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Ahmad Ahmadi
Ahmad Ahmadi (; 1885 – October 1944, known as ''Pezeshk Ahmadi'' meaning Physician Ahmadi) was an Iranian nurse. He was born in Mashhad to Mohammad Ali Ahmadi. He worked as a nurse at Qasr Prison in Tehran, where he was ordered to kill political prisoners; he was later executed for these crimes. Crimes While he was employed at Tehran's Qasr prison, he was ordered to kill numerous political prisoners. Many political prisoners died under his notorious air injections. Some of the more famous were Mirza Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi, Abdolhossein Teymourtash, Sardar As'ad and his brother Khānbābā Khān As'ad, Taghi Arani, and Ayatollah Mirza Mohammad Najafi Khorasani (Ayatollah Aghazadeh). Ahmadi was generally paid 10 to 15 Iranian tomans for every person he killed. If the victim was more prominent, he could be paid 100 tomans. When the British and Soviets invaded Iran in 1941, Rezā Shāh of the Pahlavi dynasty was overthrown, and the judiciary, headed by Jalāl Abdeh, under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mashhad
Mashhad ( ; ), historically also known as Mashad, Meshhed, or Meshed in English, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. In the Central District (Mashhad County), Central District of Mashhad County, it serves as the capital of Razavi Khorasan province, Razavi Khorasan province, the county, and the district. It has a population of about 3,400,000 (2016 census), which includes the areas of Mashhad Taman and Torqabeh. The city was governed by different ethnic groups over the course of its history. Mashhad was previously a small village, which by the 9th century had been known as Sanabad (Mashhad), Sanabad, and which was located—along with Tus, Iran, Tus and other villages—on the ancient Silk Road connecting them with Merv to the east. Mashhad would eventually outgrow all its surrounding villages. It gained its current name meaning "place of martyrdom" in r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari
Sardar Asad Bakhtiari (c. 1856–1917) ( Luri/ Persian: ), also known as Haj Ali-Gholi Khan, Sardar Asaad II (born Ali-Gholi Khan) was an Iranian revolutionary and a chieftain of the Bakhtiari ''Haft Lang'' tribe. The third son of Hossein Gholi Khan Ilkhani, he was one of the primary figures of the Persian Constitutional Revolution The Persian Constitutional Revolution (, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911 during the Qajar Iran, Qajar era. The revolution led to the establishment of a Majl .... He was the brother of Najaf-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari Samsam Ol-Saltaneh, Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari Sardar Bibi, and Khorou Khan Bakhtiari Sardar Zafar. Early life He was born in 1856 or 1857 at Garmsir in the Bakhtiari-Chaharmahal province. His father, Hossein Gholi Khan Ilkhani, having united the Bakhtiari tribes, had turned them into the most powerful clan in late Qajar Iran. His mother was Bibi Mehri-Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 Deaths
Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in North Africa. ** Landing at Saidor: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on Papua New Guinea in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat. * January 8 – WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces. * January 11 ** United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security, in his State of the Union address. ** The Nazi German administration expands Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp into the larger standalone ''Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau'' in occupied Poland. * January 12 – WWII: Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle begin a 2-day conference in Marrakech. * Janua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1885 Births
Events January * January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam. * January 17 – Mahdist War in Sudan – Battle of Abu Klea: British troops defeat Mahdist forces. * January 20 – American inventor LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents a roller coaster. * January 24 – Irish rebels damage Westminster Hall and the Tower of London with dynamite. * January 26 – Mahdist War in Sudan: Troops loyal to Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad conquer Khartoum; British commander Charles George Gordon is killed. February * February 5 – King Leopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State, as a personal possession. * February 9 – The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii. * February 16 – Charles Dow publishes the first edition of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The index stands at a level of 62.76, and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonel Pessian
Mohammad-Taqi Khan Pessian (; 1892 – 3 October 1921), more commonly known as Colonel Pessian, was an Iranian gendarme, fighter pilot and warlord who formed and led the short-lived Autonomous Government of Khorasan in 1921. He was killed in a battle with forces sent by Ahmad Qavam, the prime minister at the time.Stephanie Cronin, "PESYĀN, MOḤAMMAD-TAQI KHAN" Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2016, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/pesyan-mohammad-taqi-khan (accessed on 16 May 2016). Biography Pessian was born into an aristocratic family in Tabriz. Pessian's family possessed strong military traditions, his uncle General Khan Pessian was a commander in the Persian Cossack Brigade, his cousins Heydar Qoli Khan Pessian – father of Iranian author and journalist, Mahtalat Pessian, – Ali Qoli Khan Pessian, Gholam Reza Khan Pessian and he himself served in Gendarmerie. In Tabriz Mohammad Taqi was educated in sciences, Turkish, Persian, Arabic and for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Khan Puladeen
Major General Mahmud Khan Pulādeen (; d. February 1928), also spelled as Pouladeen, was a senior military leader during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi. In 1921, he served as personal guard to Zia ol Din Tabatabaee. He was sent to various parts of Iran where tribal clashes were threatening stability. Soon after Reza Shah ascended to the throne, Major General Puladeen was arrested on charges of conspiring to overthrow Reza Shah, along with Samuel Jem, a Jewish member of parliament. The court sentenced him to 10 years in prison, but Reza Shah insisted on his death sentence. Major General Sarteep Sheibani (a friend of Puladeen's) refused to carry out the death sentence and resigned from his post. Finally, in 1928, he was executed in Bagh-Shah, Tehran, by firing squad. He managed to survive the firing squad's 21 bullets, but Major General Karim Buzarjomehri went up to the wounded Puladeen and shot him in the head, finishing the execution. References * 'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عل� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teymourtash
Abdolhossein Teymourtash (; 25 September 1883 – 3 October 1933) was an influential Iranian statesman who served as the first minister of court of the Pahlavi dynasty from 1925 to 1932, and is credited with playing a crucial role in laying the foundations of modern Iran in the 20th century. Given his significant role in the transition of power from the Qajar to Pahlavi dynasties, he is identified closely with the Pahlavis for whom he served as the first minister of court from 1925 to 1933. Nonetheless, Teymourtash's rise to prominence on the Iranian political scene predated the rise of Reza Shah to the throne in 1925, and his elevation to the second most powerful political position in the early Pahlavi era was preceded by a number of significant political appointments. Apart from having been elected to serve as a member of Parliament to the 2nd (1909–1911); 3rd (1914–1915); 4th (1921–1923); 5th (1924–1926); and 6th (1926–1928) Majles of Iran, Teymourtash served in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir Abdollah Tahmasebi
Abdollah Khan Amir Tahmasebi (, 1881–1928) was an Iranian senior military commander, instrumental in the fall of the Qajar dynasty and rise to power of Reza Shah Pahlavi. He first became well known in Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan for the successful restoration of law and order, gaining widespread recognition and popularity there. He was then appointed governor of Tehran by Reza Shah, replaced in Azerbaijan by Mohammad-Hosayn Ayrom. In 1925, he became Minister of War. In 1928, while en route to Lorestan province, Lorestan to visit a road construction site with some engineers, his group was ambushed by unknown assailants near Borujerd. He died shortly after due to bullet wounds in a hospital in Borujerd. Reza Shah attended his funeral to pay his respects. References * 'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), ''Iran in the Past Three Centuries'' (''Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh'' - ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volumes 1 and 2 (Paktāb Publishing - ا� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran Teymourtash
Iran Teymourtāsh (; 1914–1991nardein), the eldest daughter of Abdolhossein Teymourtāsh, is considered a pioneer among women activists in 20th-century Iran. Her father's position as the second most powerful political personality in Iran, from 1925 to 1932, afforded Iran Teymourtāsh the opportunity to play a prominent role in that country's women's affairs early in life. Life Prior to her father's removal from office in 1932, she attended the Iran Bethel School (also known as the American Girl's College in Tehran), and is believed to have been the first female to appear in public unveiled when she delivered the commencement address for her graduating class from high school in 1930. Shortly later, she founded an association of women with the intended goal of establishing a boarding school for destitute women. This organization would remain active in the years that followed by engaging in charitable work, and among others, establishing evening educational classes for women. In 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pahlavi Dynasty
The Pahlavi dynasty () is an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian royal dynasty that was the Pahlavi Iran, last to rule Iran before the country's monarchy was abolished by the Iranian Revolution in 1979. It was founded in 1925 by Reza Shah, Reza Shah Pahlavi, a non-aristocratic Iranian soldier of Mazanderani people, Mazanderani origin, who took on the name of the Pahlavi scripts of the Middle Persian, Middle Persian language from the Sasanian Empire of Muslim conquest of Persia, pre-Islamic Iran. The dynasty largely espoused this form of Iranian nationalism rooted in the pre-Islamic era (notably based on the Achaemenid Empire) during its time in power, especially under its last king Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The dynasty replaced the Qajar dynasty in 1925 after the 1921 Persian coup d'état, 1921 coup d'état, beginning on 14 January 1921 when 42-year-old soldier Reza Shah, Reza Khan was promoted by British General Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside, Edmund Ironside to lead the Britis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reza Shah
Reza Shah Pahlavi born Reza Khan (15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was shah of Iran from 1925 to 1941 and founder of the roughly 53 years old Pahlavi dynasty. Originally a military officer, he became a politician, serving as minister of war and Prime Minister of Iran, prime minister of Iran, and was elected shah following the deposition of the last monarch of the Qajar dynasty. Reza Shah's reign ended when he was forced to abdicate after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Mohammad Reza Shah. A moderniser, Reza Shah clashed with the Shia clergy and introduced social, economic, and political reforms during his reign, ultimately laying the foundations of the History of Iran#Late modern period, modern Iranian state. Therefore, he is regarded by many as the founder of modern Iran, until his ouster by the Islamic Revolution. At the age of 14, Reza Khan joined the Persian Cossack Brigade. He rose through the ranks, becoming a brigadier gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
