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Al-Birwa
Al-Birwa (, also spelled ''al-Birweh'') was a Palestinian Arab village, located east of Acre (Akka). In 1945, it had a population of 1,460, of whom the majority were Muslims and a significant minority, Christians. Its total land area consisted of 13,542 dunams (13.5 square kilometers). The village was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The settlement at Al-Birwa was started in the Roman era, and reached a peak in the Byzantine era. In the mid-11th century CE Al-Birwa was mentioned by the Persian geographer Nasir Khusraw and it was known to the Crusaders as ''"Broet"''. The village came under Mamluk rule in the late 13th century, and in the early 16th century, it was conquered by the Ottomans, who ruled it for four centuries. Travelers' reports from the late 19th century documented that al-Birwa had a mosque, a church and an elementary school for boys (a girls' school was built in 1942). During British Mandate rule in Palestine, al-Birwa was home to local power b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmoud Darwish
Mahmoud Darwish (; 13 March 1941 – 9 August 2008) was a Palestinians, Palestinian poet and author who was regarded as Palestine's national poet. In 1988 Darwish wrote the Palestinian Declaration of Independence, which was the formal declaration for the creation of a State of Palestine. Darwish won numerous awards for his works. In his poetic works, Darwish explored Palestine as a metaphor for the loss of Garden of Eden, Eden, birth and resurrection, and the anguish of dispossession and exile. He has been described as incarnating and reflecting "the tradition of the political poet in Islam, the man of action whose action is poetry." He also served as an editor for several literary magazines in Israel and the Palestinian territories. Darwish wrote in Arabic, and also spoke English, French, and Hebrew. Biography Mahmoud Darwish was born in 1941 in al-Birwa in the Western Galilee, the second child of Salim and Houreyyah Darwish. His family were landowners. His mother was illiter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sha'ab, Israel
Sha'ab (; ; meaning "The spur") is an Arab localities in Israel, Arab town and local council (Israel), local council in the Northern District (Israel), Northern District of Israel. It has an area of 5,442 dunams () of land under its jurisdiction. In its population was . History French scholar Victor Guérin associated Sha'ab with ''Saab'', a place mentioned by 1st-century Jewish historian Josephus. The ''Midrash Rabba'' (Leviticus Rabba s. 20,9) mentions a certain Rabbi Mani of Sha'ab, together with Yehoshua of Sakhnin and Rabbi Johanan bar Nappaha. In the 14th century, the tax income from the village was given to the wakf of the madrasah and mausoleum of the Shafi'i Manjaq in Egypt. Ottoman era In 1517, Sha'ab was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire along with the rest of Palestine (region), Palestine. In 1573 (981 Hijri year, AH) Sha'ab was one of several villages in Galilee which rebelled against the Ottomans. In 1596, the village appeared in Ottoman Defter, tax registers a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahihud
Ahihud () is a moshav in the Western Galilee in northern Israel, about 9 km east of Acre. It was founded in 1950, settled by Jewish refugees from Yemen. It belongs to the Moshavim Movement and falls within the jurisdiction of the Mateh Asher Regional Council. The name of Ahihud is taken from a Biblical verse: "The leader of the tribe of Asher was Ahihud, son of Shlomi" (Numbers 34:27). After sources of water enabling the establishment of permanent settlements were discovered in the region, kibbutz Yasur was founded. Its area is 1,800 dunams, and most of its residents are descendants of Yemenite Jewish refugees. History The moshav was established on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Al-Birwa. Conder and Kitchener thought that Al-Birwa preserves in its name the more ancient name of ''Beri'' (), mentioned in the Jerusalem Talmud (''Pesahim'' iv.1 6a, seeing that both it and Kabul are mentioned together. According to Josephus, the villages in the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acre Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Acre Subdistrict (, ''Qadaa Akka''; , ''Nefat Akko'') was one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It was located in what is now northern Israel, having nearly the same territory as the modern-day Acre County. The city of Acre was the district's capital. The subdistrict was transformed into Northern District's Acre Subdistrict. Borders * Safad Subdistrict (East) * Tiberias Subdistrict (East) * Nazareth Subdistrict (South) * Haifa Subdistrict (South West) * Lebanon (North) History of attachment to a district The layout of the districts of Mandatory Palestine changed several times: * 1922 Northern District * 1937 Galilee District * 1939 Galilee and Acre District * 1940 Galilee District * 1948 dissolution The territory is now covered by the Northern District of Israel. Depopulated towns and villages (current localities in parentheses) * Amqa ( Amka) * Arab al-Samniyya ( Ya'ara) * al-Bassa ( Betzet, Rosh HaNikra, Shlomi, Tzahal) * al-Birwa ( Ahihud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Damun
Al-Damun (, ''al-Dâmûn''), was a Palestinian Arab village located from the city of Acre that was depopulated during 1948 Arab-Israeli war. In 1945, the village had 1,310 inhabitants, most of whom were Muslim and the remainder Christians. Al-Damun bordered the al-Na'amin River (Belus River), which the village's inhabitants used as a source of irrigation and drinking water from installed wells. History Excavations at the site has shown pot sherds dating from the Late Bronze Age, up to and including Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Ottoman times. It might be the village Damun in lower Galilee, noted in Roman times. Al-Damun is mentioned in early Arab and Persian sources from the 11th century CE. Local tradition identified the village as containing the tomb of the prophet Dhul-Kifl, who is mentioned in the Qur'an twice. Despite Islamic tradition claiming the tomb to be in al-Kifl near Najaf or Kifl Hares near Nablus, Nasir Khusrawl, who visited the region in 1047, wrote "I r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine was a British Empire, British geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the Palestine (region), region of Palestine, and after 1922, under the terms of the League of Nations's Mandate for Palestine. After an Arab Revolt, Arab uprising against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War in 1916, British Empire, British Egyptian Expeditionary Force, forces drove Ottoman Empire, Ottoman forces out of the Levant. The United Kingdom had agreed in the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence that it would honour Arab independence in case of a revolt but, in the end, the United Kingdom and French Third Republic, France divided what had been Ottoman Syria under the Sykes–Picot Agreement—an act of betrayal in the eyes of the Arabs. Another issue was the Balfour Declaration of 1917, in which Britain promised its support for the establishment of a Homeland for the Jewish people, Jewish "national home" in Palestine. Mandatory Palestine was then establishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
The Mamluk Sultanate (), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled medieval Egypt, Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries, with Cairo as its capital. It was ruled by a military caste of mamluks (freed slave soldiers) headed by a sultan. The sultanate was established with the overthrow of the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt in 1250 and was Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517), conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Mamluk history is generally divided into the Turkic peoples, Turkic or Bahri Mamluks, Bahri period (1250–1382) and the Circassians, Circassian or Burji Mamluks, Burji period (1382–1517), called after the predominant ethnicity or corps of the ruling Mamluks during these respective eras. The first rulers of the sultanate hailed from the mamluk regiments of the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub (), usurping power from his successor in 1250. The Mamluks under Sultan Qutuz and Baybars Battle of Ain Jalut, routed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HH Kitchener
Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. Kitchener came to prominence for his imperial campaigns, his involvement in the Second Boer War, and his central role in the early part of the First World War. Kitchener was credited in 1898 for having won the Battle of Omdurman and securing control of the Sudan, for which he was made Baron Kitchener of Khartoum. As Chief of Staff (1900–1902) in the Second Boer WarAnon."Kitchener of Khartoum, Viscount" in ''Debrett's peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage'', London: Dean & Son, 1903, p. 483-484. he played a key role in Lord Roberts' conquest of the Boer Republics, then succeeded Roberts as commander-in-chief – by which time Boer forces had taken to guerrilla fighting and British forces imprisoned Boer and African civilians in concentration camps. His term as commander-in-chief (1902–1909) of the Army in India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (, ; ) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. Uthman ibn Affan, the third of the Rashidun caliphs, was also a member of the clan. The family established dynastic, hereditary rule with Mu'awiya I, the long-time governor of Bilad al-Sham, Greater Syria, who became caliph after the end of the First Fitna in 661. After Mu'awiya's death in 680, conflicts over the succession resulted in the Second Fitna, and power eventually fell to Marwan I, from another branch of the clan. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, with Damascus as their capital. The Umayyads continued the Early Muslim conquests, Muslim conquests, conquering Ifriqiya, Transoxiana, Sind (caliphal province), Sind, the Maghreb and Hispania (al-Andalus). At its greatest extent (661–750), the Umayyad Caliphate covered , making it one of the largest empires in history in terms of ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hectare
The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides (1 hm2), that is, square metres (), and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is about and one hectare contains about . In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the ''are'' was defined as 100 square metres, or one square decametre, and the hectare (" hecto-" + "are") was thus 100 ''ares'' or km2 ( square metres). When the metric system was further rationalised in 1960, resulting in the International System of Units (), the ''are'' was not included as a recognised unit. The hectare, however, remains as a non-SI unit accepted for use with the SI and whose use is "expected to continue indefinitely". Though the dekare/decare daa () and are (100 m2) are not officially "accepted for use", they are still used in some contexts. Description The hectare (), although not a unit of SI, is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Majd Al-Kurum
Majd al-Krum ( ''Majd al-Kurūm'', ) is an Arab town located in the Galilee in Israel's Northern District about 16 kilometers (10 miles) east of Acre. Its inhabitants are primarily Muslim. In it had a population of . Name The name Majd al-Krum translates from Arabic as "watch-house of the vineyard", reflecting the town's fame for the quality of its grapevines. Rock-carved pits on the outskirts of the town were used to press the grapes to make wine since ancient times. Majd al-Krum has been identified as ''Beit HaKerem,'' a Jewish Talmudic-period town mentioned in the Mishnah, whose means the same in Hebrew and Arabic. Geography Majd al-Krum is an ancient site in the heart of the Galilee, situated in the northwestern end of the Beit HaKerem Valley, called al-Shaghur in Arabic, at the foot of Jabal Mahüz.Dauphin, 1998, p. 662.Yiftachel 1998, p. 53. It is the largest Arab locality in the valley. It historically derived its importance from its position in the valley, which s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julis
Julis ( ''Jūlis'', ''G'ulis'') is a Druze village and Local council (Israel), local council in the Northern District (Israel), Northern District of Israel. In it had a population of . Etymology According to local legend, the name is derived from "Julius," the name of a Roman commander who camped in the area. Others say it is from the Arabic word for "sitting" - "jalis", as it is located on lower hills than the surrounding villages, and thus seems to be sitting. History Julis was a Jews, Jewish village in Talmudic times and had a Jewish presence in the Late Middle Ages (14th-16th centuries). In 1388, Sa'adia Ben Ya'akov copied "The Sufficient Guide" by the Tanhum of Jerusalem, "in the town of Julis... near Acre." Ottoman period According to the 1596 Ottoman empire, Ottoman ''Defter, tax records'' Julis had a predominantly Druze population, with a total of 79 households. The taxable produce comprised wheat, barley, "summer crops", fruit trees, and "goats and bees". Julis also ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
