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Ali II Zainami
Ali II (ʿAlī bin Idrīs), called Ali Zainami, was the ''mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1544–1546. Life Ali was the son of Idris II Katagarmabe and Zainab. He succceeded his brother Muhammad VI Aminami as ''mai'' in 1544. Ali was remembered as a just ruler, who kept the Bilala people in Kanem in check. According to the German explorer Heinrich Barth, who visited Bornu in the mid-19th century, Ali's reign was "too short to be of any real importance". Ali was succeeded as ''mai'' by his nephew Dunama VI Muhammad in 1546. Ali had at least one consort, Amsa Aliram, and his children Aissa Koli Aissa Koli (Āʾisha Kili), also called Aisa Kili Ngirmaramma, was a queen regnant of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1570–1580. Aissa was styled as ''magira'' ("queen mother") and ruled in her own right. Life There are some discrepancies about t ... and Idris III Alooma would eventually become ''mai''. References Rulers of the Bornu Empire 16th-century monarchs in Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mais Of Kanem–Bornu
The ''mai'' (sometimes translated as king or emperor) was the monarch of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from its foundation 700 until the ''mai''s were replaced as rulers by the List of shehus of Bornu, ''shehu''s in the mid-19th century. The line of ''mai''s is largely reconstructed through the ''girgam'', the empire's royal chronicle. The ''girgam'' was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions by European scholars in the mid-19th century. The ''girgam'' is not entirely reliable since it was preserved orally and contains some contradictions between different versions. There is however a large degree of agreement across different versions of the ''girgam'' as to the names of rulers and the lengths of their reigns. Because the slightly different versions of the ''girgam'' and a lack of precise dates, names and lengths of reign assigned to the ''mai''s may differ in different sources. For the sake of comparison, this list includes dates from different authors for each ruler. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the oldest and longest-lived List of kingdoms and empires in African history, empires in African history. The foundation and early history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire is poorly known. The state is typically dated to have been founded around the year 700, though it may have been established centuries earlier or later. The ruling Duguwa dynasty ruled from their capital Njimi in the Kanem (region), Kanem region and used the ruling title ''List of mais of Kanem–Bornu, mai''. By the 11th century, the Duguwa had been replaced by the Sayfawa dynasty and the empire had converted to Islam. Economic factors and conflict with the Bilala people caused the empire to lose Kanem in the 14th century. ''Mai'' Omar I of Kanem, Omar I re-centered the empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad VI Aminami
Muhammad VI (Muḥammad bin Idrīs), called Muhammad Aminami, was the ''mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1525–1544. Life Muhammad was the son of Idris II Katagarmabe and Zainab and succeeded his father as ''mai'' in 1525. Muhammad was an accomplished warrior-king, who led successful military campaigns in all directions, though detailed historical accounts of most of these campaigns have not survived. Only forty days after his accession, he was forced to face the uprising of Kade, a Bilala leader, who tried to restore the independence of the Bilala of Kanem (subjugated by Muhammad's father). Muhammad defeated Kade, and thus kept Kanem under imperial control. In one of his campaigns, Muhammad is said to have reached as far as Karbara in the west. In 1534, Muhammad sent an embassy to Tripoli. Muhammad was succeeded by his brother Ali II Zainami as ''mai'' in 1544. With his consort Fanna, Muhammad had at least one son, Dunama VI Muhammad Dunama VI Muhammad (Dunama Muḥamm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunama VI Muhammad
Dunama VI Muhammad (Dunama Muḥammad bin Muḥammad), also called Dunama Ghamarami, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1546–1563. Life Dunama Muhammad was the son of Muhammad VI Aminami and Fanna. He succeeded his uncle Ali II Zainami as ''mai'' in 1546. Dunama is said to have fortified the Kanem–Bornu capital of Ngazargamu, and there was apparently a famine in his reign. Dunama's reign saw renewed conflict with the Bilala people The Bulala are a Muslim people that live around Lake Fitri who are of Maguemi (also known as Maguia) origin and the Bulala of Nguedjem fraction shares the same ancestor with the Toubou (Goran) of Kara (also known by the Arabic pronunciation, Kre ..., who occupied the empire's former heartland in Kanem but had been subjugated by his predecessors. Dunama defeated the leader of the Bilala in a battle, and then killed the Bilala heir apparent in another battle, once more reducing them to vassals. Dunama was succeeded as ''mai'' by his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aissa Koli
Aissa Koli (Āʾisha Kili), also called Aisa Kili Ngirmaramma, was a queen regnant of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1570–1580. Aissa was styled as ''magira'' ("queen mother") and ruled in her own right. Life There are some discrepancies about the parentage and dates of her rule. The Arabic historians did not record her rule, but they are noted to have ignored female rulers; it is also noted that her successor Idris Aloma imposed a Muslim bureaucracy on the pagan population and that this Islamic records ignored her because of her sex. She is however preserved in local African tradition as her male counterparts. Aissa Koli was reportedly the daughter of Ali II Zainami. Her father ruled for one year and was succeeded by a relative, Dunama VI Muhammad. During Dunama's reign, he had declared that all the sons of his predecessor should be killed, and Aissa's five-year-old half-brother Idris was therefore sent away to Bulala The Bulala are a Muslim people that live around Lake Fitri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idris III Alooma
al-Haj Idris Alooma (born Idris ibn Ali) was ''mai'' (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire (r. 1570/1580–1603), covering parts of Chad, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria. His achievements are primarily chronicled by Ahmad bin Fartuwa, his chief Imam. His reign marked the end of the Kanem civil wars within the state, reuniting N'jimi, the former capital, under Sayfawa control. Furthermore, he introduced significant legal reforms based on Islamic law, establishing ''qadi'' courts that operated independently from the executive branch. He was credited with leading the empire to what is often regarded as its zenith during the late 16th-century and early 17th-century. Bornu faced instability before his reign, including famines, raids from neighbours, and internal conflicts. By the conclusion of his rule, he had successfully expanded Bornu's influence over vast territories, including the majority of Hausaland, the Tuareg of Aïr, the Tebu of Bilma, Tibesti, and even the Bulala of Kanem. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idris II Katagarmabe
Idris II Katagarmabe or Katakarmabe (Idrīs Katagarmabe bin ʿAlī) was the ''mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1503–1525. Idris is most known for two military campaigns against the Bilala people, during which he reconquered Kanem, the ancient homeland of the empire, lost to the Bilala over a century prior. Life Idris was the son of Ali I Gaji and Aisa and succeeded his father as ''mai'' in 1503. A "worthy son and successor of Ali", Idris began his reign with a military campaign against the Bilala people, who had occupied Kanem, the ancient homeland of the empire (east of Lake Chad), nearly a century prior. During this campaign, Idris defeated the Bilala leader Dunama at Gharni Kiyala, and then triumphantly entered the original Kanem–Bornu capital of Njimi. On his return to Bornu, Idris learnt that Dunama's brother A'dim had usurped power over the Bilala. He returned to Kanem again, defeating A'dim and occupying Njimi for a second time. Idris chose to not return the capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilala People
The Bulala are a Muslim people that live around Lake Fitri who are of Maguemi (also known as Maguia) origin and the Bulala of Nguedjem fraction shares the same ancestor with the Toubou (Goran) of Kara (also known by the Arabic pronunciation, Kreda) Kodera fraction Bahr El Gazel,The Kara took their name from the Kri (or Kiri) area, located south of the Borkou region, in the depression of the Djourab and Kiri. The Djourab is a pastureland—an arid or desert area—traditionally used by the Toubou (Goran) for grazing animals. In the Batha Prefecture, in central Chad. The last Chadian census in 1993 stated that they numbered 136,629 people. Their language, Naba, is divided in four dialects and is a part of the Central Sudanic language family; it is shared by two of their neighbours, the Kuka and the Medogo. These three peoples are collectively known as Lisi and are believed to be descendants of main ethnic groups of the Sultanate of Yao. History They first appeared in the 14 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Barth
Johann Heinrich Barth (; ; 16 February 1821 – 25 November 1865) was a German explorer of Africa and scholar. Barth is thought to be one of the greatest of the European explorers of Africa, as his scholarly preparation, ability to speak and write Arabic, learning African languages, and character meant that he carefully documented the details of the cultures he visited. He was among the first to comprehend the uses of oral history of peoples, and collected many. He established friendships with African rulers and scholars during his five years of travel (1850–1855). After the deaths of two European companions, he completed his travels with the aid of Africans. Afterwards, he wrote and published a five-volume account of his travels in both English and German. It has been invaluable for scholars of his time and since. Early life and education. Heinrich Barth was born in Hamburg on 16 February 1821. He was the third child of Johann Christoph Heinrich Barth and his wife Charlotte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rulers Of The Bornu Empire
A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC. Variants Rulers have long been made from different materials and in multiple sizes. Historically, they were mainly wood but plastics have also been used. They can be created with length markings instead of being scribed. Metal is also used for more durable rulers for use in the workshop; sometimes a metal edge is embedded into a wooden desk ruler to preserve the edge when used for straight-line cutting. Typically in length, though some can go up to 100 cm, it is useful for a ruler to be on a des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
