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Agnes Driscoll
Agnes Meyer Driscoll (July 24, 1889 – September 16, 1971), known as "Miss Aggie" or "Madame X'", was an American cryptanalyst during both World War I and World War II and was known as "the first lady of naval cryptology." Early years Driscoll was born Agnes May Meyer in Geneseo, Illinois, in 1889. She moved with her family to Westerville, Ohio, in 1895, where her father, Gustav Meyer, had taken a job teaching music at Otterbein College. In 1909, he donated the family home to the Anti-Saloon League, which had recently moved its headquarters to Westerville. The home was later donated to the Westerville Public Library and is now home to the Anti-Saloon League Museum and the Westerville Local History Center. Education Driscoll attended Otterbein College from 1907 to 1909. In 1911, she received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Ohio State University, having majored in mathematics and physics and studied foreign languages, statistics and music. She was fluent in English, French, Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneseo, Illinois
Geneseo is a city in Henry County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 6,539. Geneseo is 20 miles east of the Quad Cities, at the intersection of Interstate 80, U.S. Route 6 and Illinois Route 82. The city is known for its historically successful high school football and music programs. It is also known for its Victorian architecture. History Geneseo was founded as a Christianity, Christian colony in 1836 by seven families of the Congregationalist denomination from Geneseo, New York and Bergen, New York seeking to establish a "church in the wilderness". Roderick R. Stewart, one of the city's founding members, named the town Geneseo after the settlers' town of origin in New York (state), New York. The name "Geneseo" is a variation of the Iroquois language, Iroquois word Genesee, meaning "shining valley" or "beautiful valley". Establishment Planning for the colony began as early as 1829. In May 1836 the founding seven fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riverbank Laboratories
Riverbank Acoustical Laboratories (RAL), (often referred to as Riverbank or Riverbank Labs), is a NVLAP accredited acoustical testing agency founded by George Fabyan in 1913. The testing service remains a highly respected source of independent acoustical materials testing. RAL specializes in STC ( Sound Transmission Loss per ASTM E90), NRC (Sound Absorption per ASTM C423), IIC ( Impact Sound Transmission per ASTM E492), and Sound Power (ISO 6926) testing. The current address for the company is 1512 Batavia Ave. Geneva, IL. This location also houses the Riverbank Acoustical Museum and Acoustical Library. History The acoustical laboratory building was funded and built by Colonel George Fabyan on his vast Riverbank Estate in Geneva, Illinois. Colonel Fabyan was a patron of obscure sciences, and references to his "Riverbank laboratories" exist as early as 1916. In 1913, Fabyan hired Wallace Clement Sabine to help tune an acoustical levitation machine built according to specifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese M-1 Cipher Machine
The Japanese M-1 cipher machine was a mechanical device the Japanese used for performing cryptography sometime during the 1930s. More specifically it was used by naval attaches. The US called it the ''ORANGE machine''. Cryptographically it is similar to the Red cipher; it was broken by Agnes Driscoll Agnes Meyer Driscoll (July 24, 1889 – September 16, 1971), known as "Miss Aggie" or "Madame X'", was an American cryptanalyst during both World War I and World War II and was known as "the first lady of naval cryptology." Early years Driscoll ... (Madame X). References Encryption devices {{Cryptography-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Naval Codes
The vulnerability of Japanese naval codes and ciphers was crucial to the conduct of World War II, and had an important influence on foreign relations between Japan and the west in the years leading up to the war as well. Every Japanese code was eventually broken, and the intelligence gathered made possible such operations as the victorious American ambush of the Japanese Navy at Midway in 1942 (by breaking code JN-25b) and the shooting down of Japanese admiral Isoroku Yamamoto a year later in Operation Vengeance. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) used many codes and ciphers. All of these cryptosystems were known differently by different organizations; the names listed below are those given by Western cryptanalytic operations. Red code The Red Book code was an IJN code book system used in World War I and after. It was called "Red Book" because the American photographs made of it were bound in red covers.Greg Goebel"US Codebreakers In The Shadow Of War" 2018. It should not be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Rochefort
Joseph John Rochefort (May 12, 1900 – July 20, 1976) was an American naval officer and cryptanalyst. He was a major figure in the United States Navy's cryptographic and intelligence operations from 1925 to 1946, particularly in the Battle of Midway. His contributions and those of his team were pivotal to victory in the Pacific War. Early career Rochefort was born May, 12, 1900, in Dayton, Ohio. In 1917, he joined the United States Navy while still in high school in Los Angeles, without obtaining a diploma. When enlisting he gave his birth date as 1898; this adjustment lasted his entire career. He was commissioned as an Ensign after a 14 June 1919 graduation from the US Navy's Steam Engineering School at Stevens Institute of Technology, and later in 1919, became engineering officer of the tanker USS ''Cuyama''. A fellow officer observed that Rochefort had a penchant for solving crossword puzzles and adept skills at playing the advanced card game auction bridge and recommended ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Hebern
Edward Hugh Hebern (April 23, 1869 – February 10, 1952) was an early inventor of rotor machines, devices for encryption. Background Edward Hugh Hebern was born in Streator, Illinois, on April 23, 1869. His parents were Charles and Rosanna (Rosy) Hebern. They met in Harris County, Texas while Charles was serving as guard and escort from the civil war. On February 4, 1866, they married in Harris, Texas. Rosanna was only fifteen years old. After mustering out of the service on May 29, 1866, Charles and his new wife returned to Springfield, Illinois, and on June 18, 1866, he received his final pay and discharge. Edward had an older sister, Arizona (Zoa) born in 1867, two younger brothers, Daniel Boone Hebern, born on February 17, 1871, and William Hebern, born April 8, 1875, in Houston, Texas, as well as a younger sister, Nellie Hebern, born in 1874. At the age of 6, on August 4, 1875, Edward Hugh and three of his siblings were admitted to the Illinois Soldiers’ and Sailors’ ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature, legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, including a Lower house, lower body, the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives, and an Upper house, upper body, the United States Senate, U.S. Senate. They both meet in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Members of Congress are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a Governor (United States), governor's appointment. Congress has a total of 535 voting members, a figure which includes 100 United States senators, senators and 435 List of current members of the United States House of Representatives, representatives; the House of Representatives has 6 additional Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives, non-voting members. The vice president of the United States, as President of the Senate, has a vote in the Senate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications Machine
The ''Communications Machine'', or "CM", is a mechanical device used by the United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest Displacement (ship), displacement, at 4.5 millio ... for most of the 1920s. It used a sliding alphabet system. It was developed by Agnes Meyer Driscoll and William Gresham. In 1937 the United States Congress recognized the achievement of these two by awarding them both $15,000. References Encryption devices {{Cryptography-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplomatic Correspondence
Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents, especially historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, protocols and formulae that have been used by document creators, and uses these to increase understanding of the processes of document creation, of information transmission, and of the relationships between the facts which the documents purport to record and reality. The discipline originally evolved as a tool for studying and determining the authenticity of the official charters and diplomas issued by royal and papal chanceries. It was subsequently appreciated that many of the same underlying principles could be applied to other types of official document and legal instrument, to non-official documents such as private letters, and, most recently, to the metadata of electronic records. Diplomatics is one of the auxiliary sciences of hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Yardley
Herbert Osborn Yardley (April 13, 1889 – August 7, 1958) was an American cryptologist. He founded and led the cryptographic organization the Black Chamber. Under Yardley, the cryptanalysts of The American Black Chamber broke Japanese diplomatic codes and were able to furnish American negotiators with significant information during the Washington Naval Conference of 1921–1922. Recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal. He wrote '' The American Black Chamber'' (1931) about his experiences there. He later helped the Nationalists in China (1938–1940) to break Japanese codes. Following his work in China, Yardley worked briefly for the Canadian government, helping it set up a cryptological section (Examination Unit) of the National Research Council of Canada from June to December 1941. Yardley was reportedly let go due to pressure either from the Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson or from the British. Early life Yardley was born in 1889 in Worthington, Indiana. He learned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Black Chamber
The Black Chamber, officially the Cable and Telegraph Section and also known as the Cipher Bureau, was the first peacetime cryptanalytic organization in the United States, operating from 1917 to 1929. It was a forerunner of the National Security Agency (NSA). History Until World War I, the only codes and cypher organizations created by the U.S. government were short-lived agencies of the United States Armed Forces, such as the U.S. Army's Military Intelligence (MI-8). The Cable and Telegraph Section or Cipher Bureau was established on April 28, 1917, three weeks after the U.S. Congress declared war on the German Empire and began American involvement in World War I. It was headquartered in Washington, D.C., operated under the executive branch without direct Congressional authorization, and was moved in the Army's organizational chart several times. On July 5, 1917, Herbert O. Yardley was assigned to head the Cipher Bureau, which consisted of Yardley and two civilian clerks. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
