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Alice Lee Jemison
Alice Mae Lee Jemison (1901–1964) was a Seneca political activist and journalist. She was a major critic of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and the New Deal policies of its commissioner John Collier. She lobbied in support of California, Cherokee, and Sioux Indians during her career, supported by the Seneca Tribal Council. Her work was condemned by the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration and she was described harshly in press conferences and before Congressional committees, and for a time she was put under FBI surveillance. Personal life Jemison was born on October 9, 1901, in Silver Creek, New York, near the Cattaraugus Reservation. Her mother, Elnora E. Seneca, was from a prominent Seneca family, and her father, Daniel A. Lee, was "a cabinetmaker of Cherokee descent." Her goal was to become an attorney and she worked in the office of Robert Codd Jr., but could not afford law school. In 1919, she graduated from Silver Lake High School and was married to Le Verne Leona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Creek, New York
Silver Creek is a village in the town of Hanover in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 2,637. Silver Creek is named after a small creek which runs through the village. It is on the shore of Lake Erie. History The community was first settled ''circa'' 1803, and the first school house was erected in approximately 1823. In 1822 a well-known black walnut tree, measuring about in diameter, was blown over in a storm. The village of Silver Creek was incorporated in 1848, and was an important port on Lake Erie until railroads reduced shipping. The village is home to a skew arch railroad bridge, one of the few bridges in the country built on an angle. In September of 1886, two trains collided near this location, killing approximately 15 and injuring roughly the same number. Geography Silver Creek is located at 42°32'39" North, 79°10'2" West (42.544083, -79.167088). According to the United States Census Bureau, the villa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribal Sovereignty In The United States
Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the concept of the inherent authority of tribe (Native American), indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States. Originally, the Federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government recognized American Indian tribes as independent nations, and came to policy agreements with them via Treaty, treaties. As the U.S. accelerated its Westward Expansion, westward expansion, internal political pressure grew for "Indian removal", but the pace of treaty-making grew nevertheless. The American Civil War, Civil War forged the U.S. into a more centralized and nationalistic country, fueling a "full bore assault on tribal culture and institutions", and pressure for Native Americans to assimilate. In the Indian Appropriations Act#1871 Act, Indian Appropriations Act of 1871, Congress prohibited any future treaties. This move was steadfastly opposed by Native Americans. Currently, the U.S. recognizes tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James True
James B. True Jr. (July 1, 1880 – September 24, 1946) was a critic of the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR). His opposition focused on New Deal programs and used anti-Semitic and isolationist themes. He published a newsletter and headed James True Associates, a personally-financed one-man enterprise. Early years James Benjamin True Jr. was born on July 1, 1880, to James Benjamin Sr. and Sarah Crump True. James True Jr. married Florence (Florestine) Bernos in New Orleans in 1905. He worked for the ''New Orleans Item'' as a writer and reporter until, exhausted from overwork, he moved with his wife and three children to Long Beach, Mississippi, in 1911. There he supported his family by writing short stories. He deserted his wife and five children at the end of 1918. He worked for the ''Chicago Tribune'' from 1917 to 1919. Activist In the early 1930s, following the trials of the Scottsboro case, James True Associates, founded in July 1933, was one of a number of voic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Education Association
The Progressive Education Association was a group dedicated to the spread of progressive education in American public schools from 1919 to 1955. The group focused on pedagogy in elementary schools through the twenties. The group turned towards public schools and sociopolitical issues in the early 1930s, and launched three commissions into progressive school topics. The Eight-Year Study tested how American progressive secondary schools would prepare their students for college when released from the curricular restrictions of college admissions requirements. The other two commissions addressed curriculum towards the needs of democracy and students, and teaching materials to serve children's psychological needs. After a peak of activity in the late 1930s, the group struggled to regain its position of thought leadership and reconcile the competing interests within the group. It collapsed in the mid-1950s amidst rising anti-progressive education sentiment in cultural trends including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red-baiting
Red-baiting, also known as ''reductio ad Stalinum'' () and red-tagging (in the Philippines), is an intention to discredit the validity of a political opponent and the opponent's logical argument by accusing, denouncing, attacking, or persecuting the target individual or group as ''anarchist'', ''communist'', '' Marxist'', ''socialist'', ''Stalinist'', or ''fellow travelers'' towards these ideologies. In the phrase, '' red'' refers to the color that traditionally symbolized left-wing politics worldwide since the 19th century, while ''baiting'' refers to persecution, torment, or harassment, as in baiting. ''Communist'' and associates, or more broadly ''socialist'', have been used as a pejorative epithet against a wide range of individuals, political movements, governments, public, and private institutions since the emergence of the communist movement and the wider socialist movement. In the 19th century, the ruling classes were afraid of socialism because it challenged their rule. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James True Associates
James B. True Jr. (July 1, 1880 – September 24, 1946) was a critic of the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR). His opposition focused on New Deal programs and used anti-Semitic and isolationist themes. He published a newsletter and headed James True Associates, a personally-financed one-man enterprise. Early years James Benjamin True Jr. was born on July 1, 1880, to James Benjamin Sr. and Sarah Crump True. James True Jr. married Florence (Florestine) Bernos in New Orleans in 1905. He worked for the ''New Orleans Item'' as a writer and reporter until, exhausted from overwork, he moved with his wife and three children to Long Beach, Mississippi, in 1911. There he supported his family by writing short stories. He deserted his wife and five children at the end of 1918. He worked for the ''Chicago Tribune'' from 1917 to 1919. Activist In the early 1930s, following the trials of the Scottsboro case, James True Associates, founded in July 1933, was one of a number of voic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Civil Liberties Union
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1920 "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States". The ACLU works through litigation and lobbying, and has over 1,800,000 members as of July 2018, with an annual budget of over $300 million. Affiliates of the ACLU are active in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The ACLU provides legal assistance in cases where it considers civil liberties to be at risk. Legal support from the ACLU can take the form of direct legal representation or preparation of '' amicus curiae'' briefs expressing legal arguments when another law firm is already providing representation. In addition to representing persons and organizations in lawsuits, the ACLU lobbies for policy positions that have been established by its board of directors. Current positions of the ACLU include opposing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harold M
Harold may refer to: People * Harold (given name), including a list of persons and fictional characters with the name * Harold (surname), surname in the English language * András Arató, known in meme culture as "Hide the Pain Harold" Arts and entertainment * ''Harold'' (film), a 2008 comedy film * ''Harold'', an 1876 poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson * ''Harold, the Last of the Saxons'', an 1848 book by Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton * '' Harold or the Norman Conquest'', an opera by Frederic Cowen * ''Harold'', an 1885 opera by Eduard Nápravník * Harold, a character from the cartoon ''The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy'' * Harold & Kumar, a US movie; Harold/Harry is the main actor in the show. Places ;In the United States * Alpine, Los Angeles County, California, an erstwhile settlement that was also known as Harold * Harold, Florida, an unincorporated community * Harold, Kentucky, an unincorporated community * Harold, Missouri, an unincorporated commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of The Interior
The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government headquartered at the Main Interior Building, located at 1849 C Street NW in Washington, D.C. It is responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States, as well as programs related to historic preservation. About 75% of federal public land is managed by the department, with most of the remainder managed by the Department of Agriculture's Forest Service. The department was created on March 3, 1849. The department is headed by the secretary of the interior, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet. The current secretary is Deb Haaland. Despite its name, the Department of the Interior has a differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Indian Federation
The American Indian Federation (AIF) was a political organization that served as "the major voice of Native American criticism of federal Indian policies during the New Deal", specifically from 1934 through the mid-1940s. The AIF was an early Native American effort to influence national policies, and attracted harsh criticism for its affiliation with several extremist groups. Historian Laurence Hauptman described the AIF as a complex group with three shared principles: "that Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier be removed from office; that the Indian Reorganization Act be overturned, and most importantly, that the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) be abolished". On other questions, AIF members had diverse opinions, most notably on the issue of assimilation. AIF President Joseph Bruner, for example, argued for the complete integration of Indians into white society, while one of its strongest writers believed in Indian cultural separation and sovereignty. Founding The group wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA), popularly dubbed the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives, created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having either fascist or communist ties. It became a standing (permanent) committee in 1945, and from 1969 onwards it was known as the House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee. The committee's anti-communist investigations are often associated with McCarthyism, although Joseph McCarthy himself (as a U.S. Senator) had no direct involvement with the House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate, not the House. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Canandaigua
The Treaty of Canandaigua (or Konondaigua, as spelled in the treaty itself) also known as the Pickering Treaty and the Calico Treaty, is a treaty signed after the American Revolutionary War between the Grand Council of the Six Nations and President George Washington representing the United States of America. It was signed at Canandaigua, New York on November 11, 1794, by fifty sachems () and war chiefs representing the Grand Council of the Six Nations of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Confederacy (including the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca and Tuscarora tribes), and by Timothy Pickering, official agent of President George Washington. Background of the treaty The Treaty of Canandaigua arose out of a combination of geo-political tensions. In the aftermath of its defeat in the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain was forced to relinquish its land east of the Mississippi River to the United States. However, Great Britain’s original rights to this territor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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