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Alexandre Berthier
Alexandre Berthier (; 1638–1708) was a captain in the Allier Regiment of the French Royal Army and later a seigneur in New France. Born into a Huguenot family, he was named Issac at birth but adopted the name Alexandre after converting to Roman Catholicism in 1665. He served under Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy during the capture of Cayenne (a former French colony in Guiana) in May 1664, deployed with Tracy to New France in 1665, and was part of a major expedition against the Mohawk in the fall of 1666. Military career Berthier, the son of Pierre Berthier and Marguerite Bariac, was born in Bergerac, France in 1638. He was commissioned as an officer in the Allier Regiment and rose to the rank of captain. In a letter to his father dated November 13, 1657, he describes being seriously wounded at Alessandria during the Franco-Spanish War. In 1663, his company was selected as one of four companies from different regiments that would accompany the recently appointed Lieutenant Gén ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Royal Army
The French Royal Army () was the principal land force of the Kingdom of France. It served the Bourbon dynasty from the reign of Louis XIV in the mid-17th century to that of Charles X in the 19th, with an interlude from 1792 to 1814 and another during the Hundred Days in 1815. It was permanently dissolved following the July Revolution in 1830. The French Royal Army became a model for the new regimental system that was to be imitated throughout Europe from the mid-17th century onward. It was regarded as Europe's greatest military force for much of its existence. Early history The first permanent army of France, which was paid with regular wages instead of being supplied by feudal levies, was established in the early 15th century under Charles VII. It was formed due to the need for reliable troops during the Hundred Years' War, though the Army was not disbanded because it saw continued use by the Kings of France following the conflict. Upon the outbreak of a conflict, an ordonn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quebec City
Quebec City is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a population of 839,311. It is the twelfthList of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, -largest city and the seventh-List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada, largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is also the List of towns in Quebec, second-largest city in the province, after Montreal. It has a humid continental climate with warm summers coupled with cold and snowy winters. Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608, and adopted the Algonquin name. Quebec City is one of the List of North American cities by year of foundation, oldest European settlements in North America. The Ramparts of Quebec City, ramparts surrounding Old Quebec () are the only fortified city walls remaining in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugues Randin
Hugues Randin (c. 1628 – c. 1680) was a French engineer in the employ of Governor Louis de Buade de Frontenac. He was also a cartographer and, in the practice of the day, an architect on at least one project. The first we know of Hugues Randin is his arrival in New France in 1665 as part of the Carignan-Salières Regiment. The regiment was repatriated in 1668 and he stayed in New France. By 1671, he was working for Frontenac and made a trip to Fort Pentagouet to determine its condition. The next year he was granted a seigneury on the St. Lawrence. In 1673, Randin designed and supervised construction of Fort Frontenac, a trading post and military fort built in what is now Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He remained in Frontenac's service and received another seigneury, this time in Acadia. After his death, this property was given to Hôtel-Dieu de Québec The Hotel-Dieu de Québec () is a teaching hospital located in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, and affiliated with Université La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berthier-sur-Mer
Berthier-sur-Mer (, ) is a town in the Montmagny Regional County Municipality within the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. It is located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, east of Quebec City on Route 132. History Berthier-sur-Mer was named after Alexandre Berthier, a captain in the Carignan-Salières Regiment, who was given title to this area in 1672. A year later, Berthier acquired another concession in the Lanaudière region, and his seignories became known as Berthier-en-bas (Lower Berthier) and Berthier-en-Haut (Upper Berthier, now Berthierville). In 1722, the Parish of Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption-de-Bellechasse was created, but the place was called Berthier-en-bas in common use. In 1845, the Parish Municipality of Berthier en bas was formed, dissolved in 1847, and reestablished in 1855. On August 29, 1971, the parish municipality was renamed to Berthier-sur-Mer, following the local practice of referring to the St. Lawrence River as a sea at this p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seigneurial System Of New France
The manorial system of New France, known as the seigneurial system (, ), was the semi-feudal system of land tenure used in the North American French colonial empire. Economic historians have attributed the wealth gap between Quebec and other parts of Canada in the 19th and early 20th century to the persistent adverse impact of the seigneurial system. Both in nominal and legal terms, all French territorial claims in North America belonged to the French king. French monarchs did not impose feudal land tenure on New France, and the king's actual attachment to these lands was virtually non-existent. Instead, landlords were allotted land holdings known as manors and presided over the French colonial agricultural system in North America. The first grant of manorial land tenure in New France was awarded to Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt et de Saint-Just in 1604, with the Seigneury of Port Royal in Acadia. This grant was reaffirmed by King Henry IV of France on February 25, 160 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Talon
Jean Talon, Count d'Orsainville (; January 8, 1626 – November 23, 1694) was a French colonial administrator who served as the first Intendant of New France. Talon was appointed by King Louis XIV and his minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to serve as the Intendant of Justice, Public Order and Finances in Canada, Acadia and Newfoundland for two terms: 1665 to 1668 and 1670 to 1672. Talon attempted to change the economic base of the colony from fur trading to agriculture, but found this could not be accomplished without a larger population. Talon arranged for settlers to come to New France, including over 800 women known as the King's Daughters. These were young orphans that came to New France to marry men present there. He encouraged population growth through marriage grants and baby bonuses, which were financial compensation given to a couple when they married, and again when they had children. Talon tried to diversify the economy of New France by introducing new crops such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Legardeur De Tilly
Charles Legardeur de Tilly (1616 – November 10, 1695) was a merchant, fur trader, seigneur and official in New France. He served as governor of Trois-Rivières from 1648 to 1650 and as a member of the Sovereign Council of New France from 1663 to 1688. The son of René Legardeur de Tilly and Catherine de Cordé, he was born at Thury-Harcourt and came to New France in 1636 with his brother Pierre. He married Geneviève, the daughter of Jean Juchereau de Maur, in 1648. In partnership with François Byssot de la Rivière and Jean-Paul Godefroy, Tilly hunted seals at Tadoussac and traded in beaver pelts. In the fall of 1650, he returned to France to acquire the fishing monopoly at Tadoussac from the Company of One Hundred Associates. In 1652, he acquired the seigneury of Cap-des-Rosiers. He was one of the first members of the Sovereign Council of New France and was named a life member of the Council in 1675. In 1679, following a dispute between the council and Governor Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Marc-sur-Richelieu
Saint-Marc-sur-Richelieu (, ) is a municipality in southwestern Quebec, Canada, on the Richelieu River in the Regional County Municipality of La Vallée-du-Richelieu. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 2,245. History In its origin, the municipality was simply named: Saint-Marc. In 1921, the municipality lost an important part of its territory for the creation of the new municipality of Saint-Amable. In 1980, the municipality of Saint-Marc changed its name to the current name of Saint-Marc-sur-Richelieu. On October 10, 2012, the municipality was reportedly the epicenter of an earthquake measuring 4.5 on the Richter scale. Demographics Population Population trend:Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census Language Mother tongue language (2021) Gallery File:Richelieu River in Saint-Marc-sur-Richelieu.jpg, Richelieu River File:Church Sign, Saint-Marc-Sur-Richlieu, Canada 10 3 2015.jpg, Parish Church Sign File:Parish Priests Plaque, Saint-Marc-sur-Rich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richelieu River
The Richelieu River () is a river of Quebec, Canada, and a major right-bank tributary of the St. Lawrence River. It rises at Lake Champlain, from which it flows northward through Quebec and empties into the St. Lawrence. It was formerly known by the French as the Iroquois River and the Chambly River, and was named for Cardinal Richelieu, the powerful minister under Louis XIII. This river was a long a key route of water transport for trading, first by indigenous peoples, and then for cross-border trade between Canada and the United States. With 19th-century construction of the Champlain Canal (1823) south of Lake Champlain and the Chambly Canal (1843) to the north, the Richelieu provided a direct route from the Saint Lawrence River to New York via Lake Champlain, the canals, and the Hudson River. The construction of rail transport in the mid-19th century competed with such river/canal routes and ultimately succeeded them, because of faster service with greater freight capac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abjuration
Abjuration is the solemn repudiation, abandonment, or renunciation by or upon oath, often the renunciation of citizenship or some other right or privilege. The term comes from the Latin ''abjurare'', "to forswear". Abjuration of the realm Abjuration of the realm was a type of abjuration in ancient English law. The person taking the oath swore to leave the country directly and promptly, never to return to the kingdom unless by permission of the sovereign. This was often taken by fugitives who had taken sanctuary: English Commonwealth Near the start of the English Civil War, on 18 August 1643 Parliament passed "An Ordinance for Explanation of a former Ordinance for Sequestration of Delinquents Estates with some Enlargements." The enlargements included an oath which became known as the "Oath of Abjuration": In 1656–7, it was reissued in what was for Catholics an even more objectionable form. Everyone was to be "adjudged a Papist" who refused this oath, and the consequent pen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François De Laval
Francis-Xavier de Montmorency-Laval, commonly referred to as François de Laval (; 30 April 1623 – 6 May 1708), was a French Catholic prelate who served as Apostolic Vicar of New France from 1658 to 1674 and as Bishop of Quebec from its creation in 1674 until he retired due to poor health in 1688. He continued to work in New France until his death in 1708. Among his accomplishments was the founding of the Séminaire de Québec in 1663. Laval was a member of the Montmorency family, but renounced his rights as heir so he could pursue his ecclesiastical career. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II on 22 June 1980 and Pope Francis declared him a saint on 3 April 2014. Early life Laval was born on 30 April 1623 in Montigny-Sur-Avre in the ancient Province of Perche, now the Department of Eure-et-Loir. His father Hugues de Laval, a member of the House of Laval, was the Seigneur of Montigny, Montbaudry, Alaincourt and Revercourt. His mother Michelle de Péricard was from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
