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Ahaha
Ahaha (c. 1800s BC) was an ancient Assyrian investor and one of the earliest documented businesswomen in history. She is known for falling victim to financial fraud and pleading to her brother to retrieve stolen silver for her. It is unknown if her pleas were answered. History Ahaha lived during the Old Assyrian period and grew up in Assur. Her mother, Lamassī, raised Ahaha while her father was primarily stationed in Kanesh engaging in business affairs. During this time, it was customary for women to head the household and make financial decisions while their husbands traveled extensively as merchants. Women operated joint-stock companies and dealt with loans, real estate, and market trends. Assyrians made money facilitating trades between Babylon (and other foreign lands) and Kanesh, traveling in long-distance caravans funded by investors, who earned profits such as gold and silver when trades were successful. Following the death of her mother, Ahaha took control of the pate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ama-e
Ama-e () was an Ancient Sumerian businesswoman. She is one of the earliest individual businesswomen of which any significant amount of information is known. Background She lived in the city of Umma during the reign of Sargon of Akkad. She was married to Ur-Šara and her business transactions are well documented in the so-called Ur-Sara family archive. While it does not appear to have been uncommon for women to conduct business, as it was regarded as a part of the household duties, no other individual businesswoman and her transactions from this period or before is as well documented as Ama-e. Business She rented land from the crown for cultivating, invested in buildings, traded in barley and metal, and had a network of business agents through which she bought and sold silver, wood, wool, food and perfume. Translator H. J. Marsman wrote: In early Mesopotamian society, women appear to have acted quite independently ndcould stand surely for someone else s withthe businesswo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , ''māt Aššur'') was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization that existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC. Spanning from the early Bronze Age to the late Iron Age, modern historians typically divide ancient Assyrian history into the Early Assyrian period, Early Assyrian ( 2600–2025 BC), Old Assyrian period, Old Assyrian ( 2025–1364 BC), Middle Assyrian Empire, Middle Assyrian ( 1363–912 BC), Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Assyrian (911–609 BC), and Post-imperial Assyria, post-imperial (609 BC– AD 240) periods, based on political events and gradual changes in language. Assur, the first Assyrian capital, was founded 2600 BC, but there is no evidence that the city was independent until the collapse of the Third Dynasty of Ur, in the 21st century BC, when a line of independent kings starting with Puzur-Ashur I began rulin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Assyrians
Assyria ( Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , ''māt Aššur'') was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization that existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC. Spanning from the early Bronze Age to the late Iron Age, modern historians typically divide ancient Assyrian history into the Early Assyrian ( 2600–2025 BC), Old Assyrian ( 2025–1364 BC), Middle Assyrian ( 1363–912 BC), Neo-Assyrian (911–609 BC), and post-imperial (609 BC– AD 240) periods, based on political events and gradual changes in language. Assur, the first Assyrian capital, was founded 2600 BC, but there is no evidence that the city was independent until the collapse of the Third Dynasty of Ur, in the 21st century BC, when a line of independent kings starting with Puzur-Ashur I began ruling the city. Centered in the Assyrian heartland in northern Mesopotamia, Assyrian power fluctuated over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century BC Women
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was Abolitionism, abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Businesspeople
Ancient history is a time period from the History of writing, beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian language, Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BCAD 500, ending with the Early Muslim conquests, expansion of Islam in late antiquity. The three-age system periodises ancient history into the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, with recorded history generally considered to begin with the Bronze Age. The start and end of the three ages vary between world regions. In many regions the Bronze Age is generally considered to begin a few centuries prior to 3000 BC, while the end of the Iron Age varies from the early first millennium BC in some regions to the late first millennium AD in others. During the time period of ancient history, the world population was Exponential growth, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Businesswomen
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BCAD 500, ending with the expansion of Islam in late antiquity. The three-age system periodises ancient history into the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, with recorded history generally considered to begin with the Bronze Age. The start and end of the three ages vary between world regions. In many regions the Bronze Age is generally considered to begin a few centuries prior to 3000 BC, while the end of the Iron Age varies from the early first millennium BC in some regions to the late first millennium AD in others. During the time period of ancient history, the world population was exponentially increasing due to the Neolithic Revolution, which was in full progr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninšatapada
Ninšatapada (also romanized as Ninshatapada; active 1800 BCE) was a Mesopotamian princess from the Old Babylonian dynasty of Uruk. She is known from a letter addressed to Rim-Sîn I, in which she implores him to restore her to her former position as a high priestess of Meslamtaea. It was incorporated into the curriculum of Mesopotamian scribal schools. Biography Ninšatapada was a princess from the Old Babylonian dynasty of Uruk. Her father was Sîn-kāšid, who reigned over this city in the nineteenth century BCE. She was most likely born when he was still young, in the third quarter of said century. Since no information about her grandfather is known, and her father originally served as the governor ('' šakkanakkum'') of Durum, which was fortified by Ishme-Dagan, it has been suggested that her family might have hailed from Isin. She was the high priestess (''nin-dingir'') of Meslamtaea. It is uncertain which king of Uruk was responsible for her appointment, though Willia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complaint Tablet To Ea-nāṣir
The complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir ( 81) is a clay tablet that was sent to the ancient city-state Ur, written . The tablet, which measures high and wide, documents a transaction in which Ea-nāṣir, a trader, allegedly sold sub-standard copper to a customer named Nanni. Nanni, dissatisfied with the quality, wrote a cuneiform complaint addressing the poor service and mistreatment of his servant. Discovered by Leonard Woolley, Sir Leonard Woolley in Ur, it is currently kept in the British Museum. Written in Akkadian language, Akkadian cuneiform, this tablet is recognized as the "Oldest customer complaint, Customer Complaint" by Guinness World Records. From 2015 onwards, the tablet's content and Ea-nāṣir in particular gained popularity as an internet meme, due to its relatable subject matter in expressing dissatisfaction with goods. Description The tablet is high, wide, thick, and slightly damaged. Content The tablet details that Ea-nāṣir travelled to Dilmun to buy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ea-nāṣir
Ea-nāṣir () was a copper merchant who lived in Ur during the mid-18th century BCE. He was a member of the Alik Tilmun, a guild of merchants based in Dilmun, and was active during the 11th and 19th regnal years of the Larsa ruler Rim-Sîn I. He is most well-known for being the subject of a customer complaint written against him by Nanni in 1750 BCE. Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir Ea-nāṣir is most well-known for a customer complaint written by Nanni in 1750 BCE. According to the complaint, Ea-nāṣir had agreed to sell some copper ingots to Nanni, after which he presented Nanni's servant with poor-quality ingots while mistreating and undermining him, and stated the Old-Babylonian equivalent of "take it or leave it". Enraged, Nanni wrote: In response, Ea-nāṣir wrote: Other tablets Other tablets have been found in the ruins believed to be Ea-nāṣir's dwelling. These include a letter from a man named Arbituram who complained he had not received his copper yet, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a Logogram, logo-Syllabary, syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. Cuneiform scripts are marked by and named for the characteristic wedge-shaped impressions (Latin: ) which form their Grapheme, signs. Cuneiform is the History of writing#Inventions of writing, earliest known writing system and was originally developed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). Over the course of its history, cuneiform was adapted to write a number of languages in addition to Sumerian. Akkadian language, Akkadian texts are attested from the 24th century BC onward and make up the bulk of the cuneiform record. Akkadian cuneiform was itself adapted to write the Hittite language in the early second millennium BC. The other languages with significant cuneiform Text corpus, corpora are Eblaite language, Eblaite, Elamit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Financial Crime
Financial crime is crime committed against property, involving the unlawful conversion of the ownership of property (belonging to one person) to one's own personal use and benefit. Financial crimes may involve fraud (cheque fraud, credit card fraud, mortgage fraud, medical fraud, corporate fraud, securities fraud (including insider trading), bank fraud, insurance fraud, market manipulation, payment (point of sale) fraud, health care fraud); theft; scams or confidence tricks; tax evasion; bribery; sedition; embezzlement; identity theft; money laundering; and forgery and counterfeiting, including the production of counterfeit money and consumer goods. Financial crimes may involve additional criminal acts, such as computer crime and elder abuse and even violent crimes including robbery, armed robbery or murder. Financial crimes may be carried out by individuals, corporations, or by organized crime groups. Victims may include individuals, corporations, governments, and entire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
