|
Alan Woodworth Johnson
Alan Woodworth Johnson (20 September 1917 – 5 December 1982) was a British professor of biochemistry. Education Born in South Shields, Alan W. Johnson grew up near Newcastle-upon-Tyne and, with the aid of scholarship, attended Morpeth Grammar School (now known as King Edward VI School, Morpeth). From 1933 to 1936 he was a worker with low pay and attended evening classes. By means of a Royal Scholarship, he matriculated in 1936 at Imperial College London, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1938 and, with the aid of a University Scholarship, earned a Ph.D. in 1940. His Ph.D. thesis was supervised by Ewart Jones. Career In late 1940 Johnson was recruited by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and put on ICI's payroll as an assistant (at Imperial College London) to Ian Heilbron on a vitamin A synthesis project. In 1942 Johnson went to work in ICI"s Dyestuffs Division in Blackley (an area of Manchester). During the remainder of WW II he worked on acetylenic compounds, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Shields
South Shields () is a coastal town in South Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England; it is on the south bank of the mouth of the River Tyne. The town was once known in Roman Britain, Roman times as ''Arbeia'' and as ''Caer Urfa'' by the Early Middle Ages. In 2021 it had a population of 75,337. It is the fourth largest settlement in Tyne and Wear, after Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland and Gateshead. Historically within the county of County Durham, Durham, South Shields is south of North Shields and Tynemouth across the River Tyne; and east of Newcastle upon Tyne and Jarrow. History Evidence of human inhabitation at South Shields dates from the Late Mesolithic. The first evidence of a settlement within what is now the town of South Shields dates from pre-historic times. Stone Age arrow heads and an Iron Age round house have been discovered on the site of Arbeia Roman Fort. The Roman garrison built a fort here around AD 160 and expanded it around AD 208 to help supply their soldiers al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropolone
Tropolone is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a pale yellow solid that is soluble in organic solvents. The compound has been of interest to research chemists because of its unusual electronic structure and its role as a ligand precursor. Although not usually prepared from tropone, it can be viewed as its derivative with a hydroxyl group in the 2-position. Synthesis and reactions Many methods have been described for the synthesis of tropolone. One involves bromination of 1,2-cycloheptanedione with ''N''-bromosuccinimide followed by dehydrohalogenation at elevated temperatures, while another uses acyloin condensation of the ethyl ester of pimelic acid the acyloin again followed by oxidation by bromine. : An alternate route is a +2 cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene with a ketene to give a bicyclo .2.0eptyl structure, followed by hydrolysis and breakage of the fusion bond to give the single ring: : Thy hydroxyl group of tropolone is acidic, having a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meldola Medal And Prize
The Meldola Medal and Prize was awarded annually from 1921 to 1979 by the Chemical Society and from 1980 to 2008 by the Royal Society of Chemistry to a British chemist who was under 32 years of age for promising original investigations in chemistry (which had been published). It commemorated Raphael Meldola, President of the Maccabaeans and the Institute of Chemistry. The prize was the sum of £500 and a bronze medal. The prize was modified in 2008 and joined the Edward Harrison Memorial Prize The Edward Harrison Memorial Prize was awarded from 1926 to 1979 by the Chemical Society and from 1980 to 2007 by its successor the Royal Society of Chemistry to a British chemist who was under 32 years of age, and working the fields of theoretical ... to become the Harrison-Meldola Memorial Prizes. Winners Awardees include: * ''For 2009 onwards, see Harrison-Meldola Memorial Prizes'' * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolytus
''Scolytus'' is a genus of bark beetles (subfamily Scolytinae). It includes several species notorious for destroying trees in the forests. The Dutch elm disease is spread in North America by two species : the native elm bark beetle, ''Hylurgopinus rufipes'', and the European elm bark beetle, ''Scolytus multistriatus''. In Europe, while the aforementioned ''Scolytus multistriatus'' again acts as vector for infection, it is much less effective than the large elm bark beetle '' Scolytus scolytus''. Species Species include: *'' Scolytus amygdali'' Guerin, 1847, the almond bark beetle *'' Scolytus dentatus'' Bright, 1964 *'' Scolytus fagi'' Walsh, 1867 *'' Scolytus jacobsoni'' Spessivtzev, 1919 *'' Scolytus laricis'' Blackman, 1934, the larch engraver *'' Scolytus mali'' ( Bechstein, 1805), the larger shothole borer *'' Scolytus monticolae'' Swaine, 1917 *''Scolytus multistriatus'' (Marsham, 1802), the European elm bark beetle, smaller European elm bark beetle *'' Scolytus muti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pheromone
A pheromone () is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect the behavior of the receiving individuals. There are ''alarm signal, alarm pheromones'', ''food trail pheromones'', ''sex pheromones'', and many others that affect behavior or physiology. Pheromones are used by many organisms, from basic unicellular prokaryotes to complex multicellular eukaryotes. Their use among insects has been particularly well documented. In addition, some vertebrates, plants and ciliates communicate by using pheromones. The ecological functions and evolution of pheromones are a major topic of research in the field of chemical ecology. Background The portmanteau word "pheromone" was coined by Peter Karlson and Martin Lüscher in 1959, based on the Greek language, Greek () and (). Pheromones are also sometimes classified as ec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural And Food Research Council
The Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) was a British Research Council responsible for funding and managing scientific and technological developments in farming and horticulture. History The AFRC was formed in 1983 from its predecessor, the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). It was replaced by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), part of UK Research and Innovation, is a non-departmental public body (NDPB), and is the largest UK public funder of non-medical bioscience. It predominantly funds science, scient ... (BBSRC) as a result of government reorganisation in 1994. At that time, Sir William Henderson who was secretary to the AFRC claimed that "agriculture was a success story" hence the AFRC could be closed and a new vision for research was envisaged in the creation of the BBSRC. With this shift in emphasis, there also followed the closure of several educational and research o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Sussex
The University of Sussex is a public university, public research university, research university located in Falmer, East Sussex, England. It lies mostly within the city boundaries of Brighton and Hove. Its large campus site is surrounded by the South Downs National Park, and provides convenient access to central Brighton away. The university received its royal charter in August 1961, the first of the plate glass university generation. More than a third of its students are enrolled in postgraduate programmes and approximately a third of staff are from outside the United Kingdom. Sussex has a diverse community of nearly 20,000 students, with around one in three being foreign students, and over 1,000 academics, representing over 140 different nationalities. The annual income of the institution for 2023–24 was £379.6 million of which £39.9 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £291.3 million. Sussex counts five Nobel Prize winners, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corrin
Corrin is a heterocyclic compound. Although not known to exist on its own, the molecule is of interest as the parent macrocycle related to the cofactor and chromophore in vitamin B12. Its name reflects that it is the "core" of vitamin B12 (cobalamins). Compounds with a corrin core are known as "corrins". There are two chiral centres, which in natural compounds like cobalamin have the same stereochemistry. Coordination chemistry Upon deprotonation, the corrinoid ring is capable of binding cobalt. In vitamin B12, the resulting complex also features a benzimidazole-derived ligand, and the sixth site on the octahedron serves as the catalytic center. The corrin ring resembles the porphyrin ring. Both feature four pyrrole-like subunits organized into rings. Corrins have a central 15-membered ring whereas porphryins have an interior 16-membered ring. All four nitrogen centers are linked by conjugation structure, with alternating double and single bonds. In contrast to po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porphyrin
Porphyrins ( ) are heterocyclic, macrocyclic, organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (). In vertebrates, an essential member of the porphyrin group is heme, which is a component of hemoproteins, whose functions include carrying oxygen in the bloodstream. In plants, an essential porphyrin derivative is chlorophyll, which is involved in light harvesting and electron transfer in photosynthesis. The parent of porphyrins is porphine, a rare chemical compound of exclusively theoretical interest. Substituted porphines are called porphyrins. With a total of 26 π-electrons the porphyrin ring structure is a coordinated aromatic system. One result of the large conjugated system is that porphyrins absorb strongly in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. they are deeply colored. The name "porphyrin" derives . Structure Porphyrin complexes consist of a square planar MN4 core. The p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cliff Addison
Cyril Clifford Addison, FRS (28 November 1913 – 1 April 1994) was a British inorganic chemist. Career Addison was a member of the Chemical Inspection Department, Ministry of Supply from 1939 to 1945. He was Lecturer, Reader and Professor of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Nottingham from 1946 to 1978, and Leverhulme Emeritus Professor from 1978 to 1994. Awards and honours Addison was elected Fellow of the Royal Society on 19 March 1970 and President of the Royal Society of Chemistry The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) is a learned society and professional association in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemistry, chemical sciences". It was formed in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Chemical Society, the ... from 1976 to 1977. Personal life Addison married Marjorie Thompson in 1939; they had one son, one daughter. Works *''Inorganic chemistry of the main-group elements'', Editor Cyril Clifford Addison, Chemical Society, 1978, table of contents at Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dan Eley
Daniel Douglas Eley (1 October 1914 – 3 September 2015) was a British chemist and Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Nottingham. He is known for the Eley–Rideal mechanism in surface chemistry. Biography Eley obtained a BSc in Chemistry from the University of Manchester in 1934, and an MSc in 1935. He studied for a PhD with Michael Polanyi which he obtained in 1937, but then moved to St John's College, Cambridge where he undertook a second PhD with Eric Rideal which he obtained in 1940. In 1945 he was appointed to a Lectureship in Colloid Science at the University of Bristol and was promoted to a Readership in Biophysical Chemistry in 1951. In 1954 he was appointed to be the first Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Nottingham. In 1961 he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), and in 1964 he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. Academic career Eley was instrumental in the development of the School of Chemist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
