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Ahmet Cevat Emre
Ahmet Cevat Emre (1876–1961) was a Turkish journalist and linguist. He was a member of the Turkish Language Association (TDK) and involved in the latinization of the Turkish alphabet. He also served as a deputy for Çanakkale in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Early life and education Emre was born on Crete, which at the time was within the Ottoman Empire. He later moved to Istanbul where he attended the Kuleli Military High School and later also the Ottoman Military College. He was expected to have successful career in the Ottoman Military, but was imprisoned and exiled to Tripoli, Libya in 1895. In Tripolitania he became familiar with philosopher Herbert Spencers' "First Principles". He later was able to escape to Europe, and was able to return to Istanbul after the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and joined the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). Professional career He wrote a booklet on the Ottoman language for Middle schools in 1910 and at the beginning of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmet Cevat Emre-2
Ahmad () is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other English spellings of the name include Ahmed. It is also used as a surname. Etymology The word derives from the root ( ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the verb (''ḥameda'', "to thank or to praise"), non-past participle (). Lexicology As an Arabic name, it has its origins in a Quranic prophecy attributed to Jesus in the Quran which most Islamic scholars concede is about Muhammad. It also shares the same roots as Mahmud, Muhammad, Hamed, and Hamad. In its transliteration, the name has one of the highest number of spelling variations in the world. Some Islamic traditions view the name Ahmad as another given name of Muhammad at birth by his mother, considered by Muslims to be the more esoteric name of Muhammad and central to understanding his nature. Over the centuries, some Islamic scholars have suggested the name's parallel is in the word 'Paraclete' from the Biblical text,"Isa", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Empire
The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich; . from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the German revolution of 1918–1919, November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a Weimar Republic, republic. The German Empire consisted of States of the German Empire, 25 states, each with its own nobility: four constituent Monarchy, kingdoms, six Grand duchy, grand duchies, five Duchy, duchies (six before 1876), seven Principality, principalities, three Free imperial city, free Hanseatic League, Hanseatic City-state, cities, and Alsace–Lorraine, one imperial territory. While Prussia was one of four kingdoms in the realm, it contained about two-thirds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Freiburg
The University of Freiburg (colloquially ), officially the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (), is a public university, public research university located in Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The university was founded in 1457 by the House of Habsburg, Habsburg dynasty as the second university in Austrian-Habsburg territory after the University of Vienna. Today, Freiburg is the List of universities in Germany#Universities by date of establishment, fifth-oldest university in Germany, with a long tradition of teaching the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences and technology and enjoys a high academic reputation both nationally and internationally. The university is made up of 11 faculty (division), faculties and attracts students from across Germany as well as from over 120 other countries. Foreign students constitute about 18.2% of total student numbers. The University of Freiburg has been associated with figures such as Hannah Arendt, Rudolf Carna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and revolutionary statesman who was the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping Atatürk's reforms, reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secularism in Turkey, secular, industrializing nation. Ideologically a Secularism, secularist and Turkish nationalism, nationalist, Atatürk's reforms, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. He came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Although not directly involved in the Armenian genocide, his government would later grant immunity to remaining perpetrators. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted the Empire's partition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aydınlık
''Aydınlık'' ("Clarify" or "Enlightenment" in Turkish) is the newspaper of the Patriotic Party (''Vatan Partisi''). Originally launched as a weekly newspaper in 1921, it has been repeatedly closed and relaunched, most recently in 2011. History Early history ''Aydınlık'' was launched in 1921 as the Ottoman Empire's first socialist newspaper (a weekly); it was associated with the Communist Party of Turkey. It was closed down in 1925. In the interim it published authors such as Nâzım Hikmet, Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, Hasan Âli and Kerim Sadi. In November 1968 it was relaunched as a monthly magazine, by Doğu Perinçek and Vahap Erdoğdu of the Workers Party of Turkey, with contributors including İbrahim Kaypakkaya. It was closed in 1971 after the 1971 Turkish coup d'état. It was relaunched in November 1974 as a weekly, but was shut down under martial law in February 1975. It resumed publication in October when martial law was lifted, as a monthly magazine. On 1 M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şevket Süreyya Aydemir
Şevket Süreyya Aydemir (1897–25 March 1976) was a Turkish writer, intellectual, economist, historian, and one of the founders, publisher and a key theorist of '' Kadro'' ("Cadre"), an influential left-wing political journal published in Turkey from 1932 to 1934. Life Aydemir was educated and became familiar with Marxism at Moscow University where he studied economics, and worked as a teacher in Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Russia. He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of Turkey, and attended a Soviet-sponsored Congress for the Peoples of the East in Baku on the Turkish party's behalf. Upon his return to Turkey from the Soviet Union, he wrote for '' Aydınlık'' magazine. The magazine was shut down in 1925 for political reasons, and he was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the Ankara Independence Court for the views he had expounded in the magazine. He was released after a year and a half. He was tried again in 1927 but this time wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow State University
Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,. is a public university, public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 List of Nobel laureates, Nobel laureates, six Fields Medal winners, and one Turing Award winner were affiliated with the university. History Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov promoted the idea of a university in Moscow, and Elizabeth of Russia, Russian Empress Elizabeth decreed its establishment on . The first lectures were given on . Saint Petersburg State University and MSU each claim to be Russia's oldest university. Though Moscow State University was founded in 1755, St. Petersburg which has had a continuous existence as a "university" since 1819 sees itself as the successor of an a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vâlâ Nureddin
Ahmed Vâlâ Nureddin (1901–1967) was a Turkish writer and journalist, also known under his pen name Va-Nu. Early life and education Vala Nureddin was born in Beirut, as a son to a Vali of Beirut, but his birth was registered in Constantinople as there the citizens wouldn't have to serve in the military. Vala moved to Constantinople, where he attended the Galatasaray high school between 1911 and 1916. He then settled to Vienna, Austria-Hungary where he enrolled in the Vienna School of Economics, focusing on financial studies. By 1917, he was in Istanbul and employed at the and the Ministry of Finance. He was not satisfied with what he did and therefore began to write and publish poetry. In 1921, Vâlâ and Nazim Hikmet, attempting to join the Kemalist forces in the Turkish War of Independence, went to Inebolu at the Black Sea. But their communist views were not popular among the Kemalist forces, so they moved on to the Soviet Union. In the Soviet Union They initially t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nâzım Hikmet
Mehmed Nâzım Ran (17 January 1902 – 3 June 1963), Note: 403 Forbidden error received 10 October 2022. commonly known as Nâzım Hikmet (), was a Turkish people, Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, director, and memoirist. He was acclaimed for the "lyrical flow of his statements".Selected poems, Nazim Hikmet translated by Ruth Christie, Richard McKane, Talat Sait Halman, Anvil press Poetry, 2002, p.9 Described as a "romantic communist"Saime Goksu, Edward Timms, ''Romantic Communist: The Life and Work of Nazim Hikmet'', St. Martin's Press, New York and a "romantic revolutionary", he was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile. His poetry has been translated into more than 50 languages. Family According to Nâzım Hikmet, he was of paternal Turkish and maternal German, Polish, French and Georgian descent. His mother came from a distinguished cosmopolitan family with predominantly-Circassians, Cir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Subhi
Mustafa Suphi or Mustafa Subhi (1883 – 28 January 1921) was a Turkish revolutionary and communist during the period of dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. Early life Suphi was born in 1883 in Giresun Province, in the Ottoman Empire, now located in Turkey. He was educated in Jerusalem, Damascus and Erzurum before he attended Galatasaray High School. He studied political science in Paris, where he was also a correspondent of the Turkish newspaper '' Tanin''. He returned to Turkey in 1910, where he edited the newspaper ''Ifham''. He also gave lectures on law and economics. In 1913 he was accused of involvement in the assassination of Mahmud Şevket Pasha and sentenced to fifteen years of exile in Sinop. There, he contributed articles about western philosophy to the periodicals ''Ictiha'' and ''Hak''. However, in 1914 he escaped from Sinop and fled to Russia, where, following the outbreak of the First World War, Russian authorities regarded him as a prisoner of war and sent h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yani Dyunya
''Yani dyunya'' () is a Crimean Tatar-language weekly newspaper, published in Simferopol. Its history dates back to 1918, when it was established in Moscow. In 2015, the newspaper was merged with the magazine ''Yildiz''. History The newspaper was founded in Moscow in 1918. Its first director was the Turkish Communist Mustafa Suphi. The newspaper was later moved to Simferopol, and in the late 1930s renamed to ''Kyzyl Kyrym'' () (''Red Crimea''). It was closed with the deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944, and refounded in 1957 in Tashkent with the name ''Lenin bayragy'' () (''Lenin's Flag'') as an organ of the Central Committee of the Uzbek SSR Communist Party. In the 1970s, the newspaper was printed thrice a week with a circulation of 23,000. In June 1983, the government of the Uzbek SSR forbid the newspaper from using terms such as "Crimean ASSR", as well as Crimean Tatar names of towns such as "Aqmescit" for Simferopol, "Aqyar" for Sevastopol, and "Gezlev" for Yevpatori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batumi
Batumi (; ka, ბათუმი ), historically Batum or Batoum, is the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), second-largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia and the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, located on the coast of the Black Sea in Georgia's southwest, north of the Georgia-Turkey border, border with Turkey. It is situated in a subtropical zone at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains, Caucasus. Much of Batumi's economy revolves around tourism and gambling (it is nicknamed "The Las Vegas of the Black Sea"), but the city is also an Batumi Seaport, important seaport and includes industries like shipbuilding, food processing and light manufacturing. Since 2010, Batumi has been transformed by the construction of modern high-rise buildings, as well as the restoration of classical 19th-century edifices lining its historic Old Town. History Early history Batumi is located on the site of the ancient Greece, ancient Greek colony in Colchis called "''Bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
