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Alca Electronics
Alca Electronics, styled ALCA on their products, was a British manufacturer of arcade games, starting with electro-mechanical games and later moving to video games. While they designed their own electromechanical games, most of their video games were unlicensed copies of other designs, starting with Atari's ''Pong'', which they called ''Ping Pong''. ''Ping Pong'' reached the UK market six months before Atari, becoming the first video game made in Europe. During their heyday, they branched out to pool tables and fruit machines and similar devices, becoming one of the larger electronics manufacturers in Manchester area. A series of events in the early 1980s led to the rapid downfall of the company. In August 1981, Martin Bromley, former founder of Sega and now one of the company's major distributors, was convicted of VAT tax fraud and his assets were frozen. In November, Alca began selling off their machines at low prices to keep the cash flowing. In February 1982, Sega's recently fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchester
Manchester () is a city and the metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It had an estimated population of in . Greater Manchester is the third-most populous metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2.92 million, and the largest in Northern England. It borders the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The city borders the boroughs of Trafford, Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Stockport, Tameside, Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Oldham, Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Rochdale, Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Bury and City of Salford, Salford. The history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort (''castra'') of Mamucium, ''Mamucium'' or ''Mancunium'', established on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers River Medlock, Medlock and River Irwell, Irwell. Throughout the Middle Ages, Manchester remained a ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf+Western
Gulf and Western Industries, Inc. (stylized as Gulf+Western) was an American conglomerate. The company originally focused on manufacturing and resource extraction, but it began purchasing a number of entertainment companies beginning in 1966 and continuing through the 1970s. Most notable among the acquisitions were film studio Paramount Pictures in 1966, television studio Desilu Productions in 1967, arcade and later videogame manufacturer Sega in 1969, book publisher Simon & Schuster in 1975, and a number of music labels including Dot Records (a subsidiary of Paramount at the time of purchase). Some of these properties were reorganized under the Paramount brand, with Dot Records becoming the nucleus of Paramount Records and Desilu being renamed Paramount Television. The company pivoted to focus on entertainment and publishing, selling off its other assets through the course of the 1980s. Gulf and Western rebranded itself as Paramount Communications in 1989. A controlling i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronics Companies Disestablished In 1982
Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other electrically charged particles. It is a subfield of physics and electrical engineering which uses active devices such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits to control and amplify the flow of electric current and to convert it from one form to another, such as from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) or from analog signals to digital signals. Electronic devices have significantly influenced the development of many aspects of modern society, such as telecommunications, entertainment, education, health care, industry, and security. The main driving force behind the advancement of electronics is the semiconductor industry, which continually produces ever-more sophisticated electronic devices and circuits in response to global demand. The semiconductor industry is one of the global e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright Infringement
Copyright infringement (at times referred to as piracy) is the use of Copyright#Scope, works protected by copyright without permission for a usage where such permission is required, thereby infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to produce derivative works. The copyright holder is usually the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in Civil law (common law), civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, or the fraudulent imitation of a product or brand, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Value Added Tax
A value-added tax (VAT or goods and services tax (GST), general consumption tax (GCT)) is a consumption tax that is levied on the value added at each stage of a product's production and distribution. VAT is similar to, and is often compared with, a sales tax. VAT is an indirect tax, because the consumer who ultimately bears the burden of the tax is not the entity that pays it. Specific goods and services are typically exempted in various jurisdictions. Products exported to other countries are typically exempted from the tax, typically via a rebate to the exporter. VAT is usually implemented as a destination-based tax, where the tax rate is based on the location of the customer. VAT raises about a fifth of total tax revenues worldwide and among the members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). As of January 2025, 175 of the 193 countries with UN membership employ a VAT, including all OECD members except the United States. History German indust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnival (video Game)
''Carnival'' is a fixed shooter video game developed by Gremlin and released by Sega in arcades in 1980. It was one of the first video games with a bonus round. ''Carnival'' was ported to Atari 8-bit computers in 1981 by ANALOG Software, the commercial software label of ''ANALOG Computing'' magazine; it was later ported to the Atari 2600, ColecoVision, and Intellivision in 1982 by Coleco. Gameplay The goal of the game is to shoot at targets while conserving a limited ammunition supply for as long as possible. There are buttons for firing and left/right movement. The cocktail version replaces the directional buttons with a two-way joystick. Three rows of targets scroll across the screen in alternating directions; these include rabbits, ducks, owls, and extra-bullet targets, with higher rows awarding more points. If a duck reaches the bottom row without being shot, it will come to life and begin flying down toward the player. Any ducks that reach the bottom of the screen in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rally X
is a List of maze video games, maze chase arcade video game developed in Japan and Germany by Namco and released in 1980. In North America, it was distributed by Midway Games, Midway Manufacturing and in Europe by Karateco. Players drive a blue Formula One race car through a multidirectional scrolling maze to collect yellow flags. Boulders block some paths and must be avoided. Red enemy cars pursue the player in an attempt to collide with them. Red cars can be temporarily stunned by laying down smoke screens at the cost of fuel. ''Rally-X'' is one of the first games with bonus stages and continuously-playing background music. ''Rally-X'' was designed as a successor to Sega's ''Head On (video game), Head On'' (1979), an earlier maze chase game with cars. It was a commercial success in Japan, where it was the sixth highest-grossing game of 1980, but Midway released the game in North America to largely underwhelming results. The game is known in North America for an often-repeated, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
