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Alessandro Alibrandi
Alessandro Alibrandi (12 June 1960 – 5 December 1981) was an Italian neofascist terrorist who was active in the organization ''Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari'' (Armed Revolutionary Nuclei). He was killed during a firefight with the police in Rome. Early life and family Alessandro Alibrandi's father, Antonio Alibrandi, came from a wealthy family of Civitavecchia landowners. In his days as a law student in the ''Facoltà di Giurisprudenza'' (jurisprudence faculty), Antonio Alibrandi was a far-right activist. He entered the judiciary in December 1953 and rose to serve as investigating magistrate in the Rome justice system for a period of fifteen years. Antonio and his wife had three children: Alessandro, born on 12 June 1960, Cristina, and Lorenzo. Alessandro enrolled in the ''Liceo Scientifico Statale John Fitzgerald Kennedy'' high school, in the Monteverde area. It is said that he sometimes used to walk around the ''Liceo'' corridors with a gun tucked over his trouser belt. Pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or 'right' bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the directionality of the context. Specific forms of the mark include parentheses (also called "rounded brackets"), square brackets, curly brackets (also called 'braces'), and angle brackets (also called 'chevrons'), as well as various less common pairs of symbols. As well as signifying the overall class of punctuation, the word "bracket" is commonly used to refer to a specific form of bracket, which varies from region to region. In most English-speaking countries, an unqualified word "bracket" refers to the parenthesis (round bracket); in the United States, the square bracket. Various forms of brackets are used in mathematics, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Investigating Magistrate
In an inquisitorial system of law, the examining magistrate (also called investigating magistrate, inquisitorial magistrate, or investigating judge) is a judge who carries out pre-trial investigations into allegations of crime and in some cases makes a recommendation for prosecution. The exact role and standing of examining magistrates varies by jurisdiction. Common duties and powers of the examining magistrate include overseeing ongoing criminal investigations, issuing search warrants, authorizing wiretaps, making decisions on pretrial detention, interrogating the accused person, questioning witnesses, examining evidence, as well as compiling a dossier of evidence in preparation for trial. Examining magistrates have an important role in the French judiciary. They are also a feature of the Spanish, Dutch, Belgian and Greek criminal justice systems, although the extent of the examining magistrate's role has generally diminished over time. Since the late 20th and early 21st centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikis Mantakas
Mikis Mandakas ( el, Μίκης Μάντακας; June 13, 1952 – February 28, 1975) was a Greek nationalist student who was murdered by far-left activists in Italy during the Years of Lead. Biography Mikis Mandakas was born in Athens, Greece. He was the son of army officer Nikos Mandakas and mother Kalliopi Mandakas. During the dictatorship he was studying in Italy, first in Bologna and later in Rome, for dissertation on medicine studies. There he joined the youth of Italian right party the Italian Social Movement (MSI)'', FUAN''. The Murder On February 24, 1975 in the city of Rome, the trial of three leftists accused for burning the house of Mario Mattei, the secretary of the local organization of the right party MSI, began. On 16 April 1973, his home was set ablaze and his two children, Stefano and Virgilio (8 and 22 years respectively), were burnt alive after the arson attack. Police in riot gear surrounded the courthouse and began removing hundreds of protestors due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acronym
An acronym is a word or name formed from the initial components of a longer name or phrase. Acronyms are usually formed from the initial letters of words, as in '' NATO'' (''North Atlantic Treaty Organization''), but sometimes use syllables, as in '' Benelux'' (short for ''Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg''). They can also be a mixture, as in '' radar'' (''Radio Detection And Ranging''). Acronyms can be pronounced as words, like '' NASA'' and '' UNESCO''; as individual letters, like ''FBI'', '' TNT'', and ''ATM''; or as both letters and words, like ''JPEG'' (pronounced ') and ''IUPAC''. Some are not universally pronounced one way or the other and it depends on the speaker's preference or the context in which it is being used, such as '' SQL'' (either "sequel" or "ess-cue-el"). The broader sense of ''acronym''—the meaning of which includes terms pronounced as letters—is sometimes criticized, but it is the term's original meaning and is in common use. Dictionary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Brigades
The Red Brigades ( it, Brigate Rosse , often abbreviated BR) was a far-left Marxist–Leninist armed organization operating as a terrorist and guerrilla group based in Italy responsible for numerous violent incidents, including the abduction and murder of former Prime Minister Aldo Moro, during the Years of Lead. Formed in 1970, the Red Brigades sought to create a revolutionary state through armed struggle, and to remove Italy from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The organization attained notoriety in the 1970s and early 1980s with their violent acts of sabotage, bank robberies, the kneecapping of certain industrialists, factory owners, bankers, and politicians deemed to be exploitative; and the kidnappings and/or murders of industrialists, prominent capitalists, politicians, law enforcement officials, and other perceived “enemies” of the working-class revolution. Nearly fifty people were killed in its attacks between 1974 and 1988. According to the Center ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesca Mambro
Francesca Mambro (born 25 April 1959) is an Italian activist and former terrorist, who was a leading member of the far-right Italian Armed Revolutionary Nuclei (NAR). She was arrested in Rome in March 1982 for complicity in the Bologna bombing of August 1980. Mambro was tried and found guilty of 96 murders, for which she received a total of nine life sentences equating to over 84 years' imprisonment. Mambro was paroled in 2013 and her sentence expired five years later. Early life Mambro was born on 25 April 1959 in Chieti, the only daughter of four children (her brothers were Mariano, Mario and Italo). Mambro's father was a Marshal of Public Security. Her family moved to Rome when she was young, dwelling near Piazza Bologna. Mambro attended a magistral school. Far-right politics Mambro became politically active while attending the lyceum, and later joined the Italian Social Movement, first in its youth section and later graduating to the FUAN, where she worked at the organisatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Browning Hi-Power
The Browning Hi-Power is a single-action, semi-automatic pistol available in the 9×19mm Parabellum and .40 S&W calibers. It was based on a design by American firearms inventor John Browning, and completed by Dieudonné Saive at FN Herstal. Browning died in 1926, several years before the design was finalized. FN Herstal initially named the design the "High Power", which alludes to the 13-round magazine capacity, almost twice that of other designs at the time, such as the Luger or Colt M1911. During World War II, Belgium was occupied by Nazi Germany and the FN factory was used by the Wehrmacht to build the pistols for their military, under the designation "9mm Pistole 640(b)". FN Herstal continued to build guns for the Allied forces by moving their production line to a John Inglis and Company plant in Canada, where the name was changed to "Hi Power". The name change was kept even after production returned to Belgium. The pistol is often referred to as an HP or BHP, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentito
''Pentito'' (; lit. "repentant"; plural: ''pentiti'') is used colloquially to designate collaborators of justice in Italian criminal procedure terminology who were formerly part of criminal organizations and decided to collaborate with a public prosecutor. The judicial category of ''pentiti'' was originally created in 1970s to combat violence and terrorism during the period of left- and right-wing terrorism known as the Years of Lead. During the 1986–87 Maxi Trial, and after the testimony of Tommaso Buscetta, the term was increasingly applied to former members of organized crime who had abandoned their organization and started helping investigators. Role and benefits In exchange for the information they deliver, ''pentiti'' receive shorter sentences for their crimes, in some cases even freedom. In the Italian judicial system, ''pentiti'' can obtain personal protection, a new name, and some money to start a new life in another place, possibly abroad. This practice is common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamphlet
A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a hard cover or binding). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a ''leaflet'' or it may consist of a few pages that are folded in half and saddle stapled at the crease to make a simple book. For the "International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals", UNESCO defines a pamphlet as "a non- periodical printed publication of at least 5 but not more than 48 pages, exclusive of the cover pages, published in a particular country and made available to the public" and a book as "a non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, exclusive of the cover pages". The UNESCO definitions are, however, only meant to be used for the particular purpose of drawing up their book production statistics. Etymology The word ''pamphlet'' for a small work (''opuscule'') issued by itself without covers came into Middl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primavalle Fire
The Primavalle fire (''Rogo di Primavalle'' in Italian) was a political arson-attack that occurred in Rome in 1973. It resulted in the death of two people. Background On 12 April 1973, in Milan, policeman Antonio Marino of the '' Reparto Mobile'', was in active duty during a demonstration held by MSI (the Italian neofascist ''Movimento Sociale Italiano'', Italian Social Movement) in protest against "red violence." There were clashes between the police and demonstrators, a group of which engaged in vandalism and also attacked police stations by throwing hand grenades. One of the grenades exploded on Marino, killing him instantly. The perpetrators were subsequently identified as members of the neofascist Milanese group ''La Fenice'' ("The Phoenix"),The group took its name from the nationalist magazine of the same title whose first issue appeared in 1971. Their objective, as it was stated in the magazine, was "to impose a new order, an order of militants and fighters...aimed at only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franco Anselmi (terrorist)
Franco Anselmi (1 March 1956 – 6 March 1978) was an Italian neofascist terrorist who was active in the organization ''Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari'' ( Armed Revolutionary Nuclei). He was killed during an attempt to rob a gun shop in Rome. Early life Franco Anselmi was born in Bologna on 1 March 1956, the youngest of three children. His family moved to Florence and then to Rome, where young Franco enrolled in the Kepler XI Liceo Scientifico. At school, he was already expressing nationalist views and sympathy for far-right parties and organizations. In 1972, during his fourth year at the school, he was attacked by a group of left-wing students. The blows put Anselmi in a coma for three months. Upon his release from medical care, he had suffered permanent damage to his eyes that significantly lowered his visual ability. To compensate for the lost school time, he enrolled at the Monsignor Egisto Tozzi Institute, in the Monteverde area of Rome, where, in 1975, he made the acquainta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massimo Carminati
Massimo Carminati (; born 31 May 1958), allegedly nicknamed "the last king of Rome", is an Italian underworld figure and former member of far-right terrorist group Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari and criminal gang Banda della Magliana, which were at the centre of sensational allegations of state collusion and Masonic conspiracy during Italy's Years of Lead. Carminati was investigated for match fixing in 2012. In 2014 he was arrested with 36 others on allegations of running a corrupt network that infiltrated Rome's public administration. He was charged with fraud, money laundering, embezzlement, and the bribing of public officials. In 2017, Carminati was sentenced to 20 years in jail. The sentence was revoked in 2018 and he is free since 2020. Background Carminati frequented a bar that was a haunt of Rome criminals and political extremists. He became a particular friend of Valerio Fioravanti, leader of the far right terrorist group ''Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari'' ("Armed Revolutionar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
