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Alison Mary Smith
Alison Mary Smith (born 1954) is a British biologist. She is Strategic Programme Leader at the John Innes Centre in Norwich and an Honorary Professor at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in the UK. Education Smith was educated at the University of Cambridge where she was awarded a PhD in 1978 for research into the effect of anaerobiosis on plant metabolism. Research Smith studies the metabolism in plants of starch and sucrose – the carbohydrate products of photosynthesis that fuel plant growth. Her research has uncovered metabolic pathways responsible for the synthesis and degradation of starch granules in plants. She showed that these processes in leaves are subject to complex control by the circadian clock over the day-night cycle, ensuring the availability of carbohydrate to fuel metabolism during the night. Her focus is now on the mechanisms underlying this control, and the way in which carbohydrate availability is integrated with other sources of information to determ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Innes Centre
The John Innes Centre (JIC), located in Norwich, Norfolk, England, is an independent centre for research and training in plant and microbial science founded in 1910. It is a registered charity (No 223852) grant-aided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the European Research Council (ERC) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and is a member of the Norwich Research Park. In 2017, the John Innes Centre was awarded a gold Athena SWAN Charter award for equality in the workplace. History The John Innes Horticultural Institution was founded in 1910 at Merton Park, Surrey (now London Borough of Merton), with funds bequeathed by John Innes, a merchant and philanthropist. The Institution occupied Innes's former estate at Merton Park until 1945 when it moved to Bayfordbury, Hertfordshire. It moved to its present site in 1967. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diurnal Cycle
A diurnal cycle (or diel cycle) is any pattern that recurs every 24 hours as a result of one full rotation of the planet Earth around its axis. Earth's rotation causes surface temperature fluctuations throughout the day and night, as well as weather changes throughout the year. The diurnal cycle depends mainly on incoming solar radiation. Climate and atmosphere In climatology, the diurnal cycle is one of the most basic forms of climate patterns, including variations in diurnal temperature and rainfall. Diurnal cycles may be approximately sinusoidal or include components of a truncated sinusoid (due to the Sun's rising and setting) and thermal relaxation (Newton cooling) at night. The diurnal cycle also has a great impact on carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, due to processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Biological effects Diurnal cycles of light and temperature can result in similar cycles in biological processes, such as photosynthesis in p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2006 Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours 2006 for the Commonwealth realms were announced on 17 June 2006, to celebrate the Queen's Birthday of 2006.Antigua & Barbuda list: The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged firstly by the country whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, ''etc.'') and then divisions (Military, Civil, ''etc.'') as appropriate. United Kingdom Knight Bachelor *Michael John Aaronson, , lately Director-General, Save the Children. For services to Children. * Professor Roy Malcolm Anderson, Chief Scientific Adviser, Ministry of Defence. * Jonathan Elliott Asbridge, President, Nursing and Midwifery Council. For services to the NHS and Nursing. * Norman George Bettison, , Chief Executive, Centrex and lately Chief Constable, Merseyside Police. For services to the Police. * James Robert Crosby, Chief Executive, HBOS plc. For services to the Fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garland Science
Garland Science was a publishing group that specialized in developing textbooks in a wide range of life sciences subjects, including cell and molecular biology, immunology, protein chemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics. It was a subsidiary of the Taylor & Francis Group. History The firm was founded as "Garland Publishing" in 1969 by Gavin Borden (1939-1991). Initially it published "18th-century literary criticism".Michael F. Suarez, S.J."Garland Publishing" in: ''The Oxford Companion to the Book'', Oxford University Press, 2010 (online edition). Retrieved 8 July 2022. By the late 1970s it was mainly publishing academic reference books along with facsimile and reprint editions for niche markets. Notable book series published by Garland Publishing included the Garland Reference Library of the Humanities (1975- ), the Garland Reference Library of Social Science (1983- ), and Garland Medieval Bibliographies (1989- ). The ''Garland Encyclopedia of World Music'' (10 volumes), origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cathie Martin
Catherine Rosemary Martin (born April 1955) is a Professor of Botany, Plant Sciences at the University of East Anglia and project leader at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, co-ordinating research into the relationship between diet and health and how crops can be fortified to improve diets and address escalating chronic disease globally. Education Martin received a First Class Honours degree in Natural Sciences (Cambridge), Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge. She then went on to obtain her PhD in Biochemistry in 1981, also from Cambridge. Research and career Her research has included work on blood oranges, and Blue tomato, purple, high anthocyanin tomatoes. After a period as a postdoctoral researcher, postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Cambridge she moved to the John Innes Centre's Department of Genetics in 1983. She was the first to identify genes which regulated cell shape in plants. Since 2000, Cathie's research has focused on diet and health ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonathan D
Jonathan may refer to: * Jonathan (name), a masculine given name Media * ''Jonathan'' (1970 film), a German film directed by Hans W. Geißendörfer * ''Jonathan'' (2016 film), a German film directed by Piotr J. Lewandowski * ''Jonathan'' (2018 film), an American film directed by Bill Oliver * ''Jonathan'' (Buffy comic), a 2001 comic book based on the ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' television series * ''Jonathan'' (TV show), a Welsh-language television show hosted by ex-rugby player Jonathan Davies People and biblical figures Bible *Jonathan (1 Samuel), son of King Saul of Israel and friend of David, in the Books of Samuel * Jonathan (Judges), in the Book of Judges Judaism * Jonathan Apphus, fifth son of Mattathias and leader of the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea from 161 to 143 BCE *Rabbi Jonathan, 2nd century * Jonathan (High Priest), a High Priest of Israel in the 1st century Other * Jonathan (apple), a variety of apple * "Jonathan" (song), a 2015 song by French singer and song ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicholas Harberd
Nicholas Paul Harberd (born 15 July 1956) is Sibthorpian Professor of Plant Science and former head of the Department of Plant Sciences (since 2022 part of the Department of Biology) at the University of Oxford, and Fellow of St John's College, Oxford. Education Harberd earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, a Master of Arts, and PhD in 1981, from the University of Cambridge where he was a student of Christ's College, Cambridge. Career and research He was a scientist at the Plant Breeding Institute, Trumpington, Cambridge from 1982 to 1986, and the University of California, Berkeley, from 1986 to 1988. He is head of the Harberd group, which was located at John Innes Centre, and has been at the University of Oxford since his appointment as Sibthorpian Professor of Plant Sciences in 2007. With George Coupland, Liam Dolan, Alison Smith, Jonathan Jones, Cathie Martin, Robert Sablowski and Abigail Amey he is a co-author of the textbook ''Plant Biology''. Awards ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liam Dolan
Liam Dolan One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: is the Sherardian Professor of Botany in the Department of Biology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Education Dolan was educated at University College Dublin and the University of Pennsylvania where he was awarded a PhD in 1991 for genetic analysis of leaf development in the cotton plant ''Gossypium barbadense'' supervised by Scott Poethig. Career and research Following his PhD, Dolan spent three years doing postdoctoral research at the John Innes Centre in Norwich. After 13 years as an independent project leader in Norwich, Dolan moved to Oxford as the Sherardian Professor of Botany in 2009. Dolan's research aims to define genetic mechanisms that control the development of plants and determine how these mechanisms have changed since plants colonised the land 500 million years ago. Dolan's research has been funded by the Biotec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Coupland
George Michael Coupland FRS (born 20 December 1959, in Dumfries) is a Scottish plant scientist, and Research Scientist and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research. Education Coupland earned a First Class Honours from University of Glasgow in 1981, and PhD from University of Edinburgh in 1984. Career and research He was postdoctoral researcher at University of Cologne from 1985 to 1988. He was Research Group Leader at the Plant Breeding Institute, University of Cambridge, from 1989 to 1990. He was Research Group Leader at the John Innes Centre, from 1990 to 2001. With Liam Dolan, Nicholas Harberd, Alison Mary Smith, Cathie Martin, Jonathan D. G. Jones, Robert Sablowski and Abigail Amey he is a co-author of the undergraduate textbook ''Plant Biology''. Awards and honours Coupland was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 2007 and a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biomolecule
A biomolecule or biological molecule is a loosely used term for molecules present in organisms that are essential to one or more typically biological processes, such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development. Biomolecules include large macromolecules (or polyelectrolytes) such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites and natural products. A more general name for this class of material is biological materials. Biomolecules are an important element of living organisms, those biomolecules are often endogenous, produced within the organism but organisms usually need exogenous biomolecules, for example certain nutrients, to survive. Biology and its subfields of biochemistry and molecular biology study biomolecules and their reactions. Most biomolecules are organic compounds, and just four elements—oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen—make up 96% of the human body's mass. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Hartl D, Jones E (2005) It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crop Yield
In agriculture, the yield is a measurement of the amount of a crop grown, or product such as wool, meat or milk produced, per unit area of land. The seed ratio is another way of calculating yields. Innovations, such as the use of fertilizer, the creation of better farming tools, new methods of farming and improved crop varieties, have improved yields. The higher the yield and more intensive use of the farmland, the higher the productivity and profitability of a farm; this increases the well-being of farming families. Surplus crops beyond the needs of subsistence agriculture can be sold or bartered. The more grain or fodder a farmer can produce, the more draft animals such as horses and oxen could be supported and harnessed for labour and production of manure. Increased crop yields also means fewer hands are needed on farm, freeing them for industry and commerce. This, in turn, led to the formation and growth of cities, which then translated into an increased demand for foodstuf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
