 1945. The term first came into being during the German elections of 1930, and was held by the head Nazi of a town or city, or in larger cities, of a neighbourhood, for the purposes of election district organization. After 1933, through the process of ''Gleichschaltung'', the position of ''Ortsgruppenleiter'' evolved into the Nazi leader of a large town or city or of a city district. Role in Municipal Government After the founding of Nazi Germany, the political rank of ''Ortsgruppenleiter'' was held by the chief Nazi in a municipal area. In many situations, town and city administration overlapped with the Nazi political system, meaning that the traditional local government was overshadowed, if not entirely replaced, by Nazi leadership. Traditional government titles did continue to exist, such as ''Burgomaster, Bürgermeister'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
